Uyazi ngalesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo entanyeni yakho? (Umgogodla Wesibeletho) Ake sixoxe!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi intamo yakho ibaluleke kangakanani, ukuthi iklanywe kahle kangakanani? Cabanga nje, ukugcina ikhanda lakho liqondile, ukubuka nxazonke, ukubheka phezulu, ukubheka phansi, ukunqekuzisa ikhanda lakho ukuze uthi "yebo", ukunikina ikhanda lakho kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ukuze uthi "cha"... konke lokhu kusizwa yilesi sakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi entanyeni yakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ephezulu yomgogodla wakho, eyaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi umgogodla wesibeletho . Kufana nesimangaliso sobunjiniyela somzimba wethu!

Uyini umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho?

Kalula nje, ingxenye yomgogodla wakho entanyeni yakho ibizwa ngokuthi umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Yakhiwe ngamathambo amancane ayisikhombisa abekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Lawa mathambo abizwa ngokuthi ama-vertebrae . Anezinombolo ezisukela ku-C1 kuya ku-C7.

Cabanga ngakho njengombhoshongo wamabhulokhi amathoyizi, kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunamandla kakhulu.

Amabili okuqala kulawa mathambo ayisikhombisa (C1 kanye ne-C2) akhethekile kancane.

• C1 vertebra: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Atlas . Uyakhumbula i-Atlas evela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, ubani owayephethe umhlaba emahlombe akhe? Njengaye, leli thambo liyasiza ekuphakamiseni ikhanda lakho. Lime njengendandatho, njengesisekelo phansi kwekhanda lakho.
• I-C2 vertebra: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Axis . Yilapho i-C1 atlas ijikeleza khona. Uma unikina ikhanda lakho kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ukuze uthi "cha," i-atlas ibonakala sengathi iyajika kule axis. Akumangalisi yini?

Lawa mathambo omgogodla, kusukela ku-C1 kuya ku-C7, axhumene ngemuva ngamalunga akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-facet joints . Lawa malunga akuvumela ukuthi ugobe intamo yakho phambili, emuva, bese uyijika kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye.

Kunemisipha eminingi, imizwa, imisipha, kanye nemisipha ezungeze lo mgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Futhi, uma omunye umgogodla uphezu komunye, kukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi ama-intervertebral disc phakathi kwawo. Lawa afana nama-shock absorber emotweni. Okusho ukuthi, amunca ukudlidliza okuza entanyeni futhi kuvimbele amathambo omgogodla ukuthi angashayisani.

Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi emgogodleni wakho wonke, kusukela entanyeni yakho kuye phansi, phakathi nendawo kukhona umgogodla . Lo mgogodla yiwo othwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye kuwo wonke umzimba, kanye nemiyalezo evela emzimbeni ebuyela ebuchosheni. Kufana nendlela eyinhloko yolwazi emzimbeni wethu.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yamathambo omgogodla womlomo wesibeletho?

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuncane, insizakalo enikezwa yi-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho inkulu kakhulu.

1. Ukuvikela umgogodla: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, umgogodla udlula emgogodleni. Kukhona imbobo enkulu phakathi kwethambo ngalinye lomgogodla, ebizwa ngokuthi i-vertebral foramen.Uma zonke lezi zimbobo zihlangana, zakha ipayipi. Intambo yomgogodla idlula kulelo payipi. Ngakho-ke, amathambo omgogodla ahlinzeka ngesivikelo esihle engxenyeni yomgogodla entanyeni.

2. Isekela ikhanda futhi ivumela ukunyakaza: Ikhanda elijwayelekile linesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-10 kuya kwangu-13 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-4.5 no-6). Lesi sisindo sisekelwa amathambo omgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ungagoba intamo yakho phambili (i-flexion) , emuva (isandiso) , uyijike kusukela ohlangothini oluya kolunye (ukujikeleza) , noma uyigobe ohlangothini ukuze indlebe yakho ithinte ihlombe lakho (i-lateral flexion) . Le ngxenye iyasiza kukho konke lokhu.

3. Ukunikeza indlela ephephile yemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ebuchosheni: Kunezimbobo ezincane kumathambo omgogodla wesibeletho kusukela ku-C1 kuya ku-C6. Ngalezi zimbobo, imithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ebuchosheni. Lena ukuphela kwengxenye yomgogodla wonke enezimbobo ethanjeni ukuze imithambo yegazi idlule kuzo.

