Ingabe ukusebenzisa kwakho insangu kubonakala kungalawuleki? (Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwensangu) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

I-cannabis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cannabis, yinto abantu abaningi abayisebenzisela ukuzijabulisa, lapho behlangana nabangani. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu 'okuncane' kungaba kukhulu kakhulu futhi kungalawuleki. Bese kuqala ukuthinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, ubudlelwano, kanye nempilo. Ingabe unenkinga efana nalena ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-cannabis? Noma ingabe othile omaziyo ubhekene nalesi simo? Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esibangelwa yilokhu kusebenzisa i-cannabis, okungukuthi , i-Cannabis Use Disorder .

Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kokusetshenziswa Kwensangu?

Kalula nje, i-Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) yisimo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis (insangu) kubangela izinkinga empilweni yakho futhi kuthinta impilo yakho yengqondo. Futhi kuwuhlobo lwe-Substance Use Disorder (SUD).

Uma sithi insangu, sisho noma yimuphi umkhiqizo otholakala esitshalweni i-'Cannabis sativa'. Lokho kusho izimbali zaso ezomile, amaqabunga, iziqu, kanye nembewu. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-500. I-'Cannabidiol' ('CBD') ingenye yamakhemikhali anjalo.

I-Marijuana ibhekisela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye noma umkhiqizo wesitshalo i-'Cannabis sativa', kodwa kumele ibe nenani elikhulu lekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-tetrahydrocannabinol ('THC') . Le 'THC' yiyo ekunika 'ukuphakama', okungukuthi, umuzwa wokudakwa. I-Marijuana uhlobo lwe-cannabis, kodwa akuyona yonke i-cannabis eyi-marijuana. Isimo se-'CUD' sibangelwa kakhulu yizinto eziqukethe i-'THC' (okungukuthi, i-marijuana).

Lesi simo 'se-CUD' singahluka ngobukhulu – abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane , abanye izimpawu ezilinganiselwe , kanti abanye izimpawu ezinzima . Ngokuvamile kuhilela isifiso esingalawuleki sokusebenzisa insangu, ukubekezelela okukhulu insangu (okusho ukuthi udinga okwengeziwe ukuze uzizwe ngendlela obuzizwa ngayo), kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa uma uyeka.

I-CUD ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, ebuhlotsheni bakho nomndeni nabangane, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukubona izimpawu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu 'CUD' kanye nokulutha kwensangu?

Sibiza i-cannabis use disorder (CUD) ngokuthi imnene, iphakathi nendawo, noma inzima kakhulu. Ukulutheka kwensangu kuyindlela embi kakhulu yalesi simo. Kusho ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa insangu naphezu kwezinkinga ezibangelwa yiyo. Ukulutheka kwensangu kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho bakho lujwayela ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, okukushukumisela ukuba usifune.

Kuvamile kangakanani lesi simo se-'CUD'?

Eqinisweni, i-'CUD' iyisimo esivamile. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 luthole ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-5.8% abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu e-United States (okungabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-16.3) babene-'CUD' ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezedlule. Lesi simo singabonakala naseSri Lanka ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Ngokusho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), okulandelayo yizimpawu ze-Cannabis Use Disorder:

• Ukusebenzisa insangu eningi futhi isikhathi eside kunalokho obekuhlosile.
• Isifiso esinamandla noma isifiso sokusebenzisa insangu.
• Imizamo yokunciphisa noma yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwensangu yehlulekile.
• Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola, ukusebenzisa, noma ukululama emiphumeleni yensangu.
• Ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa insangu.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa insangu naphezu kwezinkinga zobudlelwano.
• Ukuyeka imisebenzi yezenhlalo, yomsebenzi, noma yokuzijabulisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa insangu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngisho nasezimweni eziyingozi , njengokushayela imoto.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa insangu naphezu kokwazi ukuthi ibangela inkinga yomzimba noma yengqondo.
• Ukubekezelelana okwandisiwe (okusho ukuthi udinga insangu eningi ukuze uzizwe uphezulu njengakuqala).
• Ukubhekana nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho uyeka insangu, bese usebenzisa insangu futhi ukuze unqobe lezo zimpawu.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ezinye izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izici nokuziphatha kungabonakala:

