Ingabe ingane yakho inobunzima bokunyakaza? Ake sixoxe nge-Cerebral Palsy!

Ungase ube nesifiso sokwazi, mhlawumbe uze ukhathazeke, ngokukhula nokunyakaza kwengane yakho encane, akunjalo? Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinkinga ngokulawula imisipha, ukuma kwayo, noma ukunyakaza kwayo. Yileso simo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, i-Cerebral Palsy. Ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Cerebral Palsy?

Kalula nje, i-cerebral palsy (CP) yisimo sezinzwa esithinta ubuchopho . Sithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemisipha yengane, ibhalansi, kanye nokunyakaza kwayo. Sibangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho okwenzeka esibelethweni, ekuzalweni, noma ngezinye izikhathi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphila. Lo monakalo ungathinta nokukhula kobuchopho.

Khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezine-cerebral palsy (CP) ezinokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ezinye izingane zingase ziphile kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga kule ndawo. Izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu kusuka komunye umntwana kuya komunye. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nomthelela omncane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nomthelela omkhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-cerebral palsy (CP) ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Uhlobo lwe-Spastic: Lokhu kubonakala ngokuqina kwemisipha nokunyakazisa. Kuzwakala sengathi ibhande lerabha eliqinile liyadonswa.

2. Uhlobo lwe-Dyskinetic: Kulolu hlobo, kunzima ukulawula imisipha. Kungase kube nokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene okungahleliwe.

3. Uhlobo oluxubile: Kulolu hlobo, izimpawu zezinhlobo ze-spastic kanye ne-dyskinetic okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zingabonakala ndawonye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile. Ingokulandelayo:

• I-Diplegic: Lokhu kuthinta imilenze kakhulu kunezingalo.
• I-quadriplegic: Zonke izitho ezine zomzimba ziyathinteka.
• I-Hemiplegic: Uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba (kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele) kuphela oluthinteka kakhulu.
• I-Monoplegic: Ingalo noma umlenze owodwa kuphela othintekayo.
• Okhubazekile: Imilenze emibili kuphela ethintekile.

Kuvame kangakanani ukukhubazeka kobuchopho (CP)?

Eqinisweni, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayiyona into evamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, e-United States, izingane eziphakathi kuka-5,500 no-13,100 zizalwa nalesi simo minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi inani labantu abadala abanalesi simo liyakhula kancane kancane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) ingaba nezimpawu eziningi. Ezinye zihlobene nokunyakaza, kanti ezinye zihlobene nezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ukubukeka, kanye nokuziphatha.

Ezinye izici ezingahlobene nokunyakaza:

• Umehluko ngobukhulu bekhanda:Ikhanda lingaba lincane ngendlela engavamile (i-microcephaly) noma libe likhulu (i-macrocephaly).
• Ukungahlaliseki nokucasuka njalo: Izingane ezine-CP zingase zikhale njalo futhi zibonise isimo sokungahlaliseki.
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana nabanye: Izinsana nezingane ezincane zingase zingababheki noma zingasabeli kulabo abaseduze kwazo.
• I-Hypotonia: Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba zibonakale zingenampilo, "zithambile". Lokhu kungabonakala kusenesikhathi futhi kamuva kungaqhubekela ekuqineni kwemisipha ('spasticity') noma ukudikiza ('dystonia').
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Izingane ezine-CP zingase zibambezeleke ekufinyeleleni izigaba ezithile zokukhula. Izinto ezifana nokubamba intamo yazo iqonde, ukugingqika, ukuhlala, ukuguqa, nokuhamba zingase zibambezeleke. Lokhu kungafaka amakhono ahlobene nokunyakaza, kanye namanye amakhono.

Ezinye izici ezihlobene nokunyakaza:

• Ukuqaqamba: Umuzwa wokuqina kwamalungu okwenza kube nzima ukuwagoba noma ukuwasebenzisa.
• Ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo.
• Ukunyakaza okungalawulwa, njengokujika kancane nokugoba.
• Kufana nokuphonsa okuthile, ukudansa, nokuhambahamba ngokungaphumuli.
• I-Dystonia iwukukhubeka okungazelelwe, okubuhlungu, nokungakhululeki okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha noma ukuqaqamba.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) ibangelwa ukulimala kwezingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza . Lo monakalo awugcini kuleyo ngxenye kuphela, kodwa ungathinta nezinye izingxenye eziseduze. Lokhu kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga. Akukhona nje imbangela eyodwa yalolu hlobo lomonakalo, kodwa kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela kukho.

Kunezikhathi eziningana lapho lokhu kulimala kungenzeka khona: esibelethweni, ekuzalweni, nangemva kokuzalwa. Esikhathini esiningi, cishe u-80% wesikhathi, lokhu kulimala kwenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Cishe u-10% wesikhathi, kwenzeka ngemva kokuzalwa.

