Uke wezwa ngokukhula okungajwayelekile kwamangqamuzana emlonyeni wesibeletho? (I-Cervical Dysplasia) Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane lapho umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-Pap uthi kukhona izinguquko emaseli esibelethweni sakho somlomo wesibeletho. Ungase ucabange, "Angazi ukuthi umdlavuza yini." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-cervical dysplasia' asiwona umdlavuza, kodwa yisimo esingaphambi komdlavuza. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho?

Kalula nje, ukukhula kwamaseli angajwayelekile ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho sakho. Uyazi, umlomo wesibeletho uyindawo evulekela esibelethweni sakho, exhunywe phezulu kwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, noma (CIN). I-'Intraepithelial' isho ukuthi amaseli angajwayelekile asezicutshini ze-epithelial zomlomo wesibeletho kuphela, futhi awasakazeki ngale kwalolo ngqimba. I-'Neoplasia' isho ukukhula kwamaseli okungajwayelekile.

Cabanga ngakho njengoshintsho oluncane ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lwesikhumba sethu. Ngezinye izikhathi lungaba ngcono ngokwalo, noma lungelapheka ngokwelashwa okuncane.

Ingabe lesi simo sibi kangakanani? Ingabe kufanele sesabe?

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi igama elithi "precancerous" lingase lesabe. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu one-cervical dysplasia ozoba nomdlavuza. Ukutholwa unalesi simo kusho ukuthi uma ungatholi ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ungase ube nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, futhi ngisho ukuthi kuphela ongase ube nawo. Ngisho noma umdlavuza ukhula, kuthatha iminyaka ukuthi ukhule. Ngakho udokotela wakho unesikhathi esanele sokuthola lezi zindawo eziyinkinga futhi azisuse. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukungesabi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlukanisa lokhu kukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana?

Esikhathini esidlule, lesi simo sasihlukaniswa ngokuthi 'sincane', 'siphakathi', noma 'sinzima', kuye ngokuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile aphenduke umdlavuza. Kodwa manje sekukhona indlela entsha yokuhlukanisa ubukhulu baso. Kusekelwe ekutheni angakanani amangqamuzana angajwayelekile asakazeke ngale kwezicubu ezingaphezulu zomlomo wesibeletho sakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-"CIN". Kuyisikali esisuka kokukodwa kuya kokuthathu.

• I-CIN 1: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunamaseli angajwayelekile cishe engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yobukhulu bezicubu ezingaphezulu zomlomo wesibeletho.
• I-CIN 2: Lapha, amaseli angajwayelekile angaba khona endaweni eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwezintathu zobukhulu bezicubu.
• I-CIN 3: Kulokhu, amaseli angajwayelekile amboza ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobukhulu bezicubu.

Manje, bheka, isimo `(CIN 1)` asivamile ukuba umdlavuza ezimweni eziningi. Futhi, sivame ukuba ngcono ngokwaso. Kodwa-ke, izimo `(CIN 2)` kanye `(CIN 3)` cishe zidinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ithinta abesifazane abahlanganyela ocansini. Ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangenwe yi-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Ubuwazi ukuthi i-HPV ingenye yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni?

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-25 no-35, okusho ukuthi sebekhulile ngokwanele ukuzala.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Wazi kanjani?

Esikhathini esiningi , i-cervical dysplasia ayibangeli zimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzothola la maseli angajwayelekile kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap okuvamile. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nokubona noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kocansi.

Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Iyini imbangela eyinhloko?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka ngegciwane elithi `(HPV)`. Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokuxhumana ngokocansi. Esikhathini esiningi, amasosha omzimba wakho angaliqeda leli gciwane. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezahlukene zegciwane elithi `(HPV)`. Kulezi, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge `(HPV-16)` kanye ne `(HPV-18)`, zinamathuba amaningi okuthelela uhlelo lwakho lokuzala futhi zibangele ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho (Cervical Dysplasia).