Cabanga ngentamo yakho njengendawo ematasa yokuhlangana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhanda lakho liphakanyisiwe, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, lithwala imiyalezo ebalulekile kanye negazi liye ebuchosheni, konke lokhu kuvikelwe!

Yiziphi ezinye izicubu ezithambile ezibalulekile ezizungeze umgogodla wesibeletho?

Akuzona nje izithambo zamathambo, kodwa nezinye izinto eziningi zihlobene nalesi simiso.

Imisipha

Kunemisipha eminingana ebalulekile esiza ngokunyakaza kwentamo nokuzinza:

• I-Sternocleidomastoid: Lona umsipha osuka ngemuva kwendlebe uye ngaphambili kwentamo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo. Yiwona osebenzayo uma uphendula ikhanda lakho kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye futhi uphakamisa isilevu sakho.
• I-Trapezius: Lezi yimisipha emibili engunxantathu. Igijima kusukela phansi kwekhanda, yehle entanyeni, igudle umgogodla wesifuba, bese inamathela emahlombe. Isiza ekuphakamiseni ikhanda phezulu, igobe intamo emuva, iphendule ikhanda liye kwesokudla nakwesobunxele, bese iphakamisa kancane amahlombe.
• I-Levator scapulae: Lo msipha unamathele kumathambo okuqala amane omgogodla kanye nengxenye ephezulu yehlombe. Kuyasiza ukuphakamisa ihlombe, ukutshekisa ikhanda eceleni, nokujika ikhanda.
• I-Erector spinae: Leli yiqembu lemisipha elisiza ukugcina ukuma okuqondile, ukuzungeza intamo, nokuyigoba emuva.
• Ama-flexor ajulile omlomo wesibeletho: Lawa agijima ngaphambili komgogodla wesibeletho. Asiza ekugobeni intamo phambili nasekuqiniseni umgogodla wesibeletho.
• Imisipha ye-suboccipital: Le misipha emibili ehlukene. Ixhuma ingxenye engenhla yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho nesisekelo sekhanda. Isiza ekuthambekeni nasekuphenduleni ikhanda emuva.

Ama-Ligaments

Ama-ligament afana nama-band axhumanisa amathambo futhi asiza ukugcina umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho uzinzile. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-ligament:

• I-anterior longitudinal ligament: Lokhu kusuka phansi kwekhanda kuye phansi ngaphambili kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. Kuyelula lapho intamo igobile emuva.
• I-posterior longitudinal ligament: Lokhu kuqala ku-C2 vertebra bese kwehla ngemuva kwe-cervical vertebrae. Kuyelula lapho intamo igobile phambili.
• I-Ligamentum flava: Le ligament imboza ingaphakathi lomhlane wethambo ngalinye, endleleni yomgogodla. Ivikela umgogodla emhlane.

Amadiski Aphakathi Kwethambo Lomgogodla

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lezi "yizicamelo zokumunca umfutho" phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla. Kunezidiski eziyisithupha phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla ayisikhombisa. Zimunca ukucindezeleka kanye nokushaqeka entanyeni, futhi zikusiza ukuthi ugobe futhi uphendule intamo yakho kalula uma wenza imisebenzi.

Imizwa

Ama-pair ayisishiyagalombili emizwa avela phakathi kwe-pair ngayinye yamathambo omlomo wesibeletho ngezikhala ezincane (foramen). Lawa abhalwe ukuthi C1 kuya ku-C8. Lawa ma-nerve alawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha entanyeni, ehlombe, engalweni, nasesandleni, kanye nokunikeza umuzwa kulezo zindawo.

