Ingabe nawe une-carotid artery evalekile entanyeni yakho? Ake sifunde konke ngayo!

O, wake wacabanga ukuthi kungaba yinkinga enkulu kangakanani uma imithambo yegazi emikhulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu ivaleka? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingakhula kancane kancane futhi ngokuzumayo sivule indlela yesimo esisongela ukuphila njengesihlava . Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Carotid Artery Stenosis .

Kuyini i-Carotid Artery Stenosis?

Kalula nje, i-Carotid Artery Stenosis yisimo lapho i-Carotid Artery ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yakho, imithambo yegazi eyinhloko ethwala igazi ebuchosheni bakho, ebusweni nasekhanda, ivinjelwa ngaphakathi. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi elivalekile ngokungcola nokugqwala, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu kuvinjelwa ukunqwabelana kwento ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Leli 'plaque' lakhiwe kakhulu ngama-cholesterol deposits anamafutha .

Sinemithambo emibili ye-carotid ohlangothini ngalunye lwentamo yethu. Kumuntu ophilile, le mithambo ifana nombhobho ohlanzekile, onegazi eligeleza kahle ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. Leli gazi yilo elithwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingwa ubuchopho bethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-plaque inqwabelana komunye noma yomibili yale mithambo yegazi, inani legazi eligeleza ebuchosheni liyancipha. Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lesi simo siyakhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uma singelashwa, singaholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi okuyingozi, ngisho nokufa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-5% wabantu abavamile bangaba nalesi simo. Ngokusho kwe-American Stroke Association , isifo sohlangothi siyimbangela yesihlanu ehamba phambili yokufa. Ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid, kanye nesifo sohlangothi, iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Okusho ukuthi, kuyinto ekhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zalokhu?

Kunezici eziningana ezibangela i-carotid artery stenosis. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi singazilawula ezinye zazo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi nogwayi: Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ezifweni eziningi. Ukubhema konakalisa imithambo yegazi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokunqwabelana kwama-plaque.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Njengezinye izifo ezihambisana namafutha omzimba , ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kuyakuthinta lokhu.
• Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi: Le ngozi iphezulu kumuntu osebenza esihlalweni usuku lonke futhi ongawuvivinyi umzimba.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophezulu / Umfutho wegazi ophakeme):Uma ingcindezi ikhuphuka, izindonga zemithambo yegazi zingalimala, okwenza kube lula ukuthi i-plaque yakheke.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Uma izinga le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu, isithako esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwe-'plaque' esikhulume ngayo siyatholakala.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuthola izinkinga zemithambo yegazi. Isifo sikashukela sishintsha izindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi i-plaque yakheke.
• Ubudala: Njengoba ukhula, ingozi yakho yezifo eziningi iyanda ngokwemvelo. Lokhu akuhlukile.

Uma kuhlanganiswe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zici, ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid iyanda kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Ngokuvamile, ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid akubangeli zimpawu kuze kube yilapho kuvela isifo sohlangothi . Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho i-plaque emthanjeni iphuka, noma kwakheka i-clot yegazi ku-plaque bese iya ebuchosheni, ivimbe umthambo wegazi omncane ebuchosheni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-ischemic stroke . Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kunqamuka ngale ndlela, amangqamuzana obuchopho ancishwa umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba bese eqala ukufa.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yi-stroke enkulu. Lokhu kufana "nokuhlaselwa yi-mini-stroke." Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni uvaleka okwesikhashana bese uphinda uvuleke. I-TIA iyisibonakaliso esibucayi sesixwayiso sokuthi kuyeza isifo sohlangothi esikhulu.

Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma izimpawu ze-TIA ziphela ngemizuzu embalwa, ungakuzibi. Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi esikhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA?

Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo. Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu , kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha :

• Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luyagoba: Uma ucelwa ukuba umomotheke, uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso alukwazi ukumomotheka kahle.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya amagama: Kuba nzima ngabanye ukuqonda okushiwoyo, futhi amagama ayagwinya.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kokubona kwelinye iso: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liwela phambi kwelinye iso.
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba: ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo noma umlenze, ubunzima bokuhamba.

Ungasebenzisa isifinyezo esithi FAST ukukhumbula lezi zici:

• F - Ubuso Obugobile
• A - Ubuthakathaka Bengalo
• S - Ubunzima Bokukhuluma
• T - Isikhathi sokushayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo (ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha)

Ngisho noma kukhona ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid, kungabangela ukukhubazeka.Uma ungenawo umkhuhlane, ungase ungaziboni izimpawu. Yingakho lokhu kuyesabisa kancane.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-carotid artery stenosis itholakala ngemva kokuba izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zivele. Itholakala kuphela uma odokotela benza izivivinyo zokuthola imbangela ye-stenosis.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho udokotela ehlola intamo yakho nge-stethoscope ngesinye isizathu, angase ezwe umsindo ongavamile, umsindo wokukhala (i-bruit) ovela ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokho kungabangela nokusola ngalesi sifo.