Izimbangela ezithinta umama esibelethweni kanye nokuzalwa:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina.
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho bomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
• Ukutheleleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (ubuchopho noma umgogodla).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuthinta ubuchopho obusakhula.
• Izinkinga zofuzo ezithinta ukukhula kombungu.
• Ubuchopho bombungu abutholi igazi noma umoya-mpilo owanele.
• I-Kernicterus: Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa ukuqongelela ngokweqile kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin, ekhiqizwa esibindini.
• Ukufuthwa kwe-Meconium: Ukugwinya indle yokuqala yomntwana (i-meconium).
• Amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa (i-hypoglycemia yokuzalwa).

Izimbangela emva kokuzalwa:

I-CP ingakhula futhi ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Nakuba ivame ukubangelwa izingozi, kungaba nezinye izimbangela:

• Ukulimala okubangelwa izingozi.
• Ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukutheleleka, ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, noma ukopha ebuchosheni noma eduze kwabo.
• I-Jaundice kanye ne-kernicterus.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Kunezimo ezithile ezibangela noma ezandisa ingozi ye-cerebral palsy (CP). Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-28 zisengozini enkulu.
• Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi: Ukuzalwa kwengane enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-1.5 (amakhilogremu angu-3.3).
• Ukusetshenziswa kukamama izidakamizwa noma utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Izimo ezithinta ukukhulelwa, isibonelo, i-preeclampsia.
• Ama-fetus amaningi: Njengamawele, ama-triple.
• Izifo ezithinta i-placenta noma i-amniotic fluid.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) ivame ukwenzeka kanye nezinye izimo ezithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. Umonakalo ofanayo obangela i-CP nawo ubangela lezi ezinye izimo.

Ezinye izibonelo:

• Ukuquleka kanye nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Izimo ezithinta ikhono lokukhulumisana.
• Izinkinga zokubona nokuzwa.
• Izifo ezihlobene namathambo nemisipha.
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokudla nokuphuza.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha.

Itholakala kanjani i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Udokotela angasebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukuxilonga i-cerebral palsy (CP). Izimpawu zokuqala zalokhu kungaba nzima kumuntu ojwayelekile ukuzibona. Kodwa-ke, udokotela oqeqeshiwe angazibona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengane njalo.

Udokotela angase asole ukuthi une-CP esenezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni kwenziwa kuphela uma ingane isinezinyanga ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-24 ubudala. Udokotela uzoxilonga i-CP ngokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa, esebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola olukhethekile, kanye nokwenza ama-scan afana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Uma ingane yakho inezinye izimpawu, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi ziyini lezi zivivinyo nokuthi kungani zenziwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Khumbula, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele.Kodwa-ke, izimpawu nemiphumela ye-CP ingelashwa. Uhlobo lokwelashwa luncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ubukhali besimo, izimpawu, nokuthi sikuthinta kanjani. I-CP yelashwa yithimba lochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene, hhayi uchwepheshe oyedwa kuphela.

Izindlela zokwelapha zingaba kanje:

• Imithi: Imithi inganikezwa ngenxa yemiphumela eminingi ye-CP, njengokuquleka kanye nokuqina kwemisipha (ukuqaqamba). Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezimpawu. Imithi inganikezwa nakwezinye izimo ezenzeka kanye ne-CP, njengezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kufakwe amaphampu amancane (`amaphampu emithi`) emzimbeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ukulethwa kwemithi njalo. Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa futhi ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zamalunga nomgogodla, kanye nokufaka izivuseleli zobuchopho zikagesi (`izivuseleli zobuchopho zikagesi`) ukusiza ukulawula umsebenzi wobuchopho.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi: Lokhu kusiza umuntu one-CP ukuthi afunde ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi athuthukise amandla nokuhamba.
• Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo: Abantu abane-CP bangase babe nobunzima bokukhuluma. Uma kunezinkinga ezithinta ukukhuluma, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungasiza.
• Ukwelashwa ngempilo yengqondo: Abantu abane-CP bavame ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma umeluleki kungakusiza ukubhekana nalezi zimo.
• Umsebenzi wezenhlalo kanye nokusekelwa kwezemfundo: Abantu abane-CP bangadinga usizo olwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wesikole noma eminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kungenziwa ngabasebenzi bezenhlalo kanye nochwepheshe bezemfundo.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) ingenzeka esibelethweni, ekuzalweni, noma ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa. Kuyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside.

Iyini inhloso ye-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani. Uma isimo se-CP sibi kakhulu, isimo asisihle kangako futhi isikhathi sokuphila cishe sizoncipha. Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, amathuba okuphila ayancipha.

Kodwa-ke, intuthuko kwezesayensi yezokwelapha, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze umehluko omkhulu empilweni yabantu abane-CP. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abane-CP ephakathi nendawo kuya kwenzima manje sebephila isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho (noma wengane yakho) ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye mayelana nobude besikhathi sokuphila kanye nezici ezithinta lokho.

Ingabe i-cerebral palsy (CP) ingavinjelwa noma ingozi incishiswe?