• Ukudideka, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.
• Izinkinga zememori.
• Ubunzima bokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (`Imibono Engabonakali`).
• Ukukhohlisa.
• Ukuba kude nabangani nomndeni.
• Izinguquko ezingazelelwe esimweni sengqondo nasekuziphatheni.
• Ukuthukuthela nokuphika uma othile ebuza ngokusetshenziswa kwensangu.
• Abakhathali ngokubukeka kwabo njengoba babevame ukwenza.
• Ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo ukuze kufihlwe ukusetshenziswa kwensangu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Umuntu onesifo 'sokusetshenziswa kwensangu' ngokuvamile angalandela iphethini efana nale:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola.

2. Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.

4. Inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Lolu hambo luyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kunezici eziningana ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Imiphumela ye-THC kumakhemikhali akho obuchopho.
• Izici zofuzo (ithonya elivela kufuzo).
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukutholakala kalula kanye nokuchayeka ku-cannabis.

I-chemistry yobuchopho

Ikhemikhali ethi `THC` ithinta ubuchopho bakho, ikakhulukazi `isikhungo semivuzo`.

Sonke sinomqondo wokufuna injabulo. Isikhathi esiningi, le njabulo ivela ezintweni ezinempilo. Uma uchitha isikhathi nomuntu omthandayo, noma uma udla ukudla okumnandi, umzimba wakho ukhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine . Yilokhu okwenza uzizwe ujabule futhi wanelisekile. Kufana nomjikelezo; ufuna lezi okuhlangenwe nakho ngoba zikwenza uzizwe kahle.

Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana nensangu, ukwanda okukhulu kwe-dopamine kungena ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokukushukumisela ukuba wenze izinto okudingeka uzenze ukuze uphile (ukudla, ukusebenza, ukuchitha isikhathi nabantu obathandayo), la mazinga aphezulu e-dopamine angabangela izinguquko eziyingozi emicabangweni yakho, emizweni nasekuziphatheni kwakho.

Lokhu kukuholela ekufuneni injabulo eyengeziwe ngensangu kunokuhlangenwe nakho okunempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, insangu ('THC') ishintsha ikhemikhali yobuchopho bakho, ikwenze ungazweli kakhulu kuyo. Bese, udinga okwengeziwe ukuze uzizwe umphumela ofanayo.

Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo (ufuzo)

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi phakathi kuka-40% no-60% wengozi yokuthola noma yisiphi isifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (umfowethu, umzali) eke waba nesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, nawe unamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa i-CHRNA2 (etholakala ku-chromosome 8) kuhlotshaniswa ne-CUD.

Izimo zempilo yengqondo

Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanenkinga yempilo yengqondo nabo banenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (isb., `CUD`). Ngokufanayo, cishe ingxenye yabantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nabo banenkinga yempilo yengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `ukuxilongwa okubili` .

Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo zibangelwa izici eziningana ezihlobene:

• Izingozi zofuzo.
• Izinkinga ezenzeka ezindaweni ezifanayo zobuchopho.
• Amathonya emvelo.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izimo zempilo yengqondo zingaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ezimweni zempilo yengqondo. Abanye abantu bangase basebenzise insangu bezama ukulawula izimpawu zezinkinga zabo zempilo yengqondo (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuzelapha'). Lokhu kungabangela nesimo esithi 'CUD'.

Ukufinyelela okulula kanye nokuchayeka ku-cannabis

Ukutholakala kalula kwensangu kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu kwezemvelo. Izici ezandisa amathuba okuchayeka nokusetshenziswa kwayo zifaka:

• Othile ekhaya lakho usebenzisa insangu.
• Abangani bakho basebenzisa insangu.
• Ukuba nesitifiketi sensangu yezokwelapha (emazweni/ezifundazweni lapho kusemthethweni khona).