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo futhi bathole ukuthi ukuvaleka kungakanani nokuthi kuphi:

• Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound (i-Ultrasound / i-Duplex Ultrasound): Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukukhiqiza izithombe zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula nokungenabuhlungu okwenziwa ebusweni besikhumba. Kungahlola indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvaleka noma ukuncipha.
• I-CT Angiography (I-Computed Tomography Angiography - I-CTA): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-`CT` scanner (idivayisi esebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zangaphakathi komzimba) ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi. Le dayi yenza izindawo ezivinjiwe zibonakale ngokucacile ezithombeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa nakubantu abafakelwe i-`pacemaker` noma abafakelwe ama-`stent` kwezinye izifo.
• I-Cerebral Angiography: Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola ukuxilonga. Kodwa-ke, kulolu vivinyo, i-catheter encane (ithubhu elincane) idluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi bese kuhlolwa ukuvaleka. Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa udayi ofanayo emithanjeni yegazi ukuze kubonakale imininingwane yemithambo yegazi ngokucacile. Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluyinkimbinkimbi kancane.
• I-MR Angiography (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Lokhu kufana ne-CT scan, kodwa akusebenzisi i-X-ray. Izithombe zithathwa kusetshenziswa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo. Lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola engenabuhlungu.

Uhlukanisa kanjani lokhu kuvinjelwa?

Uma bethola isifo, odokotela babheka ukuthi unaso yini lesi simo, ukuthi sibi kangakanani, nokuthi sitholakala kuphi. I-Carotid artery stenosis ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: emnene, ephakathi nendawo, kanye nenzima.

• Ukuvaleka okuncane yilapho ukuvaleka kungaphansi kuka-50%, okusho ukuthi kungaphansi kwengxenye egcwele.
• Ukuminyana okumaphakathi kuphakathi kuka-50% no-79%.
• Ukuvaleka okukhulu kuphakathi kuka-80% no-99% kokuvaleka, okusho ukuthi inani elikhulu liyavaleka. Leli izinga eliyingozi kakhulu.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha i-carotid artery stenosis ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Lokhu kuqala ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila :

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuhle.(Ukudla okunamafutha amancane, usawoti, noshukela, kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi)
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo .
• Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangase batuse ne-aspirin yansuku zonke, umthamo wezingane wokunciphisa igazi, imithi yokucindezela kwegazi, kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukuvaleka kukhulu, noma uma ubonisa izimpawu ze-TIA noma isifo sohlangothi, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlinzwa.

• Ukususwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane entanyeni, ukuvula umthambo wegazi, nokususa i-plaque eqongeleleke ngaphakathi.
• Ukufaka i-stenting: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka i -stent encane efana ne-mesh emthanjeni wegazi ovinjiwe kusetshenziswa idivayisi efana nenaliti, kwandiswe umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi. I-plaque ibe isibambeka phakathi kwe-stent nodonga lomthambo wegazi, okuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Udokotela ohlinzayo noma uchwepheshe wemithambo yegazi uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa okubili okufanele.

Akuzona zonke izithiyo zemithambo ye-carotid ezidinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukushiswa nge-stenting. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha nazo zinezingozi. Odokotela batusa lezi zindlela zokwelapha kuphela uma ingozi yokukhubazeka ngenxa yokuvinjelwa idlula izingozi zokuhlinzwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?

I-carotid artery stenosis ingaba yingozi uma ingaqashelwa futhi ingelashwa ngokushesha. Ingaholela ekukhubazekeni , ekufeni, noma ekukhubazekeni okungapheli. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma wena noma omunye umuntu ebona uphawu olunjalo.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwe-carotid artery stenosis kungasindisa izimpilo. Uma kudingeka, ukuhlinzwa kanye nokufaka i-stenting kuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Iningi labantu lihlala esibhedlela ubusuku bonke futhi lilulame ngokushesha okukhulu.

Njengoba ukhula, ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo semithambo yegazi iyanda. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuvimbela lesi simo, nokuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo . Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, nokungabhemi. Bona udokotela womndeni wakho kanye nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo njalo bese ulandela iseluleko sabo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokugcina inhliziyo yakho kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kuphilile.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Carotid Artery Stenosis yisimo lapho umthambo wegazi oyinhloko entanyeni uvalwa khona yizinhlayiya zamafutha (i-plaque). LokhuKungase kube khona isifo sohlangothi .
• Ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, kanye nokuguga yizinto eziyinhloko ezibangela lokhu.
• Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu . Kodwa-ke, uma une-'TIA' (i-mini-stroke) noma izimpawu ze-stroke (ubuso obugobile, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ubuthakathaka engalweni noma emlenzeni), hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha .
• Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound, i-CTA, kanye ne-MRA .
• Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, imithi, kanye, uma kudingeka, ukuhlinzwa (i-Carotid Endarterectomy) noma ukufakwa kwe-stent .
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukuphila impilo enempilo .

Uyaqonda? Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Carotid Artery Stenosis, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yegazi Entanyeni, Ukukhubazeka, Uhlangothi Lokushaywa Yisifo Sohlangothi, Ukugeleza Kwegazi Kuya Ebuchosheni, Amanoni Agciniwe, I-Cholesterol Ephakeme, Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme, Ukubhema, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, I-Carotid Artery Stenosis Sinhala