Ingabe nawe unesisu esibuhlungu? Ake sifunde ngale kholera!

Uyakhumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uphathwa yisifo sohudo ngokuzumayo? Ngezinye izikhathi sihlala usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili bese kuba ngcono ngokwaso. Kodwa, cabanga, uma unesifo sohudo esihlala sinamanzi, uzizwa ubuthakathaka, bese uqala ukuhlanza... Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuqaphela kancane. Ngoba, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cholera, esingaba yingozi kancane. Ungesabi, namuhla sizokhuluma ngale kholera kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalokhu, ngoba singakwazi ukuzivikela futhi sithole ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Iyini ikholera? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ikholera iwukutheleleka kwamagciwane okwenzeka emathunjini ethu. Lokhu kubangela uhudo oluningi, olunamanzi. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, wonke amanzi emzimbeni ayalahleka. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nomzimba wethu ulahlekelwa nama-electrolyte , okuyizinto ezibalulekile ezisiza umzimba ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Okubalulekile: I-Cholera yisifo esingabulala uma singelashwa kahle. Uma unesifo sohudo, qala ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi nojusi. Uma isifo sohudo sibi kakhulu, uma uhlanza kakhulu, noma uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha .

Ikholera ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanzeka okufanele. Ingatholakala futhi ngokudla ukudla kwasolwandle okungaphekiwe, njenge-shellfish. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikholera ingasakazeka ezifweni eziwumshayabhuqe ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, njengezimvula ezinkulu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye neziphepho.

Kuziphi izindawo lapho ikholera ivame kakhulu khona?

Kuwo wonke umlando, ubhubhane lwekholera luye lwenzeka cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, ubhubhane lwakamuva luye lwabikwa ku:

• Kusuka kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia
• Amazwe aseningizimu yeHlane laseSahara e-Afrika (e-Sub-Saharan Africa)
• Kusukela Eziqhingini zaseCaribbean

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kwesigidi nezigidi ezine emhlabeni wonke bathola ikholera minyaka yonke, nokuthi abantu abaphakathi kuka-20,000 kanye nabangaphezu kuka-100,000 bayafa ngenxa yayo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke lesi akusona isifo okufanele sithathwe kalula.

Ziyini izimpawu zekholera? Uzibona kanjani ?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-cholera yindle enamanzi . Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisisu esimpunga, esinamafu kancane, esifana ne-mucus. Cabanga ngamanzi aphumayo uma sigeza ilayisi ngaphambi kokulipheka... yilokho eliyikho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungabona izingcezu ezincane ze-mucus zintanta esitulweni. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi 'indle yamanzi elayisi' . Lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuzumayo futhi singaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni okusongela impilo.

Ezinye izimpawu yilezi:

• Ukuhlanza
• Ukoma okukhulu
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ubuthakathaka
• Isiyezi
• Ukuchama okuncishisiwe kakhulu noma okuyekile ukuchama
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo

Kodwa kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-cholera bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu. Bangasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye, bengazi nokuthi bayagula.

Yini ebangela ikholera? Siyithola kanjani ?

I-Cholera ibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Vibrio cholerae (noma i-V. cholerae) . Leli bhaktheriya lihlala emanzini afudumele, anosawoti omncane (angenasawoti). Ngakho-ke, uma siphuza amanzi noma sidla ukudla okungcoliswe yileli bhaktheriya le-V. cholerae, leli bhaktheriya linamathela odongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancane futhi likhiqize ubuthi lapho. Kungenxa yalezi zinobuthi esithola uhudo.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziyinhloko esingazithola ngazo ikholera yilezi:

• Ngokudla ukudla kwasolwandle okuluhlaza njenge-oyster.
• Ngokuphuza amanzi angcoliswe yindle/indle equkethe igciwane le-V. cholerae.
• Ngokudla ukudla okulungiselelwe ngamanzi aqukethe amagciwane e-V. cholerae.

Ingabe ikholera ingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye?

I-Cholera ayisabalali ngqo isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, njengomkhuhlane. Okusho ukuthi, ayisabalali ngokukhuluma noma ngokuba seduze nothile. Kodwa-ke, ingasabalala ngokungaqondile . Uyazi ukuthi kanjani ? Ezindaweni lapho kungekho manzi ahlanzekile futhi kunezindawo zangasese ezimbalwa, uma indle (indle) yomuntu one-cholera ingcolile futhi ingena endaweni ezungezile, ingangcolisa amanzi (isibonelo, amanzi omthombo, amanzi omfula). Uma uphuza lawo manzi, noma upheka ngawo, noma ugeza izandla zakho ngawo, lesi sifo singasakazekela kwabanye. Yingakho ukuhlanzeka kubaluleke kangaka.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola ikholera?

Ukuqubuka kwekholera kungenzeka kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona amanzi ahlanzekile, ukuhlanzeka okufanele, kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza nokupheka. Le ngozi iphakeme nasezindaweni ezithinteke yizinhlekelele zemvelo (njengokuzamazama komhlaba noma izikhukhula).

Nakuba noma ubani onegciwane le-V. cholerae angaba ne-cholera, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola ikholera uma:

• Uma ungowesifazane.
• Uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-'O'.
• Uma i-asidi yesisu sakho iphansi, okungukuthi, uma unesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypochlorhydria (isibonelo, uma uthatha njalo ama-antacid noma ama-proton pump inhibitors we-gastritis).
• Uma uke wahlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye noma sonke isisu sakho (i-gastrectomy).
• Uma unesifo se-H. pylori .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yekholera? Ingabe lezi ziyingozi?