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-CUD. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaqala ukusebenzisa insangu ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18 banamathuba aphindwe kane kuya kwesikhombisa okuthola i-CUD kunabantu abadala.
• Amandla ensangu: Ukusebenzisa insangu enamandla amakhulu (okungukuthi, amazinga aphezulu e-THC) kungandisa ingozi ye-CUD. Futhi, ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa insangu (njengokudambisa kanye nokufaka i-vaping concentrates) zingaletha amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-THC emzimbeni.
• Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa: Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi abantu abangu-17% ababesebenzisa insangu kanye ngesonto kanye nabantu abangu-18.8% ababesebenzisa insangu nsuku zonke babonise izimpawu zokuncika kwinsangu.
• Ukucindezeleka: Abantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CUD.
• Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola i-CUD.
• Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa, njengotshwala, i-nicotine, noma ama-hallucinogens, kungandisa ingozi ye-CUD.

Izici eziyingozi ze-CUD, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha, zifaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngabazali.
• Imfundo yesikole ebuthakathaka.
• Ukuziphatha okungahloniphi umphakathi kanye nokuphikisa.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye/noma i-nicotine.
• Ukuxhashazwa ngokocansi ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

I-CUD ingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho yengqondo, yomzimba kanye neyomphakathi. Ezinye zezinkinga zomzimba zesimo esihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwensangu zifaka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa yi-cannabis.
• Isifo sokukhathazeka esibangelwa yi-cannabis.
• Isifo sokulala esibangelwa yi-cannabis.
• I-cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.
• I-bronchitis engapheli uma ubhema noma upheka insangu.
• Izinkinga zokuzala.

Izingane ezincane ezine-CUD zinamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• `CUD` enzima (ukuluthwa yinsangu).
• Kuthinta intuthuko yobuchopho.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukunciphisa imiphumela yemfundo.
• Amathuba okuyeka isikole ayanda.
• Isilinganiso sokuhlakanipha esinciphile (IQ).

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungaxilonga i-Cannabis Use Disorder. Esikhundleni salokho, abahlinzeki bezempilo bazobheka ngokuningiliziwe umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokuziphatha okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis. Bangase futhi benze izivivinyo zezidakamizwa.

Njengoba kuvamile ukuthi abantu abane-CUD babe nenkinga yempilo yengqondo, udokotela uzobuza nangomlando wakho wempilo yengqondo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-Cannabis Use Disorder, okungenani izimpawu ezimbili esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni kumele zibe khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12 .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-`CUD` ingaba khona emazingeni ahlukene:

• `CUD` encane: Izimpawu ezimbili noma ezintathu.
• `CUD` ephakathi nendawo: Izimpawu ezine noma ezinhlanu.
• I-CUD Enzima: Izimpawu eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ze-Cannabis Use Disorder. Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besimo, futhi kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu - ungadinga ukwelashwa okuhlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-CUD iyisimo esingamahlalakhona esingaphinde sibuye, kudingeka ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze ukwelashwa kuphumelele.

Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abane-CUD bavame ukuba nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, ngokuvamile kungcono ukuzelapha ndawonye kunokuzihlukanisa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-CUD:

1. Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni.

2. Izindlela zokwelapha zengqondo nezokuziphatha.

Futhi, kunezindawo nezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola ukwelashwa:

• Ukwelulekwa kweziguli zangaphandle.
• Ukwelashwa okujulile kwangaphandle.
• Ukwelashwa ngaphakathi kwesiguli.
• Imiphakathi yokwelapha yesikhathi eside, njengemiphakathi yokuhlala uphilile.

Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni (ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni)

Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni kuhilela ukuyeka ukusebenzisa insangu nokuyivumela ukuthi iphume emzimbeni wakho. Kuye ngokuthi i-CUD yakho ibucayi kangakanani, udokotela angase ancome ukuthi unciphise kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwakho (ukunciphisa) ukuze unciphise imiphumela yokuhoxa. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu ekwelashweni kwe-CUD. Ungase ukhishwe ubuthi emzimbeni wakho ulaliswe esibhedlela noma ngaphandle kwesibhedlela.