I-CP ivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezimbangela ezingalindelekile nezingavinjelwa. Ngakho-ke,Lokhu akukwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezithile onganciphisa ngazo ingozi yengane yakho yokuthola i-CP ngenxa yezici ezithile:

• I-Magnesium sulfate yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: I-Magnesium sulfate iyasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-CP ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-32. Lokhu kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bosana olusanda kuzalwa, kunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukuncipha kwegazi nomoya-mpilo.
• Ukwelashwa kokupholisa izingane ezinenkinga yokuphelelwa umoya: Izingane ezingazalwanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi nazo zingaba sengozini yokuthola i-CP ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya. Ukupholisa umzimba noma ikhanda lomntwana cishe ngama-degree Celsius angu-2 (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) kungavimbela ukulimala kobuchopho ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo.
• I-caffeine enikezwa ngodokotela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa: I-caffeine, uma inikezwa njengomuthi, ingakhuthaza ukuphefumula komntwana. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kunciphisa ingozi ye-CP.
• Ama-Corticosteroids ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Ukukhula kwamaphaphu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile akuphelele. Ama-Corticosteroids anikezwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha angasheshisa ukukhula kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi ye-CP, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lokhu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani mina (noma ingane yami)?

Uma une-CP, kunezinto eziningi ezithinta indlela ozinakekela ngayo. Uma une-CP encane noma ephakathi, ungase ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Kodwa-ke, uma une-CP ephakathi noma enzima, ungase ube nekhono elilinganiselwe lokwenza umsebenzi wakho, futhi ungase udinge ukwesekwa noma ukunakekelwa impilo yakho yonke.

I-CP yisimo somuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angakweluleka kangcono (noma ingane oyinakekelayo) ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze uzinakekele. Isiqondiso abasinikezayo sizoba esifanele kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ingane yakho ine-CP, ungase ubuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Umonakalo ungakanani?
• Yimaphi amakhono athintekile yilokhu?
• Ingabe ingane yami inezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezihambisana noma ezibangelwa yi-CP?
• Yimiphi imithi yokwelapha ezosiza ingane yami maduze nje?
• Hlobo luni lwezinsizakalo zokusekela, ubuchwepheshe, noma ezinye izindlela zokungenelela ingane yami ezozidinga?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibheke ezibonisa izinkinga ezinkulu noma eziyingozi?

Uma ungumuntu omdala one-CP, ungabuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibheke ezingase zibonise inkinga njengoba ngikhula?
• Yikuphi ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela engikudingayo ngqo ngesimo sami se-CP?
• Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okusha noma ukungenelela okusekelayo okungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yami?

Ingabe i-cerebral palsy (CP) ihlala ithinta ubuhlakani?

Cha, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayithinti njalo ubuhlakani. Eqinisweni, cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-CP abanakho ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Okusho ukuthi, ayithinti nhlobo ubuhlakani babo. Abantu abaningi abane-CP bangase babe nobunzima bokukhuluma, kodwa akufani nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ingabe i-cerebral palsy (CP) iyisifo sofuzo?

Kungase kube nezici zofuzo ezibangela i-cerebral palsy (CP), kodwa lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Abanye abantu abangenazo izici zofuzo noma umlando womndeni we-CP bangase babe nalesi simo ngenxa yengozi noma esinye isenzakalo ngesikhathi besebancane.

Ingabe umuntu one-cerebral palsy (CP) angahamba?

Abanye abantu abane-CP bangahamba ngaphandle kosizo. Abanye kungadingeka basebenzise izinduku zokusibekela, i-walker, noma induku. Abanye kungadingeka basebenzise amadivayisi okusiza njengesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu abane-CP bangase bakwazi ukuhamba isikhashana, kodwa kungadingeka basebenzise izinduku zokusibekela noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile ngenxa yokukhathala noma ezinye izimpawu zesikhashana.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-cerebral palsy (CP), ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe iphutha lakho. Kodwa i-CP ivela ngokungalindelekile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezici eziningi. Nakuba i-CP iyisimo esibi futhi ingabangela ukukhubazeka, intuthuko kwezokwelapha zanamuhla iholele ekwelashweni okusha okungasiza ngezimpawu nemiphumela. Futhi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokusiza isiza abantu abane-CP ukuba baphile isikhathi eside, impilo eyanelisayo.

Uma ingane yakho ine-CP, udokotela wezingane wengane yakho angakusiza uqonde isimo, akunikeze isiqondiso, kanye nokusekela. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthola izinsiza ezizosiza impilo nenhlalakahle yengane yakho. Uma ungumuntu omdala one-CP, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinselele obhekene nazo. Bangase bazi ngemithi emisha yokwelapha, ubuchwepheshe, noma izinsizakalo ezingakusiza.

Ukukhubazeka Kobuchopho , I-CP, Izinkinga Zobuchopho, Izinkinga Zokunyakaza, Izingane, I-Neurology, Ukwelashwa Ngomzimba