Ngalobo busuku obubandayo, ngesikhathi ngiphuza itiye elishisayo ekamelweni lami, umnyango wekliniki yethu wazwakala ngokuzumayo. Lapho ngivula umnyango, uShalini, omunye wabangane bami abakhulu, wayekhathazekile kakhulu. Wayephethe indodana yakhe encane, uDinuka.
UDinuka wayebonakala ephefumula kanzima, isifuba sakhe sihamba phezulu naphansi ngobunzima obukhulu. Njengodokotela, ngangibone iziguli eziningi ezinjalo emtholampilo, kodwa ukubona ingane yomngane wami isesimweni esinzima kangaka kwangenza ngazizwa ngesaba kakhulu. Ngazithatha ngokushesha.
"Dokotela Priya, uDinuka uvame ukukhwehlela uma uphethwe umkhuhlane. Kodwa namuhla ebusuku kube kubi kakhulu. Unenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngiyesaba, dokotela," kusho uShalini ngezwi elikhalayo.
Ngesikhathi uDinuka ehlolwa, kwatholakala ukuthi une -asthma yasebuntwaneni, okuyisimo esivamile ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-asthma yasebuntwaneni, izimpawu zayo, nokuthi abazali kufanele benzeni ngokushesha uma ingane yabo ihlaselwa yi-asthma.
Kuyini i-asthma?
I-asthma yisifo sokuphefumula sesikhathi eside esibangelwa ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokuzwela kwemigudu yomoya emincane emaphashini ethu.
Uma le migudu yokuphefumula ivuvukala futhi incipha futhi igcwele ulwelwesi, umoya ongena futhi ophuma emaphashini uyavaleka. Yilokho okwenzeka kuDinuka. "Shalini, kufana nokuphefumula ngepayipi eligoqekayo. Uma umuntu ecindezela ipayipi eliphakathi, ngeke ukwazi ukuphefumula, akunjalo? Umzimba kaDinuka nawo udlula entweni efanayo," ngachazela uShalini kalula.
Ingabe kuvamile ukuba izingane zibe nesifo sofuba?
Yebo. I-asthma yisifo esingamahlalakhona esivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ingane eyodwa kwezine noma ezinhlanu izoba nezimpawu ze-asthma ebuntwaneni.
Kuvamile ikakhulukazi ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neyi-8. Ezinye izingane ziyakhula zidlule kulesi sifo njengoba zikhula, kanti ezinye zingase ziqhubeke naso zize zibe ngabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuphathwa, ingane ingakwazi ukudlala nokuphila impilo esebenzayo njengenjwayelo.
Izimpawu Zesifuba Somoya Ebuntwaneni
Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi ingane ine-asthma:
- Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli: Ukukhwehlela okomile okwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ekuseni kakhulu, noma lapho ingane ikhathele ukudlala.
- Ukuphefumula: Umsindo omncane othi "whoosh" noma "whoosh" ovela esifubeni, ofana nomtshingo, lapho ingane ikhipha umoya.
- Ukuphelelwa Ukuphefumula: Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ukuqina Kwesifuba: Ingane ingase ichaze isifuba njengesibuhlungu noma esiqinile (izingane ezincane zingase zichaze lokhu njengobuhlungu besisu).
- Ukukhathala: Ukungafuni ukuzivocavoca noma ukudlala nokukhathala ngokushesha.
Izimbangela zokuhlaselwa yi-asthma
Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingacasula imigudu yomoya yengane ene-asthma:
- Umkhuhlane kanye ne-flu: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya.
- Izifo zokungezwani komzimba: Izibungu zothuli lwendlu, i-dander yekati/yenja, impova, kanye nesikhunta.
- Izinguquko zesimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esibandayo, inkungu, noma ukwehla okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile.
- Ukungcoliswa komoya: intuthu kagwayi, impuphu ebomvu/uthuli, intuthu ehambisana nomiyane, kanye namaphunga anamandla.
🚨 Amafulegi Abomvu adinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha
Uma ingane ihlaselwa yi-asthma futhi kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele ishayele ucingo ku-1990 ngokushesha bese iyiyisa esibhedlela ngokushesha:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Lapho ingane iphefumula, isikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo kanye nesisekelo sentamo sidonsela ngaphakathi (Chest Retractions).
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ingane ingase ingakwazi ukukhuluma amagama amaningana ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya.
- Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Indawo ezungeze izindebe zomntwana, ulimi, noma izinzipho iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ingwevu (isibonakaliso samazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo).
- Ukozela: Ingane iba buthakathaka futhi iphelelwe amandla, futhi iba nobunzima bokuhlala iphapheme.
- Akukho mpumuzo naphezu kokusebenzisa i-blue inhaler (Reliever).
Usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma (Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Asthma)
Uma ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula, njengoba kwenza uDinuka kaShalini ngendodana yakhe, landela lezi zinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ngokushesha:
1. Hlalisa umntwana eqonde: Ungavumeli umntwana alale. Ukuhlalisa umntwana eqonde kwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
2. Yehlisa umoya: Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile, ingane izokwesaba kakhulu futhi izindlela zokuphefumula zizoncipha kakhulu. Thulisa ingane ngokuthula.
