Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Njengamapayipi aletha amanzi endlini, sinesimiso 'samapayipi' amancane athwala izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi imithambo, noma '(imithambo)' ngesiNgisi. Ngaphandle kwale mithambo, besingeke sikwazi ukuphila.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithambo yegazi ezikhona?
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi zikhona yini izinhlobo zale mithambo. Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ikakhulukazi. Umsebenzi wazo zombili lezi ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uhlobo lokuqala
'yimithambo enwebekayo' . Cabanga nje ngakho njengokuthi lapho umuntu eshaya ibhola ngesivinini esikhulu ngenkathi edlala ikhilikithi, umuntu olibambayo kufanele amelane nalelo jubane, le mithambo nayo iqala ngokuthola igazi elivela enhliziyweni ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho idlulisela leli gazi kweminye imithambo. Uhlobo lwesibili
'yimithambo yemisipha' . Njengomuntu obamba ibhola bese egijimela endaweni oyifunayo, le mithambo ithwala igazi iye ezicutshini ezahlukene zomzimba. Kalula nje:
- Imithambo yegazi enwebekayo : Lena inemicu eminingi enwebekayo. Yelula njengebhande lerabha. Itholakala eduze kakhulu nenhliziyo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-aorta kanye nomthambo wegazi wamaphaphu.
- Imithambo yemisipha : Lena inemicu yemisipha ebushelelezi kakhulu. Lena yileyo esabalalisa igazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umthambo we-femoral (emlenzeni), umthambo we-radial (engalweni, eduze kwesihlakala, lapho sizwa khona ukushaya kwenhliziyo), kanye nomthambo we-brachial (ehlombe).
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi?
Abantu abaningi badida imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
Imithambo yegazi (`(Imithambo yegazi)`)- Lezi yizo ezithatha igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo enhliziyweni bese zilisabalalisa emzimbeni wonke.
- Izindonga zazo ziqinile kakhulu futhi zinemisipha ngoba kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ofika njalo lapho inhliziyo ishaya.
- Awekho ama-valve ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ngoba igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela ngenxa yokucindezela kwegazi okuvela enhliziyweni.
Imithambo (Siphinde siyibize ngokuthi imithambo)
- Lezi zibangela ukubuyisa igazi elingcolile (elingenawo umoya-mpilo) elisele ngemva kokuba amangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba sezisebenzise umoya-mpilo wonke. Siphinde silibize ngokuthi "igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo".
- Izindonga zemithambo zincane kunezo zemithambo ngoba umfutho wegazi ongaphakathi kwazo awunamandla njengasemithambo.
- Kukhona ama-valve ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Lawa ma-valve avimba igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva.
Kwenzekani emithanjeni yegazi? Zisiza kanjani ezinye izitho zomzimba?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yegazi ukuthwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo futhi elicebile ngezakhamzimba emzimbeni wonke. Inhliziyo yakho ipompa leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo liye emthanjeni omkhulu emzimbeni, i-
I-aorta. Ukusuka lapho, le-aorta ihlukana ibe yimithambo emincane, ekugcineni isakazeke emzimbeni wonke njengenethiwekhi. Cabanga nje, lo moya kanye nokudla okunomsoco kubalulekile ukuze zonke izitho zomzimba wethu zisebenze. Imithambo ihlinzeka lezi zinto kuzo zonke izitho. Ikakhulukazi, eminye imithambo ihlinzeka ngegazi ezithweni ezithile. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:- Imithambo yenhliziyo : Lena yimithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni uqobo.
- Imithambo ye-carotid : Le ithwala igazi liye ebuchosheni, ekhanda, ebusweni nasentanyeni.
- Imithambo yomgogodla : Ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
- Imithambo ye-Iliac : Engxenyeni yesinqe.
- Umthambo we-Femoral (`(Umthambo we-Femoral)`) : Emilenzeni.
- Imithambo ye-Subclavian : Ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni.
- Imithambo ye-Celiac (`(imithambo ye-Celiac)`) kanye nemithambo ye-mesenteric (`(imithambo ye-mesenteric)`) : Kuhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla.
Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemithambo yegazi ongase ungawazi!
Kukhona ezinye izinto ezimangazayo kakhulu ngemithambo yegazi.- Ubuwazi ukuthi imithambo yegazi ithola imiyalezo evela ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi ukuze 'iqine' noma 'ivuleke'? Yilokhu okulawula umfutho wegazi lethu , noma ijubane lokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi. Imithambo yegazi idlala indima enkulu ekugcineni umfutho wegazi wethu uzinzile. Iphinde ilawule inani legazi eligeleza kuyo. Ikwenza kokubili ngokufinyela nangokuphumuza imisipha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
- Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi , cishe u-10% wegazi eliphelele emzimbeni wakho lingaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi.
- Into emangalisayo ukuthi, umthambo wamaphaphu uwukuphela komthambo othwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, noma 'elingcolile'. Lo mthambo uthwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini, lapho lithatha khona umoya-mpilo.
Ikuphi i-artery? Ibukeka kanjani? Ingakanani? Yenziwe ngani?
Imithambo iqala nge-aorta, okuwumthambo omkhulu othwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni. Ukusuka lapho, imithambo isakazeka ibe yimigudu emincane, njengamagatsha esihlahla, futhi isakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo ibukeka njengamapayipi . Kodwa inezindonga ezijiyile nemisipha eqinile kunemithambo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kufanele imelane nokucindezela kwegazi elimpontshwa ngokushesha yi-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokushisa kwamanye amakhaya oluvunguza ukushisa ngamapayipi, kodwa le mithambo iguquguquka. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, umthambo wakho omkhulu, i-aorta, ungamamilimitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-25 (amasentimitha angu-0.4 kuya kwangu-0.9) ububanzi.Eminye imithambo ingaba ngamamilimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-5 (0.11 kuya ku-0.19 amayintshi) ububanzi. Imithambo emincane kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-arterioles, ingaba mincane njengo-0.30 kuya ku-0.01 wamamilimitha ububanzi. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi imithambo yenziwe ngani. Kunezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko: 1. Ingqimba yangaphakathi (i-Tunica intima) : Lena yingqimba yezicubu equkethe imicu enwebekayo. 2. Ingqimba ephakathi (i-Tunica media) : Yilapho iningi lemisipha ebushelelezi litholakala khona. Yilokhu okuvumela imithambo ukuba inciphe noma ivuleke njengoba kudingeka. 3. Ingqimba yangaphandle (i-Tunica externa) : Yilapho ezinye izicubu zixhumana khona. Ngisho nemithambo ethumela imiyalezo emithanjeni ukuthi inciphe futhi ivuleke ixhunywe kule ngqimba. Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta imithambo yegazi?
Ngeshwa, kunezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingalimaza imithambo yethu yegazi. Ezinye zalezi yilezi:- I-Atherosclerosis : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinto ezifana namafutha kanye ne-cholesterol ziqoqana ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwenza imithambo yegazi ibe mincane.
- I-Aneurysm : Ingxenye ebuthaka yomthambo wegazi evuvukala njengebhaluni. Ingaqhuma futhi.
- Ihlule legazi : Kwakha ihlule legazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi.
- Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo : I-atherosclerosis yemithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- Isifo semithambo ye-carotid : I-atherosclerosis yemithambo ye-carotid ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (`(Umfutho wegazi ophezulu)`)
- I-cholesterol ephezulu (`( I-cholesterol ephezulu)`)
- Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD) : Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezithweni.
- I-Vasculitis : Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi.
Yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Izimo eziningi, njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngaphandle kokuthi wazi, imithambo yakho ingaqina kancane kancane futhi ivalwe yi-cholesterol kanye namafutha agciniwe (i-plaque). Lezi zinkinga zingenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze emithanjeni yakho, okubangela ukuba inciphe noma ivaleke ngokuphelele. Nazi ezinye izimpawu zezifo ezihlobene nemithambo:- Ubuhlungu besifuba (`(Ubuhlungu besifuba)`)
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuhlungu ezithweni
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukukhathala
Okubalulekile: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unalezi zimpawu, njengoba lezi zingaba yizimo ezibucayi.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yemithambo yegazi?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezisiza odokotela ukubona isimo semithambo yakho yegazi.- I-Angiography : Kulokhu, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni bese kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.
- I-CT scan (`(I-CT scan / i-computed tomography)`)
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (`(I-MRI / Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-Magnetic resonance)`)
- I-Echocardiogram (`(Echocardiogram)`) : Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukubheka ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha izifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi, kusukela emithini kuya ekuhlinzweni.- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: (Sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokulandelayo)
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol noma umfutho wegazi
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi
- Imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala, isibonelo ama-corticosteroids
- I-Angioplasty : Inqubo yokwandisa umthambo onciphile kusetshenziswa idivayisi efana nebhaluni. Ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa ne-stent.
- Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo (`(Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo)`)
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kweminye imithambo yegazi evalekile
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid endarterectomy : Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ama-fatty deposits emthanjeni we-carotid.
Izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu iphilile
Kulungile, pho yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine leyo mithambo eyigugu esikhuluma ngayo iphilile? Eqinisweni, izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile nazo zilungele imithambo yakho. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:- Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Gwema ukudla okuqukethe amafutha e-trans namafutha agcwele. Yidla izithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye ne-fiber.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (njengogwayi kanye ne-beedis).
- (Uma ungumuntu omdala) Lala kahle phakathi kwamahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye njalo ebusuku.
- Phatha kahle ukucindezeleka.Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owuthandayo zingasiza.
- Uma unezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo sikashukela, zitholele ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Uma uphuza utshwala, bunciphise.
Uma abantu abaningi becabanga ngesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, bacabanga ngenhliziyo kuphela. Kodwa imithambo yegazi nayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Yiyo ethwala umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni wakho ngegazi lakho. Uma unakekela imithambo yegazi yakho, izokunakekela!
Khumbula, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu kungase kungabonakali zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho- ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisezingeni elijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, thola ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
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