Wake wezwa umuntu ethi 'unenxeba lobuchopho' noma 'inxeba lobuchopho'? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa udokotela esho lokho ngenkathi ebheka umbiko ovela kumngane. Ngakho-ke ungase ube nombuzo mayelana nokuthi 'inxeba lobuchopho' liyini. Kalula nje, lena indawo lapho izicubu zobuchopho zonakaliswe khona ngandlela thile. Lo monakalo ungabangelwa ingozi ekhanda, noma ngenxa yesifo noma isimo esithile. Isibonelo, isifo sohlangothi yisimo esonakalisa ubuchopho, okungukuthi, esibangela inxeba lobuchopho.
Kwenzekani ngalomonakalo wobuchopho?
Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bufana nesikhungo esikhulu sokuxhumana ezweni. Konke emzimbeni kuyalawulwa, lonke ulwazi luya emuva naphambili ngalesi sikhungo. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenzeka ngezibonakaliso zikagesi nezamakhemikhali. Manje cabanga, kwenzekani uma ucingo luphuka endaweni eyodwa kulesi sikhungo, noma uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuvinjelwa? Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho ingxenye yobuchopho yonakele. Ukuxhumana kuleyo ndawo eyonakele kuyaphazamiseka. Njengoba umonakalo uba mkhulu, lokhu kuvinjelwa nakho kuyakhula. Yingakho kwenzeka uphawu ngalunye, isibonelo, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa womzimba, izinguquko ekuboneni, kanye nenkulumo engacacile.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho zilawula imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeka kuphi. Udokotela uzolalela izimpawu zakho futhi aqagele ukuthi inkinga ikuphi ebuchosheni.
Izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho kanye nezimpawu zomonakalo
Ake sibheke izimpawu ezenzeka lapho izingxenye eziyinhloko zobuchopho zonakele. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ngizokuchaza etafuleni elifana naleli ukuze kube lula ukukuqonda.
| Indawo Yobuchopho | Imisebenzi Elawulwayo | Izimpawu uma zonakele |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuchopho - I-Frontal Lobe (ngaphambili kwekhanda) | Ukuhlela, ukunaka, ukufunda, ubuntu, ukulawula ukunyakaza, ukukhuluma (ukwakheka kwamagama) | - Ubunzima bokufunda - Izinkinga zokunaka - Ukucasuka, izinguquko ekuziphatheni - Ukungingiza, ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Broca's Aphasia) - Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ohlangothini olulodwa noma ingxenye yomzimba - Ukulahlekelwa yiphunga (i-Anosmia) |
| I-Cerebrum - I-Temporal Lobe (Ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda) | Ukuqonda kokulalela, inkumbulo, ukuqonda ulimi | - Ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo (i-Wernicke's Aphasia) - Izinkinga zokuhlonza ngokunembile lokho okuzwiwayo |
| I-Cerebrum - I-Parietal Lobe (Phezulu kwekhanda) | Imizwa efana nokuthinta, ubuhlungu, izinga lokushisa, ikhono lezibalo, ukubhala | - Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni (kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuba yinkinga yemizwa) - Ukungakwazi ukubhala (i-Agraphia) - Ukungakwazi ukubala (i-Acalculia) - Ukungakwazi ukubona iminwe yakho - Ukushintsha kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla |
| Ubuchopho - I-Occipital Lobe (Ngemuva kwekhanda) | Umbono, ukuqaphela okubonwayo | - Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngenxa yenkinga ebuchosheni, noma ngabe amehlo aphilile (ubumpumputhe be-Cortical) - Ukungakwazi ukubona imibala (i-Achromatopsia) - Ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso (i-Prosopagnosia) - Ubunzima bokubona okubonayo |
| I-Cerebellum (Ingemuva lekhanda, ingxenye engezansi) | Ukulinganisela komzimba, ukulawula kahle ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza kwamehlo | - Ubunzima bokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha lapho ukhuluma (i-Dysarthria) - Isiyezi - Ukukhubazeka - Ukuthuthumela - Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-Diplopia) |
| I-Brainstem (Ingxenye exhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla) | Ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, ukugcina ingqondo iphilile | - Izinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo - Izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi - Ubunzima bokugcina amehlo akho egxile - Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma i-coma |
Yini ebangela lolu hlobo lokulimala kobuchopho?
Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza kube nomonakalo ebuchosheni. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izingxenye ezimbili.
Ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha
- Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma i-Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) okwesikhashana.
- Izimila zobuchopho zingaba umdlavuza noma zibe yingozi.
- Izifo zamasosha omzimba ezifana ne -Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
- Izifo ezihlobene nokuguga, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nesifo i-Parkinson's .
- Isithuthwane kanye nokuxhuzula.
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho okubangelwa yizinto ezincane ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
- Ezinye izimo zokuzalwa.
Ngenxa yezimbangela zangaphandle kanye nezingozi
- Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukuxhuzula kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kakhulu.
- Njengomphumela ongemuhle wokuhlinzwa okuthile, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma i-chemotherapy.
- Ukungenisa ubuthi obufana nezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi simo?
Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuba udokotela eselalele izimpawu zakho, uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Lokhu kuzohlola amandla ezingalo zakho nemilenze, ukusabela, kanye nomuzwa (ukuthi kukhona yini ozwayo).
Kuphela ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa lapho bezothunyelwa khona ukuze bayoskenwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukulimala kobuchopho.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography)
- Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Isikeni se-PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokuskena. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka uzenze nokuthi kungani.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Kunezimbangela eziningi zokulimala kobuchopho, futhi izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yomonakalo.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, into efana nokuxhuzula okuncane izophola ngokwayo ngokuphumula okwanele.
- Uma kungenxa yokutheleleka, ingelashwa ngama-antibiotic.
- Uma kuyisifo sobuchopho, kungenzeka ukuthi sisuswe ngokuhlinzwa, kuye ngokuthi sitholakala kuphi.
- Ezinye izilonda zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi azibangeli ngisho nezimpawu, ngakho-ke azidingi ukwelashwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma umonakalo ebuchosheni unzima noma ubangelwa yisifo esingelapheki njenge-Alzheimer's, kunzima ukubuyisela emuva umonakalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nenketho yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ingabe izimo ezinjengalezi zingavinjelwa?
Singavimbela ukulimala kobuchopho okuvela kwezinye izimbangela, ikakhulukazi izingozi nezinto ezihlobene nendlela yethu yokuphila.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo. Isifo sohlangothi siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulimala kobuchopho. Ukudla okuhle kungasiza ekunciphiseni leyo ngozi ngokugcina imithambo yegazi yakho iphilile.
- Hlala umatasa futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo. Ukuzivocavoca nokulawula isisindo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha. Ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela kuyimpoqo uma ugibela ibhayisikili noma isithuthuthu. Ukugqoka ibhande lesihlalo uma ugibela imoto kungaba yindlela yokusindisa impilo. Lokhu kukuvikela ekulimaleni ekhanda.
- Phatha kahle izimo zakho ezingamahlalakhona. Isibonelo, uma umuntu onesifo sokuwa ephuza imithi yakhe njengoba nje eyalelwe udokotela wakhe futhi elawula ukuwa kwakhe, anganciphisa ukulimala kobuchopho.
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Ukulimala kobuchopho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela impilo. Isifo sohlangothi yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Uma umuntu oseduze nawe ekhombisa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib., umlomo ogobile ohlangothini olulodwa, ukungazweli engalweni eyodwa, ukukhuluma okungacacile), myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elingabekezeleleki, nelinzima kakhulu.
- Ukushintsha kombono okungachazeki (ukubona kabili, ukufiphala, ukubona izibani phambi kwamehlo).
- Ukuxhuzula okuhlala imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5 noma ukuxhuzula okuningi kulandelana.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, isicanucanu, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda noma emzimbeni.
- Ushintsho oluzumayo ekuziphatheni komuntu noma esimweni sakhe sengqondo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isilonda sobuchopho yindawo lapho izicubu zobuchopho zonakele khona.
- Izimpawu zincike ekutheni umonakalo wobuchopho wenzeke kuphi.
- Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi, okuhlanganisa izingozi, isifo sohlangothi, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
- Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI kanye ne-CT scans kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga lokhu.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yomonakalo. Ezinye ziyalapheka, kanti ezinye azilapheki.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obungazelelwe, ukushintsha kombono, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, noma ukuxhuzula, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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