I-Cholera iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezimbili : ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokulahlekelwa ama-electrolyte emzimbeni . Izinkinga ezibangelwa yilezi zimo zingabulala ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinkinga ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic: Lesi yisimo sokushaqeka esibangelwa ukwehla kwenani legazi noketshezi emzimbeni.
• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi izinso.

Yingakho sithi uma kusolwa ukuthi une-cholera, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ikholera ihlolwa kanjani ngokunembile?

Odokotela baxilonga ikholera ngokuthatha isampula yendle bese behlola ukuthi ikhona yini i-V. cholerae bacteria. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole amazinga kasawoti kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ikholera?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze lapho welapha ikholera ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni . Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi, noma ngokunikeza uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (i-IV fluids) uma kudingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi banikeza ama-antibiotic afana ne -doxycycline, i-erythromycin, noma i-azithromycin ukuze kukusize ululame ngokushesha.

Ukunikeza izingane ezincane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emihlanu izithasiselo ze-zinc nakho kuyingxenye yokwelashwa.

Okubalulekile: Imithi yokulwa nohudo ayinconywa ngenxa yekholera. Ingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhudo empeleni luyindlela umzimba okhipha ngayo amagciwane.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekholera? Yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela?

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugwema ikholera yilezi:

• Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela. Bilisa amanzi kahle. Noma uwaphathe nge-chlorine ukuze uwahlanze.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ukulungisa ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Uma ungaqiniseki ngobumsulwa bamanzi lapho uhlala khona, sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni kuphela ekuphuzeni nasekuphekeni.

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho usengozini enkulu yokuthola ikholera, noma uma uya kwenye, kunemithi yokugoma ephuzwayo etholakalayo. Khumbula ukuthi nakuba le mithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo, ayiqedi ngokuphelele ingozi.

Ngezinga elikhulu, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ikholera ukunikeza wonke umuntu amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanzeka okuhle. Lokhu kudinga izinhlelo zobuntu kanye nezempilo zomphakathi ezisezingeni lomhlaba.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthola ikholera? Kufanele uye nini esibhedlela ngokushesha?

Uma uthola ikholera – noma yisiphi isifo esibangela uhudo noma ukuhlanza – into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ngaphambi kokuba uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni .

• Yini enhle ukuyiphuza?Amanzi, iphalishi likasawoti, amasobho, kanye nezixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (ORS), njengeJeevani yethu, noma iPedialyte® noma iCeralyte®, ongazithenga ekhemisi, kuyizinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni.
• Yini okungafanele uyiphuze? Iziphuzo ezinoshukela njengeziphuzo zezemidlalo, amajusi ezithelo, kanye nesoda kungenza isifo sohudo sibe sibi kakhulu ngoba sinoshukela omningi. Futhi, gwema ukuthatha imithi yokulwa nesifo sohudo.

Kufanele uye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?

Uhudo lungakuqeda amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha. Uma unesifo sohudo esibi noma uhlanza, iya esibhedlela noma ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Uma unesifo sohudo noma uhlanza kanye nalezi zimpawu, shayela ku-911 (1990 Suwaseriya eSri Lanka) ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Ukoma okukhulu
• Ukulahlekelwa kakhulu noma okuphelele kokukhishwa komchamo
• Isiyezi
• Ubuthakathaka
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo
• Ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile

Ingabe ikholera izolapheka ngaphandle kokwelashwa?

Yebo, ikholera ingelapheka ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha izimpawu ngendlela efanele . Lokhu kusho ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, ukufaka esikhundleni sama-electrolyte, nokuvimbela ukugula okukhulu.

Ngokwelashwa – okungukuthi, ngokuphathwa kahle koketshezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni – izinga lokufa ngenxa yekholera lingaphansi kuka-1%. Kodwa-ke, uma lingelashwa, leli zinga lingaphezu kuka-50% . Lokho kubonisa ukubaluleka kokwelashwa, akunjalo?

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma usola ukuthi une-cholera, kungaba usizo ukubuza le mibuzo uma ubona udokotela:

• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngizizwa ngiphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele ikholera ukuthi ingasabalali kwabanye?

Uma ngiya endaweni lapho kukhona khona ikholera, ngingazivikela kanjani ?

E-United States, kunenhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi i-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Kuwebhusayithi yabo (Travel Health Notices), abahambi bangathola ulwazi mayelana nezindawo lapho izifo ezifana nekholera zivamile khona.

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho ikholera ivame khona, noma uma uhlela ukuya kwenye, qaphela kakhulu ngamanzi owaphuzayo. Geza izandla zakho kahle, futhi uqaphele lapho ulungisa ukudla. Lezi zinto zingakusiza:

• Amanzi asemabhodleleni
• Amaphilisi e-chlorine - amanzi ahlanzekile
• I-bleach yasekhaya - ukuhlanza amanzi (sebenzisa inani elifanele)
• Amaphilisi e-iodine - amanzi ahlanzekile
• Ukudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, kungaba ngenxa yekholera noma esinye isizathu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Kufanele ufake uketshezi nama-electrolyte esikhundleni sawo ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Le nkinga, ebizwa ngokuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngisho nokufa.

Nakuba singavami ukuzwa nge-cholera, iseyisongo esikhulu sempilo emhlabeni jikelele. Iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi isebenzisana ukunciphisa ukuqubuka kwe-cholera nokufa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Uma uya endaweni lapho ikholera ivame khona, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela kungakusiza ukuvikela wena nabanye. Phuza amanzi amaningi, iphalishi elinosawoti, kanye ne-jeevani ngokushesha nje lapho uthola isifo sohudo. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungahlala unamanzi emzimbeni, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Khumbula, inhlanzeko iyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu sokuvikela ikholera!

Ikholera , isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, i-Vibrio cholerae, amanzi ahlanzekile, ukuhlanzeka, izifo ezithelelanayo