Ingabe uphethwe yikhanda elifika liphinde liphele, futhi lingasabeli emithini ejwayelekile? Noma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa yingqondo futhi ukhuluma amazwi akho ngendlela engacacile? Ungase uzibuze, "O, ingabe nginesifo sobuchopho?" Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimbangela ezilula. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimila zobuchopho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini isimila sobuchopho?
Kalula nje, isimila sobuchopho siyisigaxa samangqamuzana angajwayelekile akha ebuchosheni bethu noma azungeze ubuchopho bethu. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ayahlukana, akhule, futhi ekugcineni afe ngendlela elawulwayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo iyaphambuka. Bese amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Lesi sigaxa esengeziwe samangqamuzana esiqoqana ngale ndlela sibizwa ngokuthi isimila.
La mantongomane angahlukaniswa kakhulu abe izinhlobo ezimbili.
1. Ama-Tumors Angewona Awemvelo: Lezi akuzona izimo zomdlavuza.
2. Amathumba Amabi: Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza.
Ukuze uqonde umehluko oqondile phakathi kwalokhu okubili, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Isici | Izimila ezingembi | Izimila Eziyingozi/Ezinomdlavuza |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga lokukhula | Ngokuvamile ikhula kancane. | Ngokuvamile ikhula ngokushesha. |
| Ukubhebhetheka | Akusabalali ezicutshini ezizungezile. Akuhambi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. | Kungasakazeka, kuhlasele izicubu eziphilile ezizungezile. |
| Imingcele | Kunemingcele ecacile. Kulula ukuyisusa ngokuhlinzwa. | Akukho mingcele ecacile. Kungase kuhlangane nezicubu ezizungezile. |
| Ukuphindaphinda | Uma isusiwe ngokuphelele, amathuba okuphindeka kwayo aphansi. | Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kwelashwa, amathuba okuphindeka kwalesi sifo aphezulu. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi noma ngabe iyisimila esingenobungozi, ingaba yingozi kuye ngokuthi sitholakala kuphi kanye nobukhulu baso ebuchosheni. Ngoba isikhala ebuchosheni sincane kakhulu. Njengoba isimila sikhula, singacindezela izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho futhi sibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
Kungani la mathumba obuchopho akheka? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Eqinisweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukukhomba imbangela eqondile yesimila sobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala kwezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA) emaseli ethu. Izimbangela eziningana zalo monakalo wezakhi zofuzo ziye zatholakala.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ingozi yokuba nezimila zobuchopho kamuva ekuphileni iphakeme, ikakhulukazi uma uthole ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda ngomthamo ophezulu ngesikhathi usengumntwana.
- Umlando womndeni: Abantu abanemindeni enezimo ezithile zofuzo ezingavamile (njenge-Neurofibromatosis) basengozini enkulu yokuthola izimila zobuchopho.
- Ubudala: Izimila zobuchopho zivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-65 no-79. Kodwa-ke, zingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala.
- I-Chickenpox: Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi abantu abake baba ne-chickenpox ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo basengozini encane yokuthola uhlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho olubizwa ngokuthi i-glioma.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezimila zobuchopho?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zezimila zobuchopho. Ziqanjwa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lweseli lapho isimila siqala khona. Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.
Izimila ezingembi
- I-Meningioma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila esingenabungozi. Luqala kuma-meninges, ulwelwesi olumboza ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
- I-Schwannoma: Lezi zimila, eziqala emaseli amboza imizwa, zingavela ikakhulukazi emsipheni oxhumanisa indlebe nobuchopho (i-Acoustic Neuroma).
- I-Pituitary Adenoma: Lezi zimila zikhula endlaleni ye-pituitary, etholakala ekujuleni kobuchopho. Njengoba le ndlala ilawula ama-hormone amaningi emzimbeni wethu, isimila singaphazamisa ukusebenza kwama-hormone.
- I-Craniopharyngioma: Lolu futhi uhlobo lwesimila oluvela kumaseli asele esigabeni sombungu futhi ngokuvamile luvela ezinganeni nakubantu abaseminyakeni ephakathi.
Izinhlobo zezimila ezinobungozi
- I-Glioma: Lolu hlobo lubangela cishe u-78% wezimila zobuchopho. Ziqala emaseli asekelayo obuchopho (amaseli e-glial).
- I-Astrocytoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glioma. Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu nolukhula ngokushesha kakhulu lwalezi yi -glioblastoma (GBM) .
- I-Ependymoma: Yakha ama-ventricles akhiqiza uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.
- I-Medulloblastoma: Lezi zivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile zikhula engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula ibhalansi (i-cerebellum).
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimila?
Izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho zincike endaweni kanye nobukhulu besimila . Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho zilawula imisebenzi ehlukene emzimbeni, ukusebenza kwesimila kungaphazamiseka.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliba nzima kakhulu lapho uvuka ekuseni futhi eliba libi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukuquleka: Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kokuquleka kumuntu ongakaze abe nokuquleka ngaphambili.
- Izinguquko ebuntwini noma ekuziphatheni: Ukucasuka okungazelelwe, ukukhathazeka, noma ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo.
- Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba: Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuthakathaka, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa engalweni noma emlenzeni.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda: ukungakwazi ukukhumbula igama elifanele, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma kahle.
- Izinkinga zokubona: ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili.
- Izinkinga zokuzwa: Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukukhala okuqhubekayo ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus).
- Izinkinga zokulinganisela: ukuzulazula lapho uhamba, isiyezi.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Isicanucanu ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukuthi unesimila sobuchopho ngoba nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi. Kodwa uma unalezi zimpawu, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngokukhethekile, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe ibhalansi yakho, umbono, kanye nokusabela komzimba.
Uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza wobuchopho, kunconywa ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lena indlela yokuskena engcono kakhulu necacile yokuthola izimila zobuchopho.
- I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Lokhu kusetshenziswa uma i-MRI ingenzeki.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Uma isimila sisuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kwenziwa imbobo encane ekhanda bese kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu esimila kusetshenziswa inaliti bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Kungemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa kuphela lapho singazi khona ukuthi isimila asibi noma sibi, nokuthi siluhlobo luni.
- Ukubhoboza Kwethambo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kukhona ukungabaza kokuthi isimila sisakazekele emaqakaleni amboze ubuchopho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo?
Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa ngokucabangela izici eziningi, njengohlobo lwesimila, ubukhulu baso, indawo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
1. Ukuhlinzwa: Ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kokuqala kuba ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Udokotela ohlinza izinzwa uzozama ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuchopho.
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (ama-X-ray, imisebe ye-gamma) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukumisa ukukhula kwawo. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje njenge-'Gamma Knife' bunganciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi inganikezwa njengomjovo noma amaphilisi.
4. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe kanye Nokwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Lezi izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje eziqondisa izinguquko ezithile zofuzo kumaseli omdlavuza noma ezikhuthaza amasosha omzimba ethu ukulwa nomdlavuza.
Kwezinye izimo, olunye noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kwelashwa kungadingeka lusetshenziswe ndawonye. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isimila sobuchopho ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana ebuchosheni noma azungeze. Lawa angaba “angenabungozi” noma “ayingozi” (anomdlavuza).
- Nakuba kuyi-tumor engenabungozi, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kuye ngokuthi ikuphi kanye nosayizi wayo.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona, ukuxhuzula okuphindaphindiwe, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni.
- Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emihle.
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