Wake waba nanoma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga ngemva kokudla izinhlanzi? Ake sixoxe ngeCiguatera!

Inhlanzi iwukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yithi sonke, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi emnandi ebanjwa olwandle lwaseSri Lanka. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngokungalindelekile, ngemva kokuyidla, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu besisu, isiyezi, ngisho nokuquleka. Ngisho noma ungayazi imbangela, kungaba ubuthi benhlanzi obuyingozi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngobuthi benhlanzi obungathi sína, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngabo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Ciguatera.

Kuyini i-Ciguatera? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-Ciguatera uhlobo loshevu wokudla oluvela lapho sidla izinhlanzi eziqukethe ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-Ciguatoxin . Le Ciguatoxin uhlobo loshevu we -neurotoxin . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa .

Cabanga nje, uhlobo lolwandle (i-algae) olubizwa ngokuthi ama-dinoflagellates (ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-'Gambierdiscus toxicus') olukhula eduze kwezindawo zamakhorali olwandle, ezincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama, lukhiqiza lobu buthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-ciguatoxin. Bese, izinhlanzi ezincane ezidla lezi zitshalo ziqoqa lobu buthi emizimbeni yazo. Bese, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla lezo zinhlanzi ezincane - njenge-grouper ne-snapper esizidlayo - ziqoqa lobu buthi emizimbeni yazo.

Into exakile ukuthi, lobu buthi abulimazi kakhulu izinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, inkinga iwukuthi uma sidla inhlanzi enalolu hlobo lobuthi. Khona-ke kungathinta hhayi nje kuphela uhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla , uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa , kodwa kwezinye izimo ezinzima, uhlelo lwethu lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi , okungukuthi, inhliziyo yethu.

I-Ciguatera ayisona isifo esisongela ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ER) ngokushesha . Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqinisa isimo sakho nokuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Kukuphi lapho lokhu kutholakala khona ubuthi okuvame ukubikwa khona?

Noma ubani emhlabeni angathola lobu buthi. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu uma udla izinhlanzi ezindaweni ezinezigxobo zamakhorali eziqukethe ulwelwe olunobuthi (ama-Dinoflagellates) engikhulume ngalo ekuqaleni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindawo ezifana noLwandle lwaseCaribbean kanye noLwandlekazi iSouth Pacific. E-United States, le ngozi ikhona phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezilwandle zaseSouth Florida, eBahamas, eziQhingini zaseVirgin, ePuerto Rico naseHawaii.

Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi ezibanjwa ezindaweni ezinjengalezi zisakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udla izinhlanzi kuphi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi inhlanzi oyidlayo ibanjwe endaweni yolwandle. Njengoba sinezihlabathi zamakhorali eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaqukatha i-Ciguatoxin?

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane zingaqukatha le ciguatoxin. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma udla noma iyiphi yalezi zinhlanzi, ungathola lobu buthi. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi yizinhlanzi ezinkulu ezihlala eduze kwamadwala e-coral futhi zidla ezinye izinhlanzi. Isibonelo, izinhlanzi ezifana nama-moray eel, ama-barracuda, nama-amberjack.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezivame ukubangela ubuthi beCiguatera:

• I-Amberjack
• I-Barracuda
• Iqembu
• I-Moray eel
• Inhlanzi ye-parrot
• Inhlanzi i-red snapper
• I-Sea bass
• I-mackerel yaseSpain
• I-Sturgeon
• Inhlanzi Ehlinzayo

Wazi kanjani ukuthi inhlanzi ine-ciguatoxin?

Yileyo inkinga. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ngaphandle kokuthi uyihlole elebhu. E-United States, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inezindawo zokuhlola ubuthi ezinhlanzini. Kodwa lokho akusebenzi uma upheka izinhlanzi ekhaya noma udla izinhlanzi nomngane wakho ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa.

Inhlanzi equkethe i-Ciguatoxin ayishintshi iphunga layo, ukunambitheka kwayo, noma ukubukeka kwayo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ifana nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi evamile. Futhi, lobu buthi abunyamalali ngisho nangemva kokufakwa eqhweni noma ukuphekwa kahle. Leyo ingenye yezinselele ezinkulu ekuvimbeleni ubuthi bezinhlanzi ze-Ciguatera. Inkinga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubona ubukhona balobu buthi ngaphandle kokubheka elebhu, futhi ubuthi abukwazi ukususwa ngesikhathi sokupheka.

