Ingabe nawe uzizwa udangele futhi ukhungathekile ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe lokho kuwukucindezeleka? (Isifo Esiyinhloko Sokucindezeleka)

Kuvamile ukuthi sonke sizizwe sidabukile, sidumele futhi sinesizungu ngezinye izikhathi empilweni yethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi lapho silahlekelwa umsebenzi, lapho silahlekelwa othandekayo, noma lapho sibhekene nenkinga enkulu, sizizwa sicindezelekile kakhulu. Kodwa lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Clinical Depression noma i-Major Depression Disorder sihlukile kancane, futhi kuyinto okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba kuthinta abantu abaningi.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ngempela ukucindezeleka kwezokwelapha?

Kalula nje, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo esithinta izingqondo zethu. Sibonakala ngemizwa yokudabuka isikhathi eside, ukuphelelwa yithemba, kanye nokulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni esasizijabulela. Cabanga ngokuthi wawukujabulela kangakanani ukuchitha isikhathi nabangani, ukubukela ibhayisikobho, ukufunda incwadi, noma ukuzibandakanya nezinto ozithandayo. Kodwa