3. Nikeza i-inhaler eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Reliever - Ventolin) ngedivayisi yokuhlukanisa:
- Shukumisa kahle i-inhaler bese uyinamathisela ku-spacer.
- Beka imaski ngokuqinile ebusweni bengane bese uyiphafuza kanye .
- Vumela ingane iphefumule ngendlela evamile izikhathi ezine ngesikhala.
- Ngale ndlela, shaya ama-pumps ama-4 (okukodwa ngokwahlukana) zingakapheli imizuzu emi-4 .
4. Linda imizuzu emi-4: Uma ukuphefumula kwengane kungabuyeli esimweni esijwayelekile, phinda uphefumele izikhathi ezine ngokulandela izinyathelo ezingenhla.
5. Yisa esibhedlela: Uma isimo singathuthuki, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha bese uyisa esibhedlela. Ngesikhathi usendleleni eya esibhedlela, nikeza i-inhaler ama-pumps ama-4 njalo ngemizuzu emi-4.
Ukwelashwa nokulawulwa kwesikhathi eside
Odokotela batusa kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili ze-inhaler ukulawula i-asthma:
- Ama-inhaler okuqeda ubuhlungu (ngokuvamile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka): Asetshenziswa kuphela lapho ukuphefumula kunzima ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma (isib. i-Ventolin/Salbutamol).
- Izinto zokuvimbela (ngokuvamile ezinsundu, ezibomvu noma ezi-orenji): Lezi kufanele zisetshenziswe nsuku zonke ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela ukulawula i-asthma. Zinciphisa kancane kancane ukuvuvukala kanye ne-mucus emigwaqweni yomoya.
Ake sakhe ikhaya elilungele i-asthma (Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya)
- Vimbela ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ungavumeli muntu ukuba abheme ngaphakathi endlini noma ezindaweni lapho ingane ichitha khona isikhathi.
- Lawula uthuli: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhethini aminyene namakhaphethi ekhaya. Geza futhi womise imibhede yengane yakho kanye ngesonto emanzini ashisayo cishe kuma-degree Celsius angu-60.
- Izilwane ezifuywayo: Vimbela izinja namakati ukuthi angangeni ekamelweni lokulala lengane.
Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze
| ✔️ Izinto okufanele uzenze (Okufanele Uzenze) | ❌ Okungafanele ukwenze |
|---|---|
| Sebenzisa njalo idivayisi yokuhlukanisa lapho usebenzisa i-inhaler. | Ungalokothi ulalise ingane noma uyishiye yodwa uma ihlaselwa yi-asthma. |
| Sebenzisa i-Preventer inhaler oyinikezwe udokotela wakho nsuku zonke njengoba uyalelwe. | Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yakho yansuku zonke ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela uma izimpawu zakho seziphelile okwesikhashana. |
| Yazisa isikole/isikole sabantwana abancane ukuthi ingane yakho ine-asthma nokuthi yini okufanele iyenze esimweni esiphuthumayo. | Ungenzi izinto ezifana nokususa uthuli noma ukuhlanza nge-vacuum ngenkathi ingane isegumbini. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo)
Ingabe izingane ziba umlutha wokusebenzisa ama-inhaler? ▼
Cha. Izingane aziba umlutha wokusebenzisa ama-inhaler. Njengoba i-inhaler iletha umuthi ngqo emaphashini, inzuzo enkulu itholakala ngomthamo omncane kakhulu, futhi imiphumela emibi mincane uma iqhathaniswa namaphilisi noma amasiraphu.
Ingabe ingane ene-asthma ingadlala futhi ihlanganyele kwezemidlalo? ▼
Yebo, impela. Izingane ezine-asthma elawulwa kahle zingahlanganyela kunoma yimuphi umdlalo njenganoma yimuphi omunye umntwana. Okudingekayo nje ukunikeza i-inhaler yazo yokunciphisa umzimba imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokudlala, njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wazo.
Ingabe kuyimpoqo ukusebenzisa i-spacer uma unikeza ingane i-inhaler ?
Yebo, kuyimpoqo ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokuhlukanisa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 ubudala. Uma i-inhaler ibanjwe ngqo emlonyeni ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa, iningi lomuthi lizohlala emphinjeni nasolimini bese lingena esiswini esikhundleni sokufinyelela emaphashini. I-spacer iqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ungena kahle emaphashini.
Ingabe i-asthma ezinganeni iyathuthuka ngokuphelele njengoba zikhula? ▼
I-asthma ivame ukuphela ngokuphelele ezinganeni eziningi njengoba amaphaphu azo kanye nemigudu yomoya ikhula (ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-6). Kodwa-ke, ingaqhubeka isikhathi eside kwezinye izingane ezinomlando womndeni wokungezwani komzimba.
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