Ivame kangakanani i-Ciguatera?

Lokhu kubikwa kakhulu ngokudla okunobuthi okuhlobene nezinhlanzi. Kubikwa amacala angaba yingxenye yezinkulungwane eziyikhulu (50,000) emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu belashwa ngalokhu futhi bangabikwa.

Ososayensi bathi inani leziguli zeCiguatera linganda ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luyandisa ukubhujiswa kwezixhobo zamakhorali. Ulwelwe olubizwa ngokuthi 'iGambierdiscus toxicus' olukhiqiza i-ciguatoxin lukhula kahle eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali ezifile noma ezifayo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwalolu lwelwe kuthinteka ezinye izinto eziningi, njengokushisa kwamanzi, usawoti, nokukhanya. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthi izinhlanzi ezinesifo seCiguatera zinobuthi?

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala zingakapheli amahora ayisithupha zidliwe izinhlanzi ezinobuthi. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30 zidliwe izinhlanzi, noma zingase zibambezeleke kuze kube usuku.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Umbono ofiphele
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho (hallucination)
• Isiyezi kanye ne-vertigo
• Ukujuluka okukhulu
• ukulunywa okukhulu
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uzwa ubuhlungu bezinyo noma izinyo liyanyakaza
• Ukunambitheka okushisayo, okusansimbi emlonyeni
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, amalunga, noma isisu
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuqaqamba emlonyeni, ezinyaweni zeminwe, nasezinzwaneni
• Ukuzwa izinto ezishisayo zibanda futhi izinto ezibandayo zishisa (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Allodynia')

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izimpawu ezinzima, kodwa ezingavamile kakhulu:

• Ukuzizwa ubanda, uthuthumela
• Ukulimala kwesikhumba
• Ukukhubazeka (ukulahlekelwa yizitho zomzimba)
• Ukunisela okuvela emlonyeni nasemahlweni
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esihamba kancane (i-Bradycardia)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension)

Uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ngemva kokudla inhlanzi enjalo, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Kungani i-Ciguatera yenzeka?

I-Ciguatera ibangelwa indlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo ku-toxin engikhulume ngayo , i-Ciguatoxin. Lobu buthi bukhiqizwa uhlobo lolwandle. Njengoba lobu buthi bukhuphuka ochungechungeni lokudla - kusukela ezinhlanzini ezincane kuya ezinhlanzini ezinkulu bese kuba ngabantu - buba namandla kakhulu futhi bube yingozi kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-Ciguatoxin ezinhlelweni zazo zokugaya ukudla. Lobu buthi bungaba phezulu kakhulu ekhanda lenhlanzi, emathunjini, esibindini nasemaqandeni .

Uma udla inhlanzi enobuthi, uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa luchayeka kulokho kungcola. Kushintsha indlela izinzwa zakho ezisebenza ngayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu:

• Izifo ezihambisana nokugaya ukudla (njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza)
• Okuhlobene nesistimu yezinzwa (njengokungazweli, ukuthuthumela, ubuhlungu)
• Isistimu yenhliziyo (njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane)

Lokhu kusabalala kanjani?

Uthola i-Ciguatera kuphela uma udla inhlanzi enobuthi.

Kodwa, kukhona into eyodwa. Omama abaningana abancelisayo abangenwe yiCiguatera babike ukuthi izingane zabo nazo ziqale ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuthi bungadluliselwa enganeni ngokuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyeka ukuncelisa kuze kube yilapho usululame kulesi simo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona nge-Ciguatera?

Uma uhlanza kakhulu, ungase uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awunawo amanzi anele. Kungadingeka ukuthi unikezwe i-saline (IV fluids) ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ukuze ugcwalise uketshezi lomzimba wakho. Izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila zifaka phakathi ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.Kulungile. Nakuba i-Ciguatera ingavamile ukubulala, kubalulekile ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele lezi zinkinga ezinkulu.

Ungayibona kanjani i-Ciguatera?

Indlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-Ciguatera yini ukuthi inhlanzi oyidlile ihlolwe elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi inalo yini ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, asikho isikhathi salokho uma uya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokuxilonga ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho nokuthi ngabe usanda kudla uhlobo oluthile lwenhlanzi eyingozi .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Ciguatera?

Akukho umuthi oqondile walobu buthi, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuhloselwe kakhulu ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Yiziphi lezi zindlela zokwelapha?

Lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Amalahle Asebenzayo: Uma udle inhlanzi zingakapheli amahora amane, futhi ungekho engozini yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, udokotela wakho angakunika amalahle asebenzayo ukuze akuhlanze. Lokhu kunganciphisa nokumuncwa kobuthi obuthile.
• Ama-diuretics e-Osmotic: Le mithi isiza ukunciphisa inani lamanzi emzimbeni wakho futhi isize ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa. Uma isimo sakho sizinzile futhi ungekho engozini yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, unganikezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi iMannitol (Osmitrol®) ngomugqa we-saline (IV) ukuze unciphise izimpawu.
• Imithi yobuhlungu: Unganikwa i-Gabapentin noma i-Amitriptyline ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bemizwa. Lokhu kunganciphisa nemiphumela emibi njengokulunywa okukhulu. Ngobuhlungu obujwayelekile, unganikwa umuthi ongeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) noma i-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) .

Yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo okufanele ngizigweme ngemva kokwelashwa?

Kukhona ukudla okuthile okungabangela izimpawu zibuye kubantu asebeluleme kwi-Ciguatera. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi ugweme lokhu kudla.

Kungcono ukugwema lezi zinto okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha :

• Utshwala (lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezimpawu ezihlobene nenhliziyo).
• Inhlanzi (ngisho nenhlanzi engeyona enobuthi).
• Amantongomane.
• Izinhlobo zembewu.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Kwabaningi abantu, izimpawu ziyaphela zingakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa . Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zihlale izinyanga, futhi akuvamile ngisho neminyaka. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa zihlala isikhathi eside.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-Ciguatera?

Iningi labantu liba ngcono phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukuthi zonke izimpawu zesimiso sezinzwa ziphele ngokuphelele. Uma ugwema ukudla neziphuzo (njengotshwala) ezingadala lezo zimpawu, ekugcineni uzolulama ngokuphelele.

Izinga lokufa ngenxa yobuthi beCiguatera liphansi kakhulu – cishe oyedwa kwabayi-1,000. Iningi lokufa libangelwa izinkinga ezithinta inhliziyo namaphaphu. Izinkinga ezinjalo zingavinjelwa uma uya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ingabe ubuthi bezinhlanzi zeCiguatera bungavinjelwa?

Ukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela i-Ciguatera ukugwema ukudla izinhlanzi eziqukethe ubuthi. Inkinga iwukuthi, ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi inhlanzi ethile inalo yini lobu buthi ngaphandle kokubuhlola elabhorethri.

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema izinhlanzi ezitholakala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali, okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ziqukethe i-Ciguatera. Uma uzidla izinhlanzi ezinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ugwema izingxenye okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ziqukethe ubuthi - ikhanda, amathumbu, isibindi namaqanda.

Kufanele ngiye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?

Uma usanda kudla izinhlanzi ezivela emanzini ashisayo nawasezindaweni ezishisayo futhi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-Ciguatera, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha. Ukwenza isinyathelo ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo ukulawula izimpawu zami?
• Uma ngilulama, ngizohlolwa kangaki?
• Yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo okufanele ngikugweme ezinsukwini/emasontweni/ezinyangeni ezizayo?
• Ngingahlala kanjani ngiphilile futhi ngimatasa ngenkathi ngilulama kulokhu kudla okunobuthi?
• Ingabe kufanele ngigweme ngokuphelele ukudla izinhlanzi ezitholakala emanzini asolwandle esikhathini esizayo?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Ciguatera yisifo esingakuthumela esibhedlela ngokushesha ngemva kokudla inhlanzi emnandi. Indlela kuphela yokusivimbela - okuwukuyeka ngokuphelele ukudla izinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo - kungaba nzima kancane ngoba kusho ukuyeka ukudla okuthandayo. Akuwona wonke ama-red snapper noma ama-rockfish owadlayo aqukethe lobu buthi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Uma udla enye yalezo zinhlanzi eziyingozi futhi uzwa ubuhlungu besisu, ubuthakathaka, ukungazweli, ukuqaqamba, noma ezinye izimpawu zezinzwa, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza.

'I-Ciguatera, ubuthi bezinhlanzi, i-ciguatoxin, ubuthi bokudla, ubuthi be-neurotoxin, izinhlanzi zasemanzini amakhorali, izimpawu