Uma uthola ukuthi wena noma othile omaziyo unomdlavuza, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka lapho uzwa amagama athi 'chemo'. Igama elithi 'chemo' lisheshe likwenze ucabange ngomuntu olahlekelwa izinwele zakhe, encipha isisindo, futhi ehlupheka. Kodwa-ke, uma siqonda kahle ukuthi iyini i-chemotherapy, imiphi imithi esetshenziselwa yona, nokuthi ithinta kanjani umzimba, lokhu kwesaba kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngakho ngendlela enobungane.
Kuyini ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngendlela elula?
Kalula nje, i-chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa imithi enamandla kakhulu ukwelapha umdlavuza. Lokhu yikho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-chemo' ngamafuphi. Ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza eziphumelela kakhulu.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, sidinga kuqala ukwazi okuncane ngamaseli emzimbeni wethu. Imizimba yethu yakhiwe ngamaseli ayizigidigidi. Amaseli anempilo ayahlukana uma kudingeka, enza amaseli amasha, futhi afe uma engasadingeki. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo weseli. Kodwa amaseli omdlavuza awahlukani. Ayahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulawula, akha amathumba.
Lokho okwenziwa yi-chemotherapy ukubhubhisa la maseli omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi awavimbe ukuthi angahlukani. Okusho ukuthi, ilawula ukukhula komdlavuza.
Ingabe i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa umdlavuza kuphela?
Isikhathi esiningi, yebo. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelapha umdlavuza. Odokotela bomdlavuza bezokwelapha batusa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-chemotherapy isetshenziswa nakwezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza.
- Izifo Ezizimele: Kulezi zifo, amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ahlasela izicubu zethu ezinempilo. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungalawula lawa maseli omzimba ahlukana ngokushesha futhi kunciphise umonakalo awubangela emzimbeni.
- Izinkinga Zegazi: Kwezinye izinkinga zegazi, umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy ukuze kubhujiswe lawa maseli angajwayelekile emmongo wamathambo futhi kuvulwe indlela yamangqamuzana amasha anempilo ngaphambi kokufakelwa iseli le-stem.
Izinhlobo zemithi ye-chemotherapy nokuthi isebenza kanjani
Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ayilona uhlobo olulodwa. Ihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali kanye nendlela ebulala ngayo amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi noma inhlanganisela yemithi engcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza onawo, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani (isigaba), kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni somuthi owodwa nje, kunikezwa imithi eminingana ndawonye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-combination chemotherapy. Ukunikeza imithi ehlukene ndawonye kwandisa impumelelo yokwelashwa ngoba umuthi ngamunye uhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Indlela esebenza ngayo | Izibonelo ezivamile |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Alkylating Ejenti | Zilimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ziwavimbele ekuhlukaneni. Lezi kwakuyizinhlobo zokuqala ze-chemo ezatholakala. | I-Carboplatin, i-Cisplatin, i-Cyclophosphamide |
| Ama-antimetabolites | Kuvimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekwenzeni izakhi zofuzo (i-DNA) ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe amangqamuzana amasha. Kufana nokumisa izinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe indlu entsha. | 5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Gemcitabine |
| Ama-Topoisomerase Inhibitors | Ivimba i-enzyme (i-topoisomerase) esiza iseli lomdlavuza ukukopisha i-DNA yalo. Lokhu kuvimbela iseli ukuthi lingahlukani. | I-Etoposide, i-Irinotecan, i-Topotecan |
| Ama-Mitotic Inhibitors | Lezi yizinto ezivame ukutholakala ezitshalweni futhi ziphazamisa inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli omdlavuza (i-mitosis). | I-Paclitaxel, i-Docetaxel, i-Vincristine |
| Ama-antibiotic Alwa Nomdlavuza | Zivimba ukuphindaphindeka kwe-DNA yamaseli omdlavuza, okungenzeka kulimaze i-DNA. | I-Doxorubicin, i-Bleomycin, i-Mitomycin-C |
Ingabe ama-corticosteroids nawo awumuthi we-chemotherapy?
Cha. `Ama-Corticosteroids` awayona imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali banikezwa wona ukulawula imiphumela emibi njengokuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu. Futhi, amanye ama-`Corticosteroids` anamandla okubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. `I-Dexamethasone` kanye ne-`Prednisolone` ziyizibonelo zalokhu.
Imiphumela emibi eyesaba wonke umuntu
Ukukhathazeka okukhulu wonke umuntu anakho lapho ekhuluma nge-chemotherapy yimiphumela emibi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-chemotherapy inemiphumela emibi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi imithi ye-chemotherapy ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli anempilo. Le mithi ihlasela noma yiliphi iseli elihlukana ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kukhona namaseli anempilo emzimbeni wethu ahlukana ngokushesha.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Amaseli ezimpandeni zezinwele (yingakho izinwele zikhula)
- Amaseli angaphakathi komlomo nomphimbo (yingakho kuvela izilonda emlonyeni)
- Amaseli ohlelo lokugaya ukudla (yilokho okubangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu)
- Amaseli akha amaseli egazi emnkantsheni wamathambo (yingakho kwenzeka i-anemia futhi ukumelana nezifo kwehla)
Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu engenzeka ngenxa yalokhu yile:
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- Izilonda zomlomo
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ukwehla kwamangqamuzana egazi kubangela i-anemia kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka (i-neutropenia).
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nayo yonke le miphumela emibi. Futhi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza eminye imithi yokulawula eminingi yale miphumela emibi futhi anciphise imiphumela yayo. Ngakho-ke ungayeki ukwelashwa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuzwayo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ikakhulukazi, ungakuthathi kalula uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngokuvamile ungaphezu kuka-38°C / 100.4°F)
- Ukuhlanza noma uhudo olungapheli
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ukopha okuqhubekayo okuvela noma kuphi emzimbeni
- Ukungakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu emlonyeni
Esimweni esinjalo, shayela ucingo ngokushesha eyunithi yomdlavuza yesibhedlela lapho welashwa khona, noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Lezi akuzona izinto okufanele uzilinde. Udokotela wakho kungadingeka ashintshe umthamo womuthi, ashintshe ishejuli yokwelashwa, noma akunike eminye imithi yemiphumela emibi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha enamandla kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ungakwesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wakho kanye nesimo sakho sempilo.
- Imiphumela emibi ingase ivele, kodwa eminingi yayo ingalawulwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuzwayo.
- Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi futhi uye emitholampilo.
- Awuwedwa. Umndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakhona ukukusiza. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukucela usizo kubo.
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