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-75% abaya ocansini bazotheleleka nge-HPV ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Isikhathi esivame kakhulu salezi zifo siphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-25. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zifo liziphelela ngokwalo ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga ezihlala njalo. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile akhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-cervical dysplasia.

Okubalulekile: Ukutheleleka nge-HPV akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-cervical dysplasia.

Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani abanye besifazane beba ne-cervical dysplasia lapho betheleleke nge-HPV kanti abanye bengenayo asikaziwa okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu nokuthi ukutheleleka kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani kungadlala indima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55 ubudala: Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HPV kuhlala isikhathi eside kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55. Lokhu kutheleleka kusheshe kuphele kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-25.
• Ukubhema: Abantu ababhema ugwayi futhi abasebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi bangase baphinde kabili ingozi yabo yokuthuthukisa amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho angajwayelekile.
• Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Uma uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, umzimba wakho ungase ube nesikhathi esinzima sokulwa nokutheleleka nge-HPV. Futhi, uma utheleleke nge-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), inganciphisa nekhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nokutheleleka. Uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka futhi uthola i-HPV, ungase ube ne-cervical dysplasia.

Lesi simo sitholakala kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Cishe udokotela wakho uzobona izimpawu zalesi simo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap okuvamile. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ingacacile noma ikhombisa amangqamuzana angavamile, isinyathelo esilandelayo kungaba i-colposcopy, okuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola umlomo wesibeletho sakho.

Lokhu kuhlolwa "(colposcopy)" kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi "colposcope" ukuze abheke amangqamuzana angajwayelekile esibelethweni sakho noma ezindongeni zesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Udokotela angase futhi athathe isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy) ayithumele elebhu ukuze afunde kabanzi ngala maseli. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Ubunzima be-cervical dysplasia yakho, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ozithandayo. Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-cervical dysplasia zingathinta ikhono lakho lokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha.

Ukuqapha amaseli angajwayelekile

Uma unesifo esingesibi kangako esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Cervical Dysplasia' (CIN 1), cishe ngeke udinge ukwelashwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo sizoba ngcono ngokwaso. Amaphesenti amancane kakhulu alezi zimo aphenduka umdlavuza wesibeletho, cishe u-1%. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo ukuze aqaphe izinguquko ezingavamile zamaseli.

Ukususa noma ukubhubhisa amaseli angavamile

Uma i-cervical dysplasia yakho inzima kakhulu (i-CIN 2 noma i-CIN 3), udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukususa noma ukubhubhisa amaseli angajwayelekile angaba umdlavuza.

Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswa kulokhu:

• Inqubo Yokususa Izicubu Nge-Electrosurgical Excision (LEEP): Kule nqubo, kusetshenziswa i-wire loop encane, eshajelwe ngogesi ukususa izicubu ezingavamile. Le nqubo ingathatha namasampula ezicubu ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo. Phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabesifazane bangase babe nezinkinga ngemva kwale nqubo, njengokuphuma kwegazi okulibazisekile noma ukuncishiswa komlomo wesibeletho (stenosis).
• I-biopsy yekhoni yommese obandayo (ukuhlanganiswa): Kule nqubo, udokotela ususa ucezu lwezicubu olunesimo sekhoni oluqukethe amangqamuzana angajwayelekile. Le nqubo yayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ukwelapha i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa manje isetshenziselwa amacala abucayi kakhulu. Le nqubo ingathatha nesampula yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, inengozi ephezulu kancane yezinkinga, njengokuncishiswa komlomo wesibeletho kanye nokopha ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukususwa kwesibeletho: Lokhu ukususwa kwesibeletho ngokuphelele. Uma i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho iqhubeka noma ingathuthuki ngemva kokunye ukwelashwa, ukususwa kwesibeletho kungaba yindlela engcono.

