Okudingeka ukwazi ngamathumba e-lung carcinoid

Uke wakhwehlela isikhashana? Mhlawumbe kuhambisana ne-phlegm? Noma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya? Sivame ukukhohlwa ngalezi zinto, sicabanga ukuthi ziwumkhuhlane nje ovamile. Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, kungase kube nokunye okungemuva kwesibonakaliso esincane kangaka okudingeka sikunake. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Leso yi-Lung Carcinoid Tumors.

Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zimila ze-carcinoid zamaphaphu?

Lokhu kudinga incazelo encane. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli emzimbeni wethu olungolwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nohlelo lwama-hormone. Sibiza lawa maseli e-neuroendocrine. Cabanga ngalawa maseli njengabaxhumanisi emzimbeni wethu. Uma umyalezo uvela ohlelweni lwezinzwa, umsebenzi wawo ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ukuphendula kuwo nokulawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emzimbeni. Isibonelo, lawa maseli asiza ukulawula indlela umoya wethu ophefumula ngayo emaphashini kanye nendlela ukudla okudlula ngayo endleleni yokugaya ukudla.

Ngakho-ke, ngesizathu esithile, lapho la maseli e-neuroendocrine eqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokungalawuleki, amathumba akheka kulezo zindawo. Sibiza amathumba e-lung carcinoid ngokuthi amathumba anomdlavuza aqala kula maseli e-neuroendocrine emaphashini.

Kodwa ungesabi uma uzwa igama elithi "umdlavuza." Ngoba kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zimila ze-carcinoid. Lezi zimo ezimbili zihlukile kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-cyst e-cassinoid

Zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokukhula kwazo kanye nekhono lazo lokusabalala.

Yiziphi izimpawu zalesi simo?

Esikhathini esiningi, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimila ezivamile, azikho izimpawu . Zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se-X-ray yesifuba ngesinye isizathu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo (ngezinye izikhathi kuba negazi noma i-mucus)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukuzwa umsindo omncane 'wokushaya ikhwela' lapho uphefumula (ukushaya umoya)

Isimo esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Carcinoid Syndrome

Akuvamile kakhulu, lezi zimila ziqala ukukhiqiza i-hormone i-serotonin eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukungalingani kwama-hormone emzimbeni, okuholela ezimpawini ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-carcinoid syndrome . Izimpawu zayo zifaka:

• Uhudo olubi kakhulu
• Ukubomvu noma umuzwa wokufudumala ebusweni nasentanyeni (ukushawa)
• Ukwanda kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma

Uma lezi zimpawu zikhona, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kungani izimila zenza lokhu? Ingabe zikhona izinto eziyingozi?

Eqinisweni, isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani la maseli e-neuroendocrine eqala ukuhlukana ngokungazelelwe asikatholakali .

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu kutholakale ukuthi basengozini enkulu yokuba nalesi simo. Lezi zici zifaka:

• Ukuba nesifo esingavamile, esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
• Ukubhema (ikakhulukazi kohlobo olungavamile)
• Ukuba ngowesifazane (abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuba nalesi simo)
• Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 nengama-55. Nakuba lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kuleli qembu leminyaka, singavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ngisho nasezinganeni ezincane kakhulu.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, kufanele uqale ubonane nodokotela wakho. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, alalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, futhi, uma ungabaza, ancome ezinye izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

1. Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba . Uma kutholakala noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, kungacelwa i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) . I-CT scan ingaveza izithombe ezicacile kakhulu zamaphaphu, okuvumela usayizi nendawo yesimila ukuthi kutholakale.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ama-hormone athile akhiqizwa yilezi zimila akhona yini egazini noma emchameni.

3. I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngo-100%. Lapha, kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esigaxeni bese kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kunganquma ngqo ukuthi isigaxa siyisigaxa se-carcinoid, esivamile noma esingajwayelekile. Indlela evame kakhulu esetshenziswa ukuthola lesi sampula sezicubu yi -bronchoscopy . Lapha, kudluliswa ithubhu elincane elinekhamera encane emigwaqweni yomoya ukuze kuhlolwe isigaxa bese kuthathwa ingxenye encane.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwakho kuzoncika ohlotsheni, usayizi, indawo yesimila, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimila eziningi ze-carcinoid zamaphaphu zingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa kuphela.

Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlinzwa:
• Ukususwa kwe-Lobectomy: Ukususwa okuphelele kwe-lobe yamaphaphu lapho kukhona khona isimila.
• Ukususwa kwe-Wedge: Ukususwa kwesimila kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezisizungezile.
• Ukususwa kwe-Pneumonectomy: Akuvamile kakhulu, wonke amaphaphu angadinga ukususwa.
• Ukususwa kwama-lymph node: Udokotela ohlinzayo angase anqume ukususa ama-lymph node aseduze ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini futhi avimbele ukusabalala okwengeziwe.

• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa uma ukuhlinzwa kungakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele isimila noma uma isiguli sisesimweni sezokwelapha esenza ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki. Kuhilela imisebe yangaphandle noma ukubekwa kwezinto ezincane ezinemisebe eduze kwesimila (brachytherapy).

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimila zikhula kancane, i-chemotherapy evamile, ehlasela amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha, ayisebenzi kahle. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwelashwa akuvamile ukunikezwa ezinhlotsheni ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kungadingeka ezinhlotsheni ezikhula ngokushesha ezingavamile noma lapho sezisakazekele kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

• Eminye imithi:
• I-Octreotide: Lo muthi wama-hormone unikezwa ukulawula izimpawu ezibangelwa yi-carcinoid syndrome.
• Izithibi ze-MTOR (isib. i-Everolimus): Uhlobo lomuthi ovimbela ukukhula kwesimila.

Liyini izinga lokululama kanye nombono?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi.

Izimila ze-carcinoid ezingavamile ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuzelapha. Ingozi yokuphinda zivele iphakeme kancane. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene.

Sekukonke, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimila zamaphaphu ezibangela umdlavuza liphezulu kakhulu ngo-89% . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu abayi-100 abatholakale benalesi sifo, abangu-89 basaphilile ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuphelelwa umoya, isifo sohudo, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, yazisa udokotela wakho. Unganqikazi ukukhuluma nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka.

Isikhathi sokuya e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha

Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya kakhulu (ngisho noma uphumule).
• Ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obusha noma obuya buba bubi.
• Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis).

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo uma uthola ukuxilongwa okunje. Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe lokhu kuyinto evamile noma engavamile?
• Ingabe lokhu sekusabalele nakwezinye izindawo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Iyini inhloso yalolu hlobo lwesimila?
• Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ekhaya?

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwanoma yimuphi umdlavuza kuyinto enzima. Kodwa khumbula, iningi lama-carcinoid emaphashini ayelapheka kakhulu futhi anengozi encane yokuphinda avele. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ngalokho ongakulindela ngesimo sakho. Bazokuchazela izinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.