Kuvamile ukuthi abaningi bethu bazizwe besaba futhi besaba kancane uma bezwa igama elithi "umdlavuza." Kodwa bewazi ukuthi uma sazi ngezifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele, futhi siqonda izingozi, singavimbela umonakalo omkhulu ongabangelwa yizo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Leso Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yomdlavuza Webele. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele?
Cabanga ngakho njengombiko wesimo sezulu. Umbiko wesimo sezulu awusho ukuthi "lizokuna namuhla," uthi "kunethuba lemvula." Yilokho okwenzekayo. Ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele kuyindlela yokubala amathuba, noma amathuba, okuba nomdlavuza webele empilweni yakho. Awusoze washo ngokunembile ukuthi "uzothola umdlavuza" noma "ngeke."
Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi ingozi yakho iphakeme noma iphansi kunejwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye besifazane abaneminyaka yakho kanye nesizinda sakho. Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kudokotela wakho. Ngoba lungakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi udinga ukunaka okungakanani empilweni yakho yebele nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka uzenze. Njengamanje, lezi zindlela zokuhlola ubungozi zenzelwe abesifazane kuphela. Azisetshenziswa ukukala ingozi yomdlavuza webele kwabesilisa.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zindlela zokuhlola ubungozi zisebenza kanjani?
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-24 ezahlukene ezilinganisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Iningi lalezi ziyimibuzo eku-inthanethi ongayigcwalisa wedwa ngemizuzu eyi-10 nje kuphela. Uma usuphendule le mibuzo, isofthiwe ibala amaphuzu ngokusekelwe ezintweni zakho zobungozi .
Isici esiyingozi yinto ekhulisa amathuba okuthola isifo. Ake sibheke izici eziyinhloko eziyingozi zomdlavuza webele. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngokucacile, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Isici Sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Ingozi yomdlavuza webele iyanda kancane kancane njengoba umuntu ekhula. |
| Umlando Womndeni | Ingozi yakho iphakeme uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi isihlobo esiseduze njengomama wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho, eke waba nomdlavuza webele. |
| Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo | Ingozi iyanda kakhulu uma unekhophi eguquliwe yezakhi zofuzo ze -BRCA1 noma ze -BRCA2 . Lezi zingazuzwa njengefa. |
| Ubuningi bebele | Abesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile kunezicubu ezinamafutha basengozini enkulu kancane. Lokhu kungatholakala nge-mammogram. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba kwangaphambilini | Ingozi iphakeme uma i-biopsy yebele yangaphambilini ibikwe ukuthi inamaseli angajwayelekile (isb., i-hyperplasia engavamile). |
| Ukuvezwa Kwama-hormone | Ingozi iyanda uma ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kuma-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangelwa ngokwemvelo umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, kanye namanye amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo noma ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone (HRT). |
| Ubudala E-Menarche | Uma ukuthomba kuqala esemncane kakhulu (isib. ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12), ingozi iyanda ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma-hormone. |
| Ubudala Ngesikhathi Sokuya esikhathini | Ingozi iphakeme uma uqhubeka nokuya esikhathini uze ube mdala kakhulu (isib. ngemva kweminyaka engu-55), okwandisa isikhathi othola ngaso ama-hormone. |
| Umlando Wokubeletha | Abesifazane abangakaze babe nezingane basengozini enkulu. Abesifazane abathola umntwana wabo wokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-35 nabo basengozini enkulu. Ukuba nezingane, ikakhulukazi lapho zisencane, kunciphisa ingozi. |
Kodwa khumbula, akuzona zonke izici eziyingozi ezifanayo. Isibonelo, yize ingozi ikhula kancane njengoba ukhula, ukuba nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza ngamaphesenti angama-60. Lokho kukodwa kwanele ukubeka umuntu esigabeni esisengozini enkulu.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlola ubungozi ezisetshenziswayo?
Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola zinikeza lezi zici eziyingozi isisindo esihlukile. Okusho ukuthi, zibala amaphuzu ngendlela ehlukile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Imodeli ye-Gail (BCRAT)
Lena yindlela eyaziwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Yasungulwa yiNational Cancer Institute e-United States. Lolu hlu lwemibuzo luthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu ukuqedela. Ngokuyinhloko lunikeza umbono ngengozi yokuba nomdlavuza eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kanye neminyaka engu-90.
Imibuzo eyinhloko ebuzwa kulokhu yile:
- iminyaka yakho
- Uhlanga/ubuzwe
- Umlando wokuba nezingane
- Ukuthi ngabe i-biopsy yebele yenziwe ngaphambilini
- Ubudala ekuqaleni kokuya esikhathini
- Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele
Uma lokhu kuholela engcupheni yeminyaka emihlanu engu-1.67% noma ngaphezulu, kubhekwa "njengengozi ephezulu." Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umuthi ofana ne -Tamoxifen, onciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayifanele abantu abake baba nomdlavuza ngaphambili noma abaziwa ukuthi banezakhi zofuzo ezifana ne-BRCA.
I-IBIS (Imodeli kaTyrer-Cuzik)
Le ndlela inemininingwane eminingi kunemodeli ye-Gail. Ibala ingozi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo kanye nempilo yonke. Iphinde icabangele izici ezifana nalezi:
- Ubuningi besifuba
- Inkomba Yesisindo Somzimba (i-BMI)
- Umlando womdlavuza wesibeletho
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hormone therapy (HRT)
- Ukwazi ngokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 noma ze-BRCA2
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, odokotela banganquma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kwebele kangaki, noma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA.
I-BRCAPRO
Lokhu kucace kakhudlwana. Lokhu kuhlola kubheka kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi ube nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 noma ze-BRCA2 emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuncike cishe ngokuphelele emlandweni womndeni wakho womdlavuza. Kudinga ulwazi oluningi olujulile, ikakhulukazi iminyaka amalungu omndeni athola ngayo umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo akwenzile, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokususwa kwamabele noma kwesibeletho. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalokhu, unganquma ukuthi kufanele yini uhlolwe izakhi zofuzo noma cha.
Udokotela wami uzoyisebenzisa kanjani le miphumela?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthatha ukuhlolwa okuku-inthanethi okufana nalokhu bese kuthi "usengozini enkulu," ungesabi noma wesabe. Akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Yindawo enhle nje yokuqala ingxoxo phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho.
Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, udokotela wakho angathatha izinyathelo ezinjengalezi:
- Ukuncoma ukuhlolwa kwamabele njalo: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ama-mammogram noma ezinye izivivinyo (isb., i-MRI) kaningi kunokujwayelekile.
- Ukudluliselwa Kweseluleko Sezakhi Zofuzo: Ungathunyelwa kuchwepheshe ukuze achaze ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okwandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza kufanelekile yini nokuthi imiphumela izothinta kanjani impilo yakho nomndeni wakho.
- Ukunikeza imithi yokunciphisa ubungozi: Imithi efana ne-Tamoxifen ingavimbela ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukuxoxa Ngokuhlinzwa Kokuvimbela: Kumuntu osengozini enkulu kakhulu (isib., umuntu one-BRCA gene mutation), i-prophylactic mastectomy ingaxoxwa ngayo ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza ukhule. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi.
Ithembeke kangakanani imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa?
Lokhu kuyinto okudingeka sikhulume ngayo ngokwethembeka. Lezi zindlela zokuhlola zisekelwe kudatha eqoqwe kubantu abaningi. Okusho ukuthi, ulwazi oluvela kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zabesifazane abaye baba nomdlavuza luqhathaniswa nolwazi lwakho, futhi lo mphumela unikezwa. Kodwa akekho kithi ongowezibalo. Ngisho noma sinezici ezifanayo zengozi, ayikho imizimba yabantu ababili efanayo.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zindlela zinemikhawulo eminingana:
- Ukwehluka Kwedatha: Idatha esetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokuhlola ingase ithambekele ohlangeni olulodwa, ngakho-ke imiphumela ingase ingabi nembalo efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Azisebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza: Lezi zindlela zibala kakhulu izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezihlaselayo. Futhi, azikwazi ukunikeza ulwazi ngomuntu osevele enomdlavuza.
- Ukungacabangi ngazo zonke izici eziyingozi:Akuzona zonke izici eziyingozi ezimbozwa ukuhlolwa okukodwa. Ezinye zisekelwe kakhulu ku-genetics, kanti ezinye zisekelwe kakhulu endleleni yokuphila. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho ekucela ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okungaphezu kokukodwa.
Naphezu kwale mikhawulo, lokhu kuhlola ubungozi kusebenza kahle ngokwanele ukunikeza isilinganiso esifanele sengozi yomuntu, yingakho odokotela beqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa emtholampilo.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele akukwazi ukubikezela ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza yini. Kodwa kungazisa udokotela wakho ngengozi yakho. Ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza webele kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kumane nje kuyithuluzi elilodwa lokukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi uthole ukuhlolwa njalo. Umgomo uwukuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi, lapho ungelashwa khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele kuyindlela yokulinganisa amathuba akho (amathuba) okuba nomdlavuza, hhayi ukuxilongwa.
- Ungesabi ngemiphumela, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngayo . Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu.
- Umphumela onobungozi obukhulu akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza. Futhi akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuyeka ukuhlolwa ngoba nje uthole umphumela onobungozi obuncane.
- Lezi zindlela zokuhlola zisiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nibe matasa kakhulu futhi nikhathalele impilo yenu.
- Amathuba okuba umdlavuza welapheke ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi aphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi uphuthelwe ukuhlolwa kwamabele uneminyaka efanele.
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