Ingabe lesi simo singalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, impela! Cishe ama-90% azo zonke izimo ze-`(Cervical Dysplasia)` angelashwa ngokususa noma ngokubhubhisa amaseli angajwayelekile. `(Cervical Dysplasia)` akuvamile ukuqhubekela phambili ekubeni umdlavuza. Ngisho noma kwenzeka, iqhubekela phambili kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kunesikhathi esanele sokuba udokotela angenelele futhi ayelaphe.

Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi simo? (Ukuvimbela)

Ukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela i-cervical dysplasia ukugwema ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Uma usuvele unayo i-HPV, ukuthola izivivinyo ze-Pap njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Izivivinyo ze-Pap azikwazi ukuvimbela i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa zingasiza ekutholeni i-cervical dysplasia kusenesikhathi futhi ziyivimbele ukuthi ingakhuli ibe umdlavuza.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-HPV kanye ne-cervical dysplasia ukugonywa. I-FDA ivumile imijovo emithathu evikela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-cervical dysplasia: i-Gardasil®, i-Gardasil 9®, kanye ne-Cervarix®. I-CDC itusa ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka ephakathi kuka-9 no-26 athole umuthi wokugomela. Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-27 no-45, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinzuzo zokuthola umuthi wokugomela. Umuthi wokugomela awukwazi ukwelapha abantu asebevele benayo i-HPV noma i-cervical dysplasia, kodwa ungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka esikhathini esizayo kwezinye izimo.
• Ukugwema ucansi noma ukwenza ucansi oluphephile: Ungavimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV ngokugwema ukuthintana ngokocansi, okuhlanganisa ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, nolwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Unganciphisa futhi ingozi yakho ngokwenza ucansi oluphephile. Sebenzisa amakhondomu noma amadamu amazinyo ngesikhathi socansi. Nciphisa inani labalingani bocansi.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okuvamile: Kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kwe-Pap uneminyaka engu-21. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap kujwayelekile, izincomo zamanje ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo eminyakeni emithathu kusukela eminyakeni engu-21 kuya kwengu-29. Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-65, kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi: Uma ubhema, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nokutheleleka kwe-HPV, ikakhulukazi i-cervical dysplasia, okuyisimo esibi kakhulu.

Kwenzekani uma nginalesi simo?

Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, izinga lokwelashwa kwe-cervical dysplasia liphezulu kakhulu. Kwabesifazane abane-dysplasia enobungozi obukhulu, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho incishiswa ngo-95% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi une-cervical dysplasia, udokotela wakho uzoqapha impilo yakho eduze ukuze abone ukuthi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ayakhula yini noma aphenduka umdlavuza. Kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV. Ngemva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha unyaka owodwa noma emibili. Ngemva kwalokho, ungenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo ngonyaka.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uthola ukuthi une-cervical dysplasia, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe kufanele ngithole umuthi wokugomela i-HPV?
• Sibi kangakanani isimo sami '(i-Cervical Dysplasia)'?
• Ingabe ngisengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho?
• Lesi simo `(i-Cervical Dysplasia)` sizokuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwami? (Uma ukhulelwe noma uzama ukukhulelwa)
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele ngizithathe ukuze ngiqaphe isimo sami? Kufanele ngizithathe kangaki?
• Ukwelashwa kwe-`(Cervical Dysplasia)` kuzothinta kanjani ikhono lami lokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo?

Khumbula, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mincane kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela impilo yakho.

Ekugcineni, yini okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unesifo esingaphambi komdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Cervical Dysplasia" esibelethweni sakho somlomo wesibeletho. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi lokhu akuhlali kuholela kumdlavuza . Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, umdlavuza wesibeletho ungavinjelwa.

Ngakho-ke, zivikele ekuthelelekeni nge-HPV. Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Zijwayeze ucansi oluphephile. Ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap. Nakekela impilo yakho! Awuwedwa, udokotela wakho ukhona ukuze akhulume naye futhi athole usizo.

I- Cervical Dysplasia, amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho angajwayelekile, i-HPV, ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap, impilo yabesifazane, isimo esingaphambi komdlavuza, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho