Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngento ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngohlelo lwakho njengokufaka amapayipi endlini; unenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi “yamashubhu” amancane athwala izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Lawa aziwa ngokuthi imithambo yakho. Kalula nje, besingeke siphile ngaphandle kwawo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithambo yegazi?
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithambo yegazi? Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Inhloso yazo efanayo ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye kuwo wonke amagumbi omzimba wakho.
Uhlobo lokuqala yimithambo ethambile . Cabanga ngomgcini we-wicket ebamba ibhola lekhilikithi elisheshayo; kufanele amunce lowo mfutho wokuqala, ocindezela kakhulu. Le mithambo yenza okufanayo, ithola igazi elicindezela kakhulu lisuka enhliziyweni yakho ngaphambi kokulidlulisela.
Uhlobo lwesibili imithambo yemisipha . Njengalowo mdlali ofanayo ogijima ukuze alethe ibhola lapho kudingeka liye khona, le mithambo isabalalisa lelo gazi ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wakho wonke.
Kafushane:
- Imithambo ye-elastic: Le micu icebile nge-elastic, evumela ukuthi yeluleke futhi ibuyele emuva njengebhande lerabha. Itholakala eduze kwenhliziyo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i -aorta kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu .
- Imithambo yemisipha: Le mithambo yemisipha ebushelelezi kakhudlwana. Inesibopho sokusabalalisa igazi ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umthambo we-femoral (emlenzeni wakho), umthambo we-radial (esihlakaleni sakho, lapho uzwa khona ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho), kanye nomthambo we-brachial (engalweni yakho engenhla).
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi?
Abantu abaningi badida imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Ake sicacise umehluko.
Imithambo yegazi
- Zithwala igazi elihlanzekile nelicebile nge-oxygen elivela enhliziyweni yakho liye emzimbeni wonke.
- Izindonga zabo ziqinile futhi zinemisipha ngoba kumele zikwazi ukumelana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya.
- Imithambo yegazi ayinawo ama-valve; amandla akhiqizwa yinhliziyo yakho anele ukugcina igazi lihamba liye ohlangothini olulodwa.
Imithambo yegazi
- Ngemva kokuba amangqamuzana akho nezicubu sezisebenzise umoya-mpilo, le mithambo ithwala igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo (elingenawo umoya-mpilo) libuyele enhliziyweni yakho.
- Izindonga zemithambo yegazi zincane kunemithambo yegazi ngoba umfutho wegazi ongaphakathi kuzo uphansi kakhulu.
- Imithambo inezivikelo zokuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva.
Imithambo yegazi isiza kanjani izitho zakho ukuthi zisebenze?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yakho yegazi ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba. Inhliziyo yakho ipompa leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo liye emthanjeni omkhulu womzimba, i- aorta . Ukusuka lapho, lisakazeka liye emithanjeni emincane nemincane, lisakazeke emzimbeni wakho wonke njengendwangu.
Khumbula, isitho ngasinye emzimbeni wakho sidinga lo moya kanye nokudla ukuze sisebenze. Imithambo yakho yemithambo iyindlela ehlinzeka ngalezi zinto ezibalulekile.
Imithambo ethile inikezelwe ezithweni ezithile zomzimba, njenge:
- Imithambo yenhliziyo: Ihambisa igazi ngqo emisipheni yenhliziyo.
- Imithambo ye-Carotid: Thatha igazi liye ebuchosheni bakho, ebusweni nasentanyeni.
- Imithambo yomgogodla: Ihlinzeka ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
- Imithambo ye-Iliac: Ihlinzeka ngesifunda se-pelvic.
- Umthambo we-Femoral: Uhlinzeka ngemilenze.
- Imithambo ye-Subclavian: Ihlinzeka ngekhanda, intamo, kanye nezingalo.
- Imithambo ye-Celiac kanye ne-mesenteric: Nikeza uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemithambo yakho!
Kunezinto ezimangalisayo ngempela okufanele uzazi ngemithambo yakho:
- Ubuwazi ukuthi isimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko sithumela izimpawu emithanjeni yakho ukuze inciphe noma ivuleke? Lena yindlela umfutho wegazi wakho olawulwa ngayo. Ngokulungisa ububanzi bawo, imithambo yakho igcina umfutho wegazi wakho uzinzile.
- Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, cishe u-10% wenani lakho lonke legazi litholakala emithanjeni yakho.
- Ngokuthakazelisayo, umthambo we-pulmonary uwukuphela komthambo othwala igazi "elingcolile" elingenawo umoya-mpilo. Uthwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo omusha.
Zikuphi, zibukeka kanjani, futhi zakhiwe kanjani?
Imithambo iqala enhliziyweni nge-aorta bese ikhula njengezihlahla, ifinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
Zibonakala njengamapayipi , kodwa ngokungafani nemithambo yegazi, izindonga zazo zijiyile futhi zinemisipha yokusingatha umfutho ophezulu ovela e-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo. Ziguquguquka kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nosayizi, umthambo wakho omkhulu kunayo yonke, i -aorta, unobubanzi obungaba ngu-10-25 mm (0.4-0.9 inches). Eminye imithambo isukela ku-3-5 mm (0.11-0.19 inches). Imithambo emincane kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-arterioles , ingaba mincane njengobubanzi obungu-0.01 kuya ku-0.30 mm.
