Wake wazibuza ukuthi kunjani uma ubeka iminwe yakho kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yakho? Leyo imithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu eshaya ngesivinini esifanayo nesenhliziyo yethu, futhi ethwala impilo ebuchosheni bethu, ebusweni, nasentanyeni . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zisebenzi ezimbili ezithule emzimbeni wethu, i-Carotid Artery. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi impilo yazo ibaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu.
Kalula nje, iyini imithambo ye-carotid?
Cabanga nje ukuthi umzimba wethu uyidolobha elikhulu. Khona-ke imithambo yegazi ifana nemigwaqo ekulowo muzi. Le migwaqo ithwala umoya-mpilo odingekayo kanye nezakhamzimba kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Ngaleyo ndlela, le mithambo ye-carotid ifana nemigwaqo emibili emikhulu eholela ebuchosheni, okuyisikhungo sokulawula somzimba wethu.
Le mithambo emibili emikhulu itholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye:
- Umthambo we-carotid ovamile kwesobunxele
- Umthambo we-carotid ovamile wesokudla
Le mithambo emibili iqala phezulu esifubeni sethu, ikhuphuke entanyeni yethu, bese ihlukana ibe amagatsha amabili amakhulu, cishe ngaphansi komhlathi wethu. Ibukeka njengohlamvu u-Y. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Carotid Bifurcation".
Lawo magatsha amabili yilawa:
1. Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphakathi: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yomgwaqo omkhulu. Ingena ngqo ekhanda, inikeze igazi ebuchosheni bethu.
2. Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphandle: Leli gatsha linikeza igazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle kwekhanda lethu, njengobuso bethu , intamo, kanye nesikhumba sekhanda .
Imithambo yegazi ehlukana ngale ndlela ihlukana ibe amagatsha amaningi amancane, ihlinzeka ngegazi elinomoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izicubu nezitho ezisekhanda nasentanyeni yethu.
Zisebenza kanjani ngempela lezi mithambo yegazi?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nowukuphela kwemithambo ye-carotid ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo eliphampa yinhliziyo liye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zekhanda ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Lolu hambo kumele lube bushelelezi futhi lusheshe.
Kodwa cabanga, bekuzokwenzekani uma udoti nodoti kuqongelela endaweni ethile kulo mgwaqo omkhulu futhi kuvimbe umgwaqo? Kungaba khona ukuminyana kwezimoto, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ezifakwa ngayo ngaphakathi kwale mithambo (esiyibiza ngokuthi `(i-Plaque)`) futhi uma umthambo uncipha, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavimbeka. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi zingase zenzeke.
Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwemithambo ye-carotid ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Le ngxenye imayelana nokwelapha kancane, kodwa ake sizame ukuyigcina ilula. Akudingeki ukhumbule wonke la magama, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba nombono oqondile wokuthi asebenza kanjani.
Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphandle
Iqala lapho ihlukana khona njengohlamvu u-Y bese ikhuphukela endlebeni. Ihlukana ibe amagatsha amakhulu angaba ngu-8. Lawa magatsha ahlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yobuso bethu, ulimi, indlala yegilo, ama-earlobes, kanye nesikhumba sekhanda. Uma uthinta isihlathi sakho, siba bomvu, futhi uma ushefa, siphuma igazi. Konke lokhu kuxhunywe emagatsheni ahlukana nalo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle.
Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphakathi
Leli yigatsha elibaluleke kakhulu. Lihamba entanyeni bese lingena ekhanda ngembobo ekhethekile phansi kwekhanda ebizwa ngokuthi ``Carotid Canal``. Uma selingaphakathi ekhanda, lo mthambo ulandela indlela egobile neyinkimbinkimbi.
Odokotela bahlukanisa lo mthambo ube yizingxenye eziningana (C1 kuya ku-C7) njengoba uhamba ekhanda, futhi bawubiza kanjalo. Akudingeki ukhumbule la magama. Kodwa uma kwenzeka uba nento efana ne-aneurysm kulo mthambo, odokotela bazosebenzisa la magama ukukutshela ukuthi ukuphi ngqo.
Ngaphakathi kwekhanda, lo mthambo uhlukana ube amagatsha amakhulu amaningana. Lawa ahlinzeka ngegazi engxenyeni enkulu yobuchopho bethu namehlo ethu .
| Uhlobo lomthambo | Umsebenzi oyinhloko | Izindawo eziyinhloko zokunikezwa kwegazi |
|---|---|---|
| Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphandle | Ukunikezwa kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle kogebhezi | Ubuso, intamo, isikhumba sekhanda, ulimi, indlala yegilo |
| Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphakathi | Ukunikezwa kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi kwekhanda | Ubuchopho (ikakhulukazi), amehlo |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta le mithambo yegazi?
Izinkinga zingavela kulezi zindlela ezinkulu. Uma ziphakama, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga eziyinhloko ezibonakala.
- Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(Stenosis)` kusho ``ukuncipha.`` Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, zakha ungqimba olujiyile lwe-`(Plaque).`` Kufana nokugqwala nokungcola okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi, kuvimbela indlela yokugeleza kwamanzi. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi `(Atherosclerosis).`` Leli `(Plaque)`` libangela ukuthi umthambo we-artery ube mncane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yawo ingaphuka futhi ivimbe umthambo wegazi omncane ebuchosheni. Noma, ihlule legazi lingakheka phezu kwaleli `(Plaque)`, elingaphuka futhi livimbe umthambo we-artery ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okwesikhashana (TIA) noma isifo sohlangothi esigcwele .
- I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Lena indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo, okubangela ukuba uqhume njengebhaluni. Amahlule egazi angakheka kulokhu kuqhuma. Futhi ingakhula ibe nkulu futhi iqhume ngokuzumayo (ukuqhuma).
- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kuwukudabuka noma ukuqhekeka kwengqimba yangaphakathi yodonga lwemithambo. Lokhu kungavimba noma kuvimbele ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kungaholela nasekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi.
- I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Lesi yisimo esingavamile lapho ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kungaholela ekuncipheni kwemithambo yegazi, ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi, noma ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu!
Abantu abaningi abanesifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid ababi nazo izimpawu. Izimpawu zivame ukwenzeka ngemva kwesimo esiphuthumayo, njengokuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) noma isifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kuwe nomndeni wakho kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo.
Uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungalibali isikhashana bese ushayela isevisi ye-ambulensi ka-1990 (Suvaseriya) ngokushesha noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso lugobile noma luzizwa lungenampilo.
- Ukungakhulumi kahle amagama, ukungakwazi ukwakha amagama, noma ukukhuluma kabi lapho ukhuluma .
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo noma ukufiphala kokubona kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo . Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liyawa phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuthakathaka, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (ingalo, umlenze) .
- Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
Cabanga nje ubaba wakho ekhuluma ngokungazelelwe, noma ubuso bakhe bubonakala budwetshwe ohlangothini olulodwa... Ungacabangi ukuthi, "Ake silinde isikhashana." Umzuzwana ngamunye ungase ubhubhise amangqamuzana obuchopho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Ungayihlola kanjani imithambo yakho ye-carotid?
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-carotid artery yakho, into yokuqala abazoyenza ukufaka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho bese belalela umsindo wegazi eligeleza kuyo. Uma i-artery inciphile, ungase uzwe umsindo ongavamile 'wokukloloda' (carotid bruit) njengoba igazi ligeleza.
Futhi, ukuze uqinisekise isimo ngokwengeziwe, ungabheka izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- I-Carotid Ultrasound: Ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubheka ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokuthi lincane kangakanani. (Linda, "বির্ভাগন" isiBengali. Kumelwe ngigweme lokho. Ngizophinda ngithi: "সাব্দা তার্থানে মালিকা..."). Ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubheka ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokuthi lincane kangakanani.
- I-CT Scan / I-CT Angiogram: Ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray.
- I-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - i-MRA): Ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi kusetshenziswa insimu yamagnetic.
- I-Carotid Angiogram: Ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukubona ngokucacile ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ngokufaka uketshezi olukhethekile kuyo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma umthambo wakho we-carotid unciphile noma uvalekile, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni umthambo unciphile kangakanani, ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi
- Imithi yokulwa nama-platelet: Imithi efana ne-aspirin inciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi: Ngenxa yokuthi umfutho wegazi ophezulu wonakalisa imithambo yegazi, kubalulekile ukuwulawula.
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol: Imithi efana ne-"Statins" inciphisa ukunqwabelana kwe-"plaque" ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
Ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuvula umthambo futhi kukhuhle i-plaque eqongeleleke ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanza umthambo futhi kubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi.
- I-Carotid Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting: Lena inqubo eyenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane. Ucingo olunebhaluni elinamathiselwe kulo ludlula endaweni encishisiwe yomthambo, bese ibhaluni livuvulwa ukuze kwandiswe indawo encishisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa ithubhu elincane elifana ne-mesh (Stent) ukuze kuvinjwe indawo ukuthi inganciphi futhi.
Ngingayigcina kanjani imithambo yami ye-carotid iphilile?
Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ugcine yonke inhliziyo yakho kanye nohlelo lwemithambo yegazi luphilile, hhayi nje imithambo yakho ye-carotid.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yokonakalisa imithambo yakho yegazi. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, buza udokotela wakho.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Yamukela ukudla kwaseMedithera okuhlanganisa imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, inhlanzi, namafutha anempilo njengamafutha omnqumo. Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, ushukela nosawoti.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Zama ukwenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivivinya ngosuku, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivivinya umzimba.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyimbangela enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kanye nokucinana kwemithambo yegazi.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol , landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi uyilawule kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi ye-carotid iyimithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni.
- Ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol kule mithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis) kungayinciphisa futhi kubangele izimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho, ukukhuluma okungacacile, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kungavikela imithambo yakho ye-carotid kanye nenhliziyo.
- Uma unezici eziyingozi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uthola izivivinyo nezeluleko ezidingekayo.
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