• Imizwa ye-C1, C2, C3: Lawula ukunyakaza kwekhanda nentamo phambili, emuva, kanye nokunyakaza kwekhanda nentamo. Imizwa ye-C2 inikeza umuzwa phezulu kwekhanda, kanti imizwa ye-C3 inikeza umuzwa ezinhlangothini zobuso nangemuva kwekhanda.
• I-C4 nerve: Ilawula ukunyakaza kwehlombe phezulu. Futhi ingenye yemizwa elawula i-diaphragm, ekusiza ukuphefumula. I-C4 inikeza umuzwa ezingxenyeni zentamo, emahlombe nasezingalweni ezingaphezulu.
• I-C5 nerve: Ilawula imisipha ye-deltoid kanye ne-biceps yehlombe. Inikeza umuzwa kusukela phezulu kwengalo engenhla kuya endololwaneni.
• I-C6 nerve: Ilawula imisipha ye-extensor yesihlakala, ibandakanyeka nasekulawuleni ama-biceps. Inikeza umuzwa engalweni naseceleni kwesithupha sesandla.
• I-C7 nerve: Ilawula imisipha ye-triceps kanye nemisipha yesandla egoqekayo. Inikeza umuzwa ngemuva kwengalo kuya kumunwe ophakathi.
• Inzwa ye-C8: Ilawula intende yesandla. Inikeza umuzwa ohlangothini lomunwe omncane wesandla kanye nengalo engalweni.

Umhlonzo

Lesi isixha sezicubu zemizwa esisuka engxenyeni engezansi yobuchopho sehle sidlule emzimbeni. Kungale ntambo yomgogodla lapho imiyalezo idluliselwa khona phakathi kobuchopho nemisipha esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili.

Yiziphi izifo ezingase zivele emgogodleni wesibeletho?

Ingabe izinkinga zingavela esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi kangaka? Yebo, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela emgogodleni womlomo wesibeletho, ezicutshini ezithambile ezizungezile, kanye nasezinzwa. Ungesabi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

• I-Cervical Radiculopathy: Isimo esibangelwa ukucindezelwa kwempande yenzwa yi-cervical vertebra. Kungase kube nokungazweli, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, ubuthakathaka, kanye nobuhlungu. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhawulelwe entanyeni noma zingase zidlulele phansi engalweni yonke, esandleni, kanye neminwe. Lokhu kungenzaFuthi ibizwa ngokuthi i-nerve ecindezelwe.
• Ubuhlungu bentamo: Lena inkinga evamile kubantu abaningi. Ubuhlungu bentamo bungabangelwa izifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Izifo eziwohlokayo (isib. i- osteoarthritis , i-spinal stenosis , i-herniated disc , i-pinched nerve), i-whiplash, ukucindezeleka, ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukuma kabi, amathumba, ama-cyst, ama-bone spurs, i-meningitis , i-rheumatoid arthritis , kanye nomdlavuza konke kungabangela ubuhlungu bentamo.
• Isifo Sediski Esiwohlokayo Sesibeletho: Ukuwohloka kwama-disc "aqeda ukushaqeka" kumathambo omgogodla wesibeletho.
• I-Herniated Disc: Ukudabuka noma ukuvuza kwe-disc phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla.
• Ama-Osteophyte Entanyeni Yesibeletho / Ama-Bone spurs: Ukukhula kwamathambo engeziwe kunoma yiliphi lamathambo ayisikhombisa entanyeni yesisu.
• I-Spondylosis Yesibeletho: Ebizwa nangokuthi "i-neck arthritis," lokhu kuwukuwohloka kancane kancane kwamathambo namalunga emgogodleni wesibeletho njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ukulimala Kwentambo Yomgogodla Wesibeletho: Ukulimala kwamathambo omgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kulimala kuvame ukubangelwa ukushaywa okungazelelwe, okunobudlova.
• Ukuphuka Komgogodla Wesibeletho: Ukuphuka komgogodla. Umuntu one- osteoporosis angase aphuke ngenxa yokulimala okuncane, njengokuphuka kokucindezeleka, ukuphuka kokuqhuma, noma ingozi yemoto noma ukuwa esuka endaweni ephakeme.
• I-Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Ukucindezeleka emgogodleni esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukuwohloka kwamathambo omgogodla, okuyi-osteoarthritis.
• I-Cervical Stenosis: Ukuncishiswa komsele womgogodla esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho. Uma isikhala sincishisiwe, intambo yomgogodla noma imizwa ephuma kuyo ingacindezelwa noma icindezelwe.
• Izimila Zomgogodla Wesibeletho Nomdlavuza: Ukukhula kwezicubu okungajwayelekile ngaphakathi komgogodla. Lokhu kungaba okungenawo umdlavuza (okungenabungozi) noma okunomdlavuza (okuyingozi).
• I-Meningitis: Ukutheleleka kwe-meninges, isembozo sokuvikela esizungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Ukutheleleka kwamathambo ngamagciwane noma ngesikhunta, kulokhu amathambo omgogodla. Uma engelashwa, amathambo angafa.

