Igama elithi "ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho" lenza umzimba wakho uthuthumele, akunjalo? Eqinisweni, ngisho nalapho sizwa lawo mazwi, sizwa umthwalo omkhulu nokwesaba ezinhliziyweni zethu. Kodwa namuhla, isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuqaphela ngokugcwele ngisho nezinto ezibonakala zingathi sína. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kuhlinzwa kobuchopho, noma `(Ukuhlinzwa Kobuchopho)`, ngolimi olulula ongaluqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlinzwa kobuchopho?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho inqubo yezokwelapha elapha ukungajwayelekile noma isimo esingaphakathi noma esizungezile ubuchopho bakho. Njengoba wazi, ubuchopho buyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokulawula umzimba wethu. Ubuchopho bulawula konke kusukela endleleni esikhuluma ngayo, esicabanga ngayo, esinyakazayo nesikhumbula ngayo izinto. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuhilela ukwelapha inkinga ebuchosheni ngendlela engaphazamisi le misebenzi ebalulekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa odokotela abahlinza izinzwa , odokotela abanokuqeqeshwa okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe ebuchosheni kanye nasesimisweni sezinzwa. Ithimba lodokotela abanekhono, okuhlanganisa nodokotela obulala izinzwa, lizokunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuzizwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi izizathu ezenza ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kwenziwe?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umuntu angadinga ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yobuchopho idinga ukususwa ngenxa yesimo esifana nesifo sokuwa. Noma ukuze kususwe isimila sobuchopho. Njalo njalo:
- Ukususa amahlule egazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukulungisa imithambo yegazi evulekile ngendlela engavamile (ama-aneurysms obuchopho).
- Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ezimweni ezifana ne-hydrocephalus, lapho kunokucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
- Ukwelapha ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (ii-TBI) kanye nokuphuka kogebhezi.
- Ngezifo zemizwa ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson.
- Ukulawula umonakalo obangelwa yisifo sohlangothi.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuhlale kuyindlela yokugcina. Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela, ngemva kokuzama ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuya ngesimo sesiguli. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo Lokuhlinzwa | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji | Ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yezicubu zobuchopho noma uketshezi ukuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlolwa kwenaliti okuqondiswa yikhompyutha. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy | Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvulekile.' Ingxenye encane yogebhezi iyasuswa, ubuchopho buyafinyelelwa, bese ingxenye ihlanganiswa kabusha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukususa izimila kanye namahlule egazi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniectomy | Lokhu kufana nokuhlinzwa kwekhanda. Kodwa-ke, umehluko uwukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kunengozi yokuvuvukala ebuchosheni, ingxenye yogebhezi esusiwe ayixhunywanga ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuba ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni sekuphelile, ixhunywa kabusha ngokuhlinzwa okuhlukile (cranioplasty). |
| Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Obujulile (i-DBS) | Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kanye nokuthuthumela. Ama-electrode afakwa ngaphakathi kobuchopho bese kuthunyelwa izimpawu zikagesi ezivela kudivayisi encane yangaphandle ukulawula umsebenzi wobuchopho. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi | Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngaphandle kokuvula ugebhezi. Kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane endaweni yembobo bese kudluliswa ithubhu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter ngomthambo wegazi liye ebuchosheni ukuze kususwe amahlule egazi (i-thrombectomy) noma kulungiswe ama-aneurysms. |
| I-Neuroendoscopy | Lena futhi inqubo engangenisi kakhulu. Ipayipi elincane (i-endoscope) elinekhamera lifakwa ebuchosheni ngekhala noma ngomlomo ukuze kususwe izinto ezifana nezimila. Asikho isidingo sokusika ugebhezi. |
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuyinqubo ehlelwe kahle kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana kuzokwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umzimba wakho usukulungele yini ukuhlinzwa nokubulala izinzwa.
- Ukuskena: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-'MRI`, `CT scan`, `PET scan` kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho. Lezi zithombe zisiza udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthola indawo eqondile okufanele ayelaphe.
- Amanye amathiphu:
- Uma ubhema , kufanele uyeke ukubhema ngokuphelele amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukubhema kungabangela izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi kulibazise ukuphola kwenxeba.
- Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile (njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungase ucelwe nokuthi uqale imithi emisha yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuvimbela izifo, kanye nokuvimbela ukuxhuzula.
- Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzochaza ukuhlinzwa, izingozi zako, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Buza noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngaleso sikhathi .
Usisivusile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kwezinye izinhlinzeko zobuchopho, ufakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile bese ulaliswa.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvukayo," okwenziwa ngenkathi uvukile. Ikakhulukazi uma isimila sisendaweni ebalulekile yobuchopho ehilelekile enkulumweni noma ekunyakazeni, odokotela bafuna ukuhlola ukuthi leyo misebenzi izothinteka yini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kulesi simo, uzovuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi ucelwe ukuthi wenze izinto ezifana nokukhuluma, ukubuka isithombe, nokuhambisa ingalo noma umlenze. Ungakhathazeki , ugebhezi lwakho nesikhumba sakho kuphazamisekile, ngakho ngeke uzizwe ubuhlungu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuze inqubo ingangeni kakhulu, lokhu kungaba usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwenqubo evulekile, kungadingeka uhlale izinsuku ezifika kweziyi-10. Ngosuku lokuqala, uzogcinwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) futhi uqashwe ngokucophelela.
- Isikhathi sokululama: Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini ayisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi uphethwe yikhanda ekuqaleni. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yalokhu.
- Ukuvuselelwa:Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhuluma kwakho, ukuhamba kwakho, kanye namandla akho kungathinteka ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Abelaphi bomzimba, odokotela bezifo zolimi lokukhuluma, kanye nabelaphi bomsebenzi bangakusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole lawo makhono.
- Ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha: Ukuya emitholampilo ngesikhathi, ukuthatha imithi oyinikezwe ngendlela efanele, nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela kubalulekile ukuze ululame ngokushesha.
Izingozi nezimpawu okufanele uzibike kudokotela wakho ngokushesha
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kunezingozi ezithile. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe besimanje buzinciphise kakhulu lezi zingozi, kubalulekile ukuzazi.
- Izinkinga ezivamile: ukopha, ukutheleleka, ukusabela ekubulaweni yizinzwa.
- Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana: ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-aphasia), isiyezi, izinkinga zokulinganisela.
- Izingozi zesikhathi eside: Izinguquko zokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuhamba.
Izimpawu okufanele zibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha
Kuvamile ukuzizwa ungakhululekile ekuqaleni ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo , sicela wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ubunzima noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama.
- Ukungalali noma ukulala njalo.
- Umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
- Ukudideka okukhulu kwengqondo, ushintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni.
- Ubunzima obusha bokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukukhuluma.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ubuthakathaka obusha ezithweni.
- Ukuqina kwentamo noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu kunakuqala.
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezithweni.
- Ukuquleka.
Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuxhuzula, noma izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuyinqubo yezokwelapha ebalulekile, kodwa evame ukusindisa impilo.
- Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa okuvulekile (craniotomy), kunezindlela zesimanje ezingangenisi kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuvula ugebhezi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela kahle ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela.
- Ukululama kuthatha isikhathi, futhi ukuvuselelwa kuvame ukudingeka.
- Ungabi namahloni okukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukwesaba, ukungabaza, noma imibuzo onayo. Ukwaziswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunqoba ukwesaba.
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