Imithambo yegazi yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. I-Tunica intima: Ungqimba lwangaphakathi oluqukethe imicu enwebekayo.
2. I-Tunica media: Ungqimba oluphakathi, olucebile ngemisipha ebushelelezi, oluvumela umthambo ukuthi unciphe noma unwebeke njengoba kudingeka.
3. Ingaphandle le-Tunica: Ingqimba yangaphandle exhumanisa nezicubu ezizungezile futhi igcina imizwa ekhombisa ukuthi umthambo ulungise usayizi wawo.
Yiziphi izimo ezivamile zemithambo yegazi?
Ngeshwa, izimo ezahlukahlukene zingathinta imithambo yakho yegazi. Ezinye zifaka:
- I-Atherosclerosis (Ukuncipha Nokuqina Kwemithambo) : Lesi simo senzeka lapho izinto ezifana namafutha ne-cholesterol ziqoqana ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yakho, okubangela ukuba zinciphe futhi ziqine ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-Aneurysm : Ingxenye ebuthaka yodonga lwemithambo yegazi evuvukala njengebhaluni. Uma ingelashwa, lokhu kungaqhuma.
- I-Blood Clot : I-mass eyakheka ngaphakathi kwe-artery evimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile.
- Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo : Ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo enikeza igazi enhliziyweni yakho.
- Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid : Ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis ngaphakathi kwemithambo ye-carotid, enesibopho sokunikeza igazi ebuchosheni bakho.
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
- I-Cholesterol Ephezulu
- Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD) : Ukuncipha kwemithambo ehambisa igazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho.
- I-Vasculitis (Ukuvuvukala Kwemithambo) : Isimo lapho izindonga zemithambo yakho zivuvukala futhi zivuvukala.
Yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Ezimweni eziningi, izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, imithambo yakho ingase iqine kancane kancane, futhi i-plaque (ukunqwabelana kwe-cholesterol namafutha) ingase iqale ukuyivala. Lezi zinkinga zenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze, okuholela emithanjeni evalekile noma evalekile ngokuphelele.
Ezinye zezibonakaliso ezingaba yisixwayiso zesifo semithambo yegazi zifaka:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuhlungu emilenzeni yakho
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile
Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ngoba zingase zibonise isimo sempilo esibucayi.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile zokuhlola impilo yakho yemithambo yegazi?
Udokotela wakho uyakwazi ukufinyelela ezivivinyweni eziningana zokuhlola imithambo yegazi ukuze ahlole isimo semithambo yakho yegazi:
- I-Angiography : Inqubo lapho kufakwa khona idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni, kulandelwe yi-X-ray scan.
- I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography)
- I-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokuqabulana Kwamagnetic)
- I-Echocardiogram : Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yayo ehlobene nayo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Ukwelashwa kwezifo zemithambo yegazi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela emithini kuya ekuhlinzweni:
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: (Sizoxoxa ngalokhu maduze)
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol noma umfutho wegazi
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi
- Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, njenge-corticosteroids
- I-Angioplasty : Inqubo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ithuluzi elifana nebhaluni ukwandisa umthambo onciphile, ngokuvamile olandelwa ukufakwa kwe-stent.
- Ukufakelwa kwe-Coronary artery bypass
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kweminye imithambo yegazi evalekile
- Ukususwa kwe-Carotid endarterectomy : Inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa ama-fatty deposits emthanjeni we-carotid.
Izinyathelo ezilula zokugcina imithambo yakho iphilile
Ngakho-ke, yini ongayenza ukuze ugcine imithambo yakho iphilile? Eqinisweni, izinyathelo ozithathayo zempilo yenhliziyo yizo kanye ezidingwa yimithambo yakho.
Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezilula ongazithatha:
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Ikakhulukazi, gwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi e-trans namafutha agcwele. Gxila ezithelweni, imifino, imifino eluhlaza, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Zibekele okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzilolonga umzimba nsuku zonke, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda.
- Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi (ugwayi, ama-vape, njll.) ngokuphelele.
- Beka ubuthongo bakho phambili (uma ungumuntu omdala, hlose ukulala amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye ubusuku ngabunye).
- Lawula ukucindezeleka ngempumelelo. Imikhuba efana nokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuzibandakanya ezintweni ozithandayo zokuzilibazisa ingenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, noma isifo sikashukela, landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa olunqunyiwe njalo.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngenhliziyo yabo kuphela lapho becabanga ngesimiso sabo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kodwa imithambo yegazi yakho idlala indima ebalulekile. Yizindlela eziletha umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, nezinye izinto ezisekela impilo ngegazi lakho. Uma unakekela imithambo yegazi yakho, izokunakekela!
Khumbula, ngoba umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu akuvamile ukuveza izimpawu, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga akho asezingeni elifanele. Uma kungenjalo, ukufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha esifanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala usesimweni esifanele.
