Uma unomdlavuza, uke welashwa kanzima, futhi manje ucabanga ukuthi konke sekuphelile, ukuthi konke kulungile... cishe akukho okubuhlungu ngaphezu kokuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ofanayo ubuyile. Lokhu kuyinselele engenakucatshangwa abantu abaningi ababhekene nayo. Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile, noma 'uphinde ubuye'? Kungani kwenzeka? Yini okudingeka siyazi esimweni esinjalo? Masiqonde konke lokhu kalula, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane oseduze.
Kalula nje, kusho ukuthini ukuphinda umdlavuza?
Ukuphinda umdlavuza kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza owawunawo ngaphambili ubuya khona ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungenzeka zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokwelashwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi 'usekukhululweni' . Lokhu kusho ukuthi awunazo izimpawu zomdlavuza futhi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza angatholakala ezivivinyweni. Kodwa-ke, ngisho noma usukhululiwe, umdlavuza usengabuya.
Kodwa khumbula, ukuphinda umdlavuza akusho ukuthi sekuphelile. Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, abantu abaningi bakwazile ukulawula ukuphinda kwawo futhi baphile kahle iminyaka eminingi.
Yiziphi izindlela umdlavuza ongaphinde ubuye ngazo?
Odokotela bahlukanisa izindlela umdlavuza ophindela ngazo, ngokusekelwe lapho uvela khona. Ungavela ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lokulungisa ubuso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphindaphinda Kwendawo | Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ubuya endaweni efanayo owawuyiyo ngaphambili noma eduze kwayo . Isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza wendlala, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angakhula abuyele endaweni efanayo lapho asuswe khona. |
| Ukuphindaphinda Kwesifunda | Yilapho umdlavuza ubuyela khona kuma-lymph node noma ezicutshini eduze nalapho wawukhona ngaphambili. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, isibonelo, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza webele (umdlavuza webele one-triple negative), cishe ziyobuya ngale ndlela. |
| Ukuphindaphinda Okude | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kwesinye isitho noma izicubu ezikude kakhulu nalapho utholakale khona okokuqala. Isibonelo, umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu angase abe nomdlavuza ofanayo osakazekele ebuchosheni bese uphindela emuva. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ziphinde zivele?
Eqinisweni, noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza lungaphinde lubuye. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphela ophinde ubuye. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zinamathuba amaningi okuphinda zibuye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba osusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa (i-Metastatic melanoma)
- I-Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), uhlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la maphesenti ayizilinganiso nje , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza onjani. Le ngozi iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi, njengohlobo lomdlavuza owawunawo, isigaba owawukuso lapho utholakala okokuqala, kanye nokwelashwa kokuqala owakuthola. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu ngalokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza ezibuyayo?
Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zomdlavuza obuyayo zingafana nezezinye izifo ezivamile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukunaka umzimba wakho ngemva kokwelashwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezimpawu ongase uzizwe uma uhlobo lwakho lomdlavuza lubuya. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingezansi, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele |
|---|
| - Izimpawu ezifanayo ezazikhona lapho umdlavuza uqala ukuvela ziphinde zivele (isibonelo, kuvela iqhubu elisha noma isimila lapho umdlavuza wawukhona) |
| - Ubuhlungu obungapheli obungapheli. |
| - Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungapholi. |
| - Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| - Ukuphuka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngendlela engavamile. |
| - Umkhuhlane onganciphi. |
| - Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona. |
| - Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea). |
| - Ukopha ngendle noma ngomchamo . |
| - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza . |
| - Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia). |
Kungani umdlavuza uphindela emuva?
Lokhu kunzima ukukuqonda. Cabanga ngamaseli omdlavuza njengezitha ezicashile. Ukwelashwa esikunikezayo (njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, imisebe) kubhubhisa wonke amaseli omdlavuza esingawabona futhi siwathole.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, amangqamuzana ambalwa omdlavuza amancane kakhulu, angabonakali angase ahlale endaweni ethile emzimbeni. Isibonelo, lapho isimila somdlavuza sisuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kungase kube namangqamuzana ambalwa asele nxazonke angabonakali emehlweni futhi kunzima ukuwabona, ngisho nangaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
Lawa maseli asele, ahlala engasebenzi isikhathi esithile, aqala ukukhula futhi ngemva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka. Yilapho sithi khona umdlavuza usuphinde wavela.
Uwuthola kanjani umdlavuza ophinde wavela?
Ukuze bathole ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini, odokotela basebenzisa izinhlobo ezifanayo zokuhlolwa ezazisetshenziswa ukuxilonga umdlavuza kwasekuqaleni.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wempilo yakho iyonke nokuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokumaka Izicubu: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izinto ezithile (amamaki amathumba) egazini ezikhiqizwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni ngenxa yomdlavuza. Uma la mazinga enyuka, kungaba uphawu lokuthi umdlavuza ubuyile.