Ososayensi okwamanje bacwaninga ngemithi yokususa ukungcola kwensangu.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo nokuziphatha

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma) kungasiza ekwelapheni i-CUD nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezenzeka kanyekanye. Ukwelashwa kufundisa nezindlela zokubhekana nezimo ezinempilo.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase batuse izindlela zokwelapha zengqondo nezokuziphatha zodwa noma zihlanganiswe nemithi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zabantu abadala abane-CUD zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): I-CBT iyindlela ehlelekile negxile emigomweni yokwelapha kwengqondo. Ku-CBT, umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uyakusiza ukuthi ubheke ngokujulile imicabango nemizwa yakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka imicabango nokuziphatha okungenampilo futhi uthuthukise amaphethini nemikhuba yokucabanga enempilo. I-CBT ye-CUD igxile nasekushukumiseni ushintsho, ukufundisa ngokwelashwa, kanye nokuvimbela ukubuyela emuva.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokukhuluma (i-DBT): I-DBT iphumelela kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokulawula nokulawula imizwa yabo. I-DBT iboniswe ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni nasekuphatheni izimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa ne-CUD.
• Ukwelashwa Komphakathi Ozibophezelayo (ACT): I-ACT inikeza izinsizakalo zempilo yengqondo emphakathini, hhayi endaweni yokuhlala noma esibhedlela. I-ACT iyindlela yokwelapha eyenzelwe umuntu ngamunye. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lusekelwe emandleni akho, ezidingweni zakho, kanye nemigomo yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
• Imiphakathi Yokwelapha (ama-TC): Ama-TC ayindlela yokwelapha yokuhlala yesikhathi eside esiza abantu abane-CUD ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha nezinempilo kanye nokuziphatha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezimo zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene.
• Ukuphathwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo (CM): I-CM ihilela ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo ngokuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle. Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-CUD banikezwa okuthile okunenani lemali ukuze babakhuthaze ukuba bagweme ukusebenzisa insangu. Isibonelo, uma uthola umphumela ongemuhle ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa, unethuba lokuwina umklomelo noma ivawusha yesipho.

Ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini okuzisiza njengeMarijuana Anonymous nakho kungadlala indima enkulu ekwelashweni kwe-CUD.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu onokukhubazeka kokusebenzisa insangu angalulindela?

Ukubikezela kwe-Cannabis Use Disorder kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Uhlobo kanye nobukhali be-`CUD`.
• Izinga lokuncika ezidakamizweni kanye nobunzima obukhona ekuyekeni.
• Ukuzibophezela ekuzithibeni ngokuphelele ekuzithibeni izidakamizwa.
• Isikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Izici zofuzo.
• Ubhekana kanjani nokucindezeleka?

Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa ne-Cannabis Use Disorder, ziyizifo zokuphila konke. Kodwa-ke, ungalulama futhi uphile impilo egcwele. Ukuthola usizo kubalulekile ukuze ululame. Abantu abahlukene bathola izindlela ezahlukene zisebenza kahle, kodwa ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kanye namaqembu okuzisiza kusiza abantu abaningi.

I-CUD yisifo esibuyela emuva. Uma uselulama, usengozini enkulu yokubuyela emuva. Lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokusebenzisa insangu okokugcina.

Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde ubuye, uzodinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa nawe futhi alulungise ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo zakho ezishintshayo.

Ungakugwema kanjani lokhu 'Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenzisa Insangu'?

Ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwensangu, iyanda kakhulu ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka kanye noshintsho empilweni. Kumuntu omdala, ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa inganda ngenxa yezinto ezifana nesehlukaniso, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, noma ukufa kothandekayo. Kumntwana omncane, ingozi inganda ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuthutha, isehlukaniso somndeni, noma ukushintsha isikole.

Ngezikhathi zoshintsho olufana nalezi, kubalulekile ukuzibandakanya namasu okubhekana nezimo anempilo, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla, noma ukufunda into entsha yokuzilibazisa. Uma unenkinga yokulawula ukucindezeleka kwakho, cabanga ngokubona umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Cannabis Use Disorder iyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yempilo yengqondo kanye nesimo sobuchopho. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezenzeka ebuchosheni bakho, kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-cannabis, noma ngabe ufuna. Uma wena noma umuntu omthandayo ene-Cannabis Use Disorder, khuluma nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe angakuqondisa ekwelashweni okudingayo. Khumbula, ukucela usizo akusibo ubuthakathaka, kungamandla! Awuwedwa, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza kulolu hambo.

I- cannabis, i-Marijuana, Isifo Sokusetshenziswa Kwe-Cannabis, Izidakamizwa, Umlutha, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukwelashwa