I-Asthma: Konke Okufanele Ukwazi - Nirogi Lanka

I-asthma , evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchial asthma, yisimo esingamahlalakhona esithinta amaphaphu akho. Senzeka lapho ulwelwesi lwendlela yakho yomoya luvuvukala futhi luvuvukala, okubangela ukuba lunciphe futhi lugcwale ulwelwesi. Lokhu kwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima. Nakuba i-asthma iyisimo sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona) esingelapheki ngokugcwele, ungayiphatha ngempumelelo ngemithi efanele nangokulandela isiqondiso sikadokotela wakho.

I-Asthma ikhula kanjani?

Ngokuvamile, uma uphefumula, imisipha ezungeze izindlela zakho zokuphefumula ihlala ikhululekile, ivumela umoya ukuthi ugeleze ngokukhululeka. Kodwa-ke, uma une-asthma, kuvela ukusabela okulandelayo:

I-Bronchospasm:

Imisipha ezungeze indlela yakho yokuphefumula iyaqina (iyaqina). Lokhu kunciphisa imigudu yomoya, okwenza kube nzima ngawe ukuphefumula.

Ukuvuvukala:

Ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwemigudu yakho yomoya luyavuvukala, okuqhubeka nokuvimba ukuhamba komoya.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus:

Umzimba wakho ukhiqiza i-mucus eningi, evimba izindlela zakho zokuphefumula ezinciphile.

Uma lezi zici ezintathu zenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu, okuvame ukubangela umsindo "wokuphefumula". Lesi sigameko saziwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma (noma ukukhushulwa/ukuqhuma). Uma ubhekene nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, sicela ufune usizo oluphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze.

Izinhlobo ze-Asthma

I-asthma ingahlukaniswa ngokwezimbangela kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu:

Kususelwa ku-Triggers:

• I-Allergic Asthma : Ibangelwa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba njengothuli, impova , noma i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo.
• I-asthma engabangelwa yi-allergy: Ibangelwa yizici ezifana nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukugula kokuphefumula, noma umoya obandayo.

Ngokusekelwe ku-Imvamisa Yezimpawu:

• I-Asthma Engapheli: Izimpawu zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kunokuba zivele nsuku zonke.
• I-Asthma Eqhubekayo: Izimpawu zenzeka njalo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kabanzi ngokuthi kuncane, kuphakathi, noma kukhulu, kuye ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zingakanani kangaki.

Ngokusekelwe Ebudaleni Bokuqala:

• I-asthma eqala kubantu abadala: I-asthma eqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-18.
• I-asthma Yabantwana/Ebuntwaneni: I-asthma iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5. Ezinye izingane ziyayishiya, kodwa uma ingane yakho isitholakale inesifo, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngohlelo lokuphatha nodokotela wezingane zakho futhi ugcine i-inhaler yokutakula itholakala kalula ukuze isetshenziswe ngokushesha.

Ezinye Izinhlobo:

• I-Asthma/ i-bronchospasm ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca: Izimpawu ezibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba.
• I-Occupational Asthma: Ibangelwa ukuchayeka emsebenzini (isib. ufulawa, uthuli lwezinkuni, noma izinto ezicasulayo ngamakhemikhali ).
• Isifo Sokugqagqana Kwesifuba Ne-COPD (I-ACOS ): Isimo lapho une-asthma kanye ne-COPD ( Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu ), zombili izimo zamaphaphu ezingapheli ezithinta ukuhamba komoya.

Ubani ongathola i-asthma?

Noma ubani angaba ne-asthma kunoma yimuphi ubudala, nakuba ungase ube sengozini enkulu uma:

• Uhlushwa yi-allergies.
• Ungumuntu obhemayo noma uhlala ubhema intuthu ebhemayo esetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu noma eyethu.
• Ungowesifazane, njengoba ngokwezibalo, ukusabalala kwe-asthma kuphezulu kwabesifazane.
• Ungowokudabuka e-Afrika, njengoba ucwaningo lubonisa amazinga aphezulu okusabalala kwalesi sifo kubantu abamnyama.

Izimbangela kanye Nezici Zengozi

Nakuba imbangela eqondile ye-asthma ingakacaci, ingozi yakho yanda kakhulu ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukungezwani komzimba: Isici esiyinhloko esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa i-asthma.
• Izici Zemvelo: Ukuchayeka entuthwini, othulini, noma kumakhemikhali. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezinamasosha omzimba asakhula .
• Izakhi zofuzo: Umlando womndeni we-asthma wandisa ingozi yakho.
• Izifo Zokuphefumula : Izifo ezinzima zasebuntwaneni (njenge-RSV) zingalimaza izicubu zamaphaphu futhi zandise ingozi yesikhathi eside ye-asthma.

Izinto Ezibangela Ukuhlaselwa Yisifuba Somoya

Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma kubangelwa uma uthinta into ozwela kakhulu noma onayo i-allergy. Ukusabela kungase kwenzeke ngokushesha noma kubambezeleke ngamahora noma izinsuku. Nakuba izimbangela ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, okulandelayo kuyizinkinga ezivamile kubantu abaningi:

• Ukungcoliswa komoya: Lokhu kuhlanganisa intuthu evela ezimbonini, ukukhishwa kwentuthu yezimoto , kanye nentuthu evela emlilweni wasendle.
• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi zidalwa ezincane kakhulu zihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindlu. Ziwumthombo ovamile we-asthma ebangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Kwabanye, ukuvivinya umzimba kungaba yimbangela yezimpawu ze-asthma.
• Isikhunta: Ukukhula kwesikhunta ezindaweni ezimanzi kungabangela i-asthma, ngisho nakulabo abangavamile ukungezwani naso.
• Izinambuzane: Ukuhlasela kwamaphela, amagundane, nezinye izinambuzane zasekhaya kungabhebhethekisa i-asthma.
• Izilwane Ezifuywayo: Uma uzwela izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba nezilwane, ukuthintana ne-pet dander (amabala amancane esikhumba) kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.
• Intuthu kagwayi:Uma ubhema, noma uvame ukubhema intuthu ebhemayo, ingozi yakho yokuba ne-asthma iyanda kakhulu. Gwema ukubhema ezindaweni ezivalekile njengezimoto noma ngaphakathi endlini. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha empilweni yakho.
• Amakhemikhali noma amaphunga anamandla: Ukuchayeka kumaphunga anamandla, njengeziqholo noma imikhiqizo yokuhlanza eqinile, kungabangela izimpawu kwabanye abantu.
• Ukuchayeka emsebenzini: Izindawo ezithile zomsebenzi zingakuchaya othulini, ezinhlayiyeni zokhuni, noma kumakhemikhali angase abangele noma enze i-asthma ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Indlela yokubona izimpawu ze-asthma

Nakuba izimpawu zingafana nezinye izimo zokuphefumula, abantu abane-asthma bavame ukubhekana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba, ubuhlungu, noma ingcindezi.
• Ukukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Umsindo wokuphefumula uma uphefumula.

Okubalulekile: Akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, futhi izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu—noma zihluke kuwe kusukela ekuhlaselweni okukodwa kuya kokulandelayo.

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela wakho uzohlola umlando wakho wezokwelapha, izimpawu, kanye nesizinda somndeni, futhi angase ancome ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• I-Spirometry: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho angabamba umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungawukhipha ngamandla kangakanani. Kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-asthma nokulandelela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani.
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba - Ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini okungaba khona ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Asthma

Kunemithi ehlukahlukene etholakala ukusiza ukuphatha izindlela zakho zokuphefumula nokulawula i-asthma yakho.

• Ama-Bronchodilator: Lawa asiza ukukhulula imisipha ezungeze izindlela zakho zokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Atholakala njenge-inhaler yokusiza ngokushesha (yokusindisa) yezimpawu eziphuthumayo noma imithi yokulawula yesikhathi eside yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa.
• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Le mithi ivame ukuthathwa nsuku zonke ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala kanye nokuvuvukala emigudwini yakho yokuphefumula.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-biologic: Lokhu kugcinelwe iziguli ezine-asthma enzima ezinezimpawu ezingalawulwa ngokwanele yi-inhaler ejwayelekile.

Imithi inganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Izifutho Zokuphefumula: Lezi ziletha imithi ngqo emaphashini akho. Izinhlobo zifaka phakathi izifutho zomthamo olinganiselwe (i-MDI) kanye nezifutho zomphunga owomile (i-DPI).
• Ama-Nebulizer: Lawa aguqula imithi ewuketshezi ibe yinkungu encane ongayiphefumula.
• Imithi yomlomo: Amaphilisi noma uketshezi oluthathwa ngomlomo.

Ukulawulwa Kwesifuba Somoya

Ukulawula i-asthma okuphumelelayo kusho:

• Ungakwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, ekhaya nasemsebenzini.
• Izimpawu zakho zincane noma azikho nhlobo.
• Akudingeki njalo ukuthi usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho.
• Ungalala kahle ubusuku bonke ngaphandle kokuvuswa yi-asthma.

Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Asthma

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lwe-Asthma Action Plan, oluchaza indlela yokuphatha imithi yakho nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuvela. Kubalulekile ukulandela lolu hlelo eduze. Ngokuvamile luhlanganisa:

• Uhlobo lwakho oluthile lwe-asthma.
• Izimbangela zakho ezaziwayo.
• Amagama emithi yakho nokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.
• Imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izimpawu zakho zincane, ziphakathi nendawo, noma zinzima.
• Oxhumana nabo abaphuthumayo uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa.

Ukuqapha Izimpawu

Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu zakho ze-asthma zenzeka nini nokuthi zizizwa kanjani. Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi usebenzise “i-peak flow meter.” Le divayisi ilinganisa ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ngamandla kangakanani emaphashini akho. Isiza udokotela wakho ukuthi alandelele ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani, alungise imithamo yemithi yakho njengoba kudingeka, futhi athole ukuqubuka kwe-asthma okungaba khona ngaphambi kokuba kube kubi kakhulu.

Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Asthma (Ukuvimbela)

Uma une-asthma, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuyilawula ukuhlonza nokugwema izinto ezikubangelayo. Nakuba i-asthma ingenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile.

Uyini umbono womuntu one-asthma? (Umbono/Isibikezelo)

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba akusho ukuthi impilo yakho imisiwe. Ngesiqondiso esifanele sezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ungaphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo, nejabulisayo. Abadlali abaningi abasezingeni lomhlaba, isibonelo, baphumelele kakhulu ngenkathi belawula isifo sofuba sabo.

Ukuphila Ne-Asthma

Landela Uhlelo lwakho Lokusebenza Lwe-Asthma.

Leli ithuluzi lakho elibaluleke kakhulu lempumelelo.

Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe.

Namathela esimisweni sakho futhi ungalokothi weqe imithamo yakho.

Gwema izinto ezibangela lokhu.

Gwema izinto noma izindawo ezibangela izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.

Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Yidla kahle, uvivinye umzimba njalo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ulala ngokwanele.

Kuthiwani uma uhlaselwa yi-asthma enzima?

Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sofuba esibi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila. Funa usizo olusheshayo.

• Okokuqala, sebenzisa "i-rescue inhaler" yakho ngokushesha. Uma ungatholi impumuzo zingakapheli imizuzu engama-20, yisebenzise futhi.
• Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, noma uma ungenayo i-inhaler yakho, shayela u-911 noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:
  • Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukwesaba.
  • Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinzipho zakho, ezindebeni, noma ezinsinini (lokhu kungase kubonakale kumpunga noma kumhlophe esikhumbeni esimnyama).
  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba noma ingcindezi.
  • Ukukhwehlela njalo noma ukuphefumula kanzima.
  • Ubunzima bokukhuluma.
  • Ubuso obuphaphathekile, obujulukile.
  • Ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okukhandlekayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)

I-Asthma kanye nama-Respiratory Virus (isb., i-COVID-19)

Uma une-asthma, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela kumagciwane okuphefumula, okungase kuholele ekulalisweni esibhedlela. Kubalulekile ukugqoka imaski ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, uhlale unolwazi ngemithi yokugoma, futhi ugweme ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo.

Ngokufigqiwe:

I-asthma iyisimo esivamile. Ngokuqonda impilo yakho nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo, unganciphisa umthelela wayo empilweni yakho. Uma uzizwa ngisho noshintsho oluncane ekuphefumuleni kwakho, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Khumbula, awuwedwa; ithimba lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangani eNirogi Lanka balapha ukuzokusekela.