- I-Liquid Biopsy: Lena inqubo entsha. Ukuhlolwa okubheka izingcezu zamaseli omdlavuza noma i-DNA yomdlavuza eqongeleleke egazini lakho.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe
- I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zangaphakathi lomzimba ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini izimila ezintsha ezinomdlavuza, ukuthi zikhulu kangakanani, nokuthi zikuphi.
- I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezicacile zangaphakathi lomzimba. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni izimila ezindaweni ezifana nobuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
- Ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka uhlobo oluthile lukashukela emzimbeni. Amaseli omdlavuza amunca lo shukela ngokushesha kunamaseli avamile, ngakho ukuskena kungabona kalula izindawo zomdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Biopsies
Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza ophindaphindayo?
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza obuyile kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho. Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwenza izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuphinda ukwelashwa okufanayo (isib. i-chemotherapy) njengokwelashwa kokuqala.
- Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwezimila ezisanda kwakheka ezinomdlavuza.
- Ukusebenzisa imithi ehlukene ye-chemotherapy noma inhlanganisela yemithi.
- Ukuzama uhlobo oluhlukile lokwelashwa, njengokwelashwa okuqondiwe noma ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy.
Lapho sinquma ukwelashwa, sicabangela nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo: Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezifanayo.
- Lapho umdlavuza ubuya: Uma umdlavuza ubuya ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuwulapha.
- Lapho umdlavuza ubuyile khona: Ukwelapha umdlavuza obuyile endaweni efanayo owawuyiyo ekuqaleni kungaba lula kunokwelapha umdlavuza osusakazekele esithweni esikude.
- Isimo sakho sempilo sisonke:Umzimba wakho udinga ukuqina ngokwanele ukuze umelane nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa okusha.
Kanye nalezi zindlela zokwelapha, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu . Lokhu akuwuqedi umdlavuza, kodwa kukusiza ukuthi uhlale ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokulawula izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu, isicanucanu, nokukhathala okubangelwa umdlavuza kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.
Ukuphila nomdlavuza ophinde wabuyela esimweni sawo
Kufana nenkumbulo endala ebuyayo izokukhathaza. Ngemva kokulwa nomdlavuza kanye bese ucabanga ukuthi usunqobile, kufanele uqale impi efanayo futhi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile, wesaba, futhi ungenathemba kulesi sigaba. Leyo mizwa ingokoqobo, futhi ibalulekile.
Uma nje uthola ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ubuyile, zinike isikhathi sokucabanga ngawo futhi uqonde isimo. Bese uqala ukucabanga ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze uphile nawo ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo. Kungcono ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezokudla ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla olukufanele.
- Zivocavoce. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka futhi ikhulise amandla omzimba. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
- Uma ubhema noma uphuza utshwala, zama ukuyeka ukwenza lezo zinto.
- Lala kahle. Ukuphumula kubalulekile emzimbeni.
Nginganquma kanjani ukuthi ngifuna ukuthola ukwelashwa futhi noma cha?
Lesi akusona isinqumo esilula. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezingakusiza kulesi sikhathi:
1. Qonda izinketho zakho zokwelapha kanye nemiphumela yazo emibi: Khuluma nodokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza kanye nethimba lezokwelapha. Buza noma yimiphi imibuzo okudingeka uyazi.
2. Khuluma nomndeni wakho kanye nabathandekayo bakho ngalokhu: Ukusekelwa kwabo kuzokuqinisa kunoma yisiphi isinqumo osenzayo.
3. Cabanga ukuthola umbono wesibili komunye uchwepheshe: Kungase kube nezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ezifanele wena kwesinye isibhedlela.
4. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungabamba iqhaza yini ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo: Lezi yizifundo ezihlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha.
Ekugcineni, isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa noma cha singesakho. Udokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, kanye nabo bonke abanye kufanele bacabangele imibono yakho, kodwa isinqumo sokugcina singesakho. Wonke umuntu unesibopho sokuhlonipha leso sinqumo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukubuyela komdlavuza ukubuya komdlavuza ofanayo ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Lokhu kungaba sendaweni efanayo lapho umdlavuza wawukhona ngaphambili (endaweni), eduze (kwesifunda), noma kude (kude) emzimbeni.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela, kanye namaqhubu amasha. Uma unenkinga, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza obuye wavela. Ungalilahli ithemba.
- Isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa noma cha singesakho. Thola lonke ulwazi oludingayo, khuluma nabangani bakho, bese wenza isinqumo esizwakala sikulungele.
- Ungahambi wedwa kulolu hambo. Thola ukwesekwa eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, kanye nabangani.
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