Wake waphawula ukulimala okukodwa noma okubili ngokuzumayo emzimbeni wakho wabe usucabanga ukuthi, "Hawu, lokhu kwenzeke kuphi?" Kuvamile ukuthola ukulimala okuncane okunjalo ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa uma uthola ukulimala emzimbeni wakho wonke ngaphandle kwesizathu, uma izinsini zakho ziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo akho, noma uma ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane kungayeki ukuphuma kwegazi, kuyinto okufanele uyikhathazeke. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ngaso. Yilokho i-ITP.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ITP?
Igama eliphelele lalesi sifo, elifingqiwe ngokuthi i-ITP, yi-Immune Thrombocytopenia. Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu esihlobene negazi.
Cabanga ngakho, kunezingxenye ezincane kakhulu zamaseli ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-Platelet" egazini lethu. Zifana namasosha amancane emizimbeni yethu. Uma kukhona ukusikeka noma ukulimala endaweni ethile, umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi zinhlayiya ukushesha lapho, ukunamathelana, nokuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi.
Manje, nakhu okwenzekayo kumuntu one-ITP. Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esivikela umzimba wethu ezifweni, sivele siphelelwe yithemba. Ngenxa yaleyo nkinga, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibona ngephutha 'amasosha' ethu amahle, ama-platelet, njengesitha esivela ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yaleso sibonakaliso esingamanga, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siqala ukubhubhisa la ma-platelet.
Kalula nje, i-ITP yilapho uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lubhubhisa ama-platelet ethu avala igazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inani lama-platelet egazini lehle kakhulu ngaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile .
Uma ama-platelet ehla, ikhono lawo lokumisa ukopha nalo liyancipha. Yingakho uqala ukuphuka nokuphuma kwegazi ngokungadingekile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-ITP?
I-ITP ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi lokhu.
| Uhlobo lwe-ITP | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Acute ITP (i-ITP yesikhathi esifushane) | Lokhu kuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane (ikakhulukazi lezo ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-2-5) ngemva kokuba sezilulame ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Ngenhlanhla, kuvame ukunyamalala ngaphandle kokwelashwa. |
| I-ITP eqhubekayo | Lolu hlobo luhlala phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-3 nezi-12. |
| I-ITP Engapheli | Lokhu kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Lolu hlobo luvame ukukhula nakubantu abadala. Ngezinye izikhathi lungakhula nasezinganeni ezincane. Kungadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-ITP?
Izimpawu zibonakala kuphela uma inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ekuqaleni.
- Ukudumba okungazelelwe: Ukudumba okungazelelwe, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokunsomi kuvela ngaphandle kokulimala emzimbeni.
- Amabala abomvu esikhumbeni: Amabala abomvu-onsomi (`petechiae`) abukeka njengamabala amancane, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni engezansi. Empeleni lawa igazi eliphuma emithanjeni yegazi emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Amabala amakhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi kuvela amabala amakhulu abomvu, onsomi, noma ansundu (`Purpura`).
- Izinsini eziphuma igazi: Izinsini zakho zingaphuma igazi, kokubili lapho uxubha amazinyo akho nalapho umi nje lapho.
- Ukopha ekhaleni: Uma ukopha ekhaleni sekuqalile, kungaba nzima ukuyeka.
- Igazi emchameni noma endle: Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu.
- Ukopha kakhulu kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane: Ukuya esikhathini okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyi-7 nokopha kakhulu.
- Ukukhathala okungavamile: Ukukhathala ngokweqile nokukhathala okuzwakala ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-ITP?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko ye-ITP inkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Kodwa-ke, i-ITP ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi kungani le nkinga yenzeka.
1. I-ITP Eyinhloko: Kulolu hlobo lwe-ITP, ayikho imbangela ecacile yangaphandle. Amasosha omzimba avele angasebenzi kahle.
2. I-ITP yesibili: Kulesi simo, i-ITP yenzeka ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha noma ukutheleleka. Isibonelo:
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-'HIV' noma 'Hepatitis C'.
- Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okufana ne-'H. pylori'.
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba njenge-lupus.
- Lesi simo singabangelwa nayimithi ethile.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi,Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze nakanjani ukubonana nodokotela bese uthola iseluleko. Ungesabi. Udokotela uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi ahlole umzimba wakho.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoyala ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuze babone ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izimbangela zalezi zimpawu.
- Inani Eligcwele Legazi (FBC/CBC): Yilokhu okutshela ngqo ukuthi inani lama-platelet akho liphansi kangakanani.
- Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungaphandle: Kulokhu, kuthathwa ithonsi legazi bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola uhlobo lwama-platelet.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Ungase futhi uhlolwe izifo ezifana ne-HIV kanye ne-Hepatitis C.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-ITP ozoqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uzoqala ukwelashwa noma cha ngokusekelwe enanini lama-platelet akho, ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho, kanye nengozi yakho yokopha.
Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezinikezwayo:
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Lena uhlobo lokuqala lwemithi olunikezwayo. Le mithi isebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokuvimba ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet.
- I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Lokhu ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (njengesixazululo sikasawoti). Uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu, kungasiza ekwandiseni inani lama-platelet akho ngokushesha.
- Ukufakwa Kweplatelet: Uma kwenzeka ukopha okukhulu, okusongela ukuphila (isibonelo, ukopha ebuchosheni), amaplatelet avela kumuntu ophilile anikezwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo.
- Eminye imithi: Uma ukwelashwa kokuqala kungalawuli lesi sifo, kunikezwa imithi ekhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet (njenge-`Elthrombopag`, `Romiplostim`) noma elawula amasosha omzimba ngezinye izindlela (njenge-`Rituximab`).
- Ukususwa kwe-spleen: Ubende luyindawo enkulu yokubhujiswa kwama-platelet emzimbeni wethu. Uma lesi sifo singenakulawuleka ngemithi, odokotela batusa ukususwa kwe-spleen ngokuhlinzwa kwabanye abantu.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-ITP
I-ITP Engapheli yisimo esingaba nawe isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunakekela izinto ezincane ukuze uzivikele ezingozini nasekuphumeni kwegazi ngenkathi uphila impilo evamile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungaphuzi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu noma eminye imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ikakhulukazi imithi efana ne-'Aspirin' kanye ne-'Ibuprofen' yandisa ingozi yokopha.
- Zivikele: Gwema imidlalo yokuthintana efana ne-rugby kanye nebhola. Uma ugibela ibhayisikili, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela.
- Sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile: Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinsini.
- Qaphela uma usebenzisa izinto ezibukhali: Cabanga kabili ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nemimese kanye neziqeshana zezinzipho.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ITP yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ebhubhisa khona ama-platelet, okusiza ukugoba kwegazi.
- Uma uqhuma ngaphandle kwesizathu noma uphuma igazi njalo, ungakushayi indiva lokho bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- I-ITP ayiyona umdlavuza, futhi ayithelelani.
- Iningi labantu lingabhekana kahle nalesi simo ngemithi futhi liphile impilo evamile. Kwabanye, ikakhulukazi izingane, kuyaxazululeka ngokwako.
- Uma une-ITP, ungathathi noma yimiphi imithi (ikakhulukazi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu) ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
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