Zitholakala kanjani lezi zifo?

Uma unenkinga yentamo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi oyiphuzayo, abuze ngezimpawu zakho, enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, bese eyala noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kanye nezifundo zezithombe.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography (CT) scan): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha ukuthatha "izingcezu" ezincane kakhulu zendawo ehlolwayo. Ingabheka ukuma, usayizi, okuqukethwe umsele womgogodla, kanye namathambo azungezile. Ingasiza ekutholeni izinto ezifana nama-bone spurs, ama-osteophyte, ukuhlangana kwamathambo, kanye nokubhujiswa kwamathambo okubangelwa ukutheleleka noma izimila.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane. Ingathola izinkinga ngomgogodla kanye nemizwa ephuma emgogodleni, njengokuwohloka komgogodla, i-disc eshelelayo (i-disk herniation), izifo, kanye nezimila.
• Ama-X-ray: Asebenzisa inani elincane lemisebe ukuthatha izithombe zamathambo nezicubu ezithambile. Angahlola ukwaphuka, izinkinga zamalunga, ukungahambi kahle komgogodla, kanye nesifo samathambo.
• Izifundo ze-Electromyogram (EMG) kanye Nokuqhutshwa Kwezinzwa: I-EMG ihlola impilo kanye nokusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha. Ucwaningo lokuqhutshwa kwezinzwa lulinganisa ukuthi umfutho kagesi uhamba ngokushesha kangakanani emsipheni. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo wezinzwa nokuthi inzwa icindezelwe kuphi.
• I-Myelogram: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezithombe kuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla kanye namathambo omgogodla, umgogodla, kanye nohlaka lwezinzwa eziphuma emgogodleni. Kungabonisa ukuthi into ethile, njengesimila, i-bone spur, noma i-herniated disc, icindezela umgogodla, imizwa, noma izimpande zemizwa, okubangela ubuhlungu, ukungazweli, noma ubuthakathaka.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zomgogodla wesibeletho?

Kukhona kokubili ukwelashwa okungahlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwezinkinga eziningi zomgogodla wesibeletho. Indlela yokwelapha oyikhethayo izoncika embangela yalesi simo kanye nobunzima baso.

Kuyini ukwelashwa okungadingi ukuhlinzwa?

Uma ubuhlungu bentamo bungabangelwa ingozi noma isimila, udokotela wakho angase aqale ancome ukwelashwa okungangenisi kakhulu.

• Ukuphumula.
• Iqhwa noma ukucindezela okushisayo.
• Ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho ethambile: Ikhola inikeza ukusekela entanyeni futhi inciphise ukunyakaza.
• Ukugwema imisebenzi evivinya umzimba enzima noma eyenza lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba.
• Imithi: Iziphumuli zemisipha, iziqeda ubuhlungu (isib. i-paracetamol), kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala (isib. i-ibuprofen, i-naproxen).
• Imijovo ye-steroid:Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemijovo ye-steroid ezingacatshangelwa ubuhlungu bentamo kanye/noma ingalo. I-cervical epidural block yileyo lapho umjovo we-steroid ufakwa khona esikhaleni esizungeze umgogodla (isikhala se-epidural). I-cervical facet joint block yileyo lapho i-steroid ifakwa khona ku-capsule ye-small facet joint evumela amathambo omgogodla ukuba anyakaze.
• Ukususwa kwegatsha lezokwelapha kanye nokususwa kwama-radiofrequency: Lokhu kwelashwa kubhekwa kwezinye izimo zobuhlungu obungapheli entanyeni. Okokuqala, kufakwa umuthi wokubulala izinzwa endaweni exhumanisa nengxenye yomgogodla. Uma ubuhlungu bakho buncipha, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuzinzisa ubuhlungu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulimaza umuthi ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-radiofrequency ablation. Ukuqeda ubuhlungu kuthatha izinyanga. Uma umuthi ukhula kabusha, ubuhlungu bungabuya.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngifanelekile yini ukuhlinzwa komgogodla wesibeletho?

Ungase ufanelekele ukuhlinzwa uma:

• Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinganikezi impumuzo.
• Uma izimpawu zakho ezihlobene nomgogodla wakho, izingalo kanye/noma imilenze ziba zimbi kakhulu.
• Uma uphilile ngokwanele ukuthi ungahlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinketho zokuhlinzwa ezimweni zomgogodla wesibeletho?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlinzwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa:

Ukuhlinzwa Kokuncishiswa Komgogodla Wesibeletho

Leli igama elijwayelekile. Lihlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ukuqeda izimpawu ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka (ukucindezelwa) emgogodleni noma ezimpandeni zemizwa.

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-discectomy yomlomo wesibeletho: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye yediski ukuze anciphise ingcindezi ezimpandeni zemizwa eziseduze.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-laminotomy noma i-laminectomy yomlomo wesibeletho: Kulezi zinqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye encane ye-bone arch (i-lamina) yomsele womgogodla. Ku-laminotomy, kususwa ingxenye encane kuphela ye-lamina. Ku-laminectomy, kususwa yonke i-lamina, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukukhula kwamathambo, izingcezu zama-disc, kanye nemisipha ejiyile, uma kudingeka. Ukususa i-lamina kwandisa isikhala emseleni womgogodla futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cervical foraminotomy noma i-foraminectomy: Zombili lezi zinqubo zenziwa ukuze kwandiswe izikhala lapho izimpande zemizwa ziphuma khona emgogodleni. Ithambo elithile liyasuswa kuleyo ndawo. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-foraminectomy, kususwa ithambo elikhulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cervical corpectomy: Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa umzimba womgogodla (ingxenye enkulu engaphambili ye-vertebra) kanye ne-disc ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi emgogodleni. Ngezinye izikhathi, amathambo abe esehlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kuqiniswe amathambo omgogodla womgogodla.

Ukuhlinzwa Kokufaka I-Cervical Disc

Lokhu kuhilela ukususa idiski yomlomo wesibeletho enesifo bese kufakwa idiski yokwenziwa esikhundleni sayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ukwelapha ukuwohloka kwediski yomlomo wesibeletho.

Ukuhlangana Komgogodla Wesibeletho

Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa exhumanisa unomphela ithambo lomgogodla elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuqeda ukunyakaza phakathi kwethambo lomgogodla.

Ukuvuselelwa Kokusebenza Kukagesi Kokulimala Kwentambo Yomgogodla

Le nqubo isebenzisa ama-pulse amancane kagesi ukuze kusebenze imisipha ethile kanye nezinzwa, ibuyisele ukusebenza kwemisipha yomzimba engenhla elawulwa yizinzwa zomlomo wesibeletho.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa komgogodla wesibeletho okungangeni kakhulu?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa komgogodla okungangenisi kakhulu kungenziwa. Esikhundleni sokwenza ukusika okukhulu esikhumbeni njengasekuhlinzeni okuvulekile kwendabuko, ukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu kwenziwa ngokusika okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okuncane. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yenziwa ngokusika okuncane, kunomonakalo omncane kakhulu emisipheni nasezicutshini ezithambile kunasekusikweni okukodwa okude.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi okuningi ngalomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho omangalisayo entanyeni yakho.

Kalula nje, umgogodla wakho wesibeletho yisifunda sentamo yomgogodla wakho. Wakhiwe amathambo okuqala ayisikhombisa (C1-C7). Uqukethe ama-disc akho e-intervertebral, intambo yomgogodla, kanye nemizwa, imisipha, imisipha, kanye nemisipha.

Lokhu kusekela isisindo sekhanda lakho, kukusiza ukuthi uhambise ikhanda lakho ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi kuvikele umgogodla wakho. Nakuba izimo eziningi zingathinta lokhu, ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlinzwa ezitholakalayo zokwelapha lezi zimo.

Uma kukhona ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu entanyeni yakho, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko kunokuthi ungasinaki. Hlala uphilile!

Umgogodla Wesibeletho , Ubuhlungu Bentamo, Umgogodla, Intambo Yomgogodla, I-Neurology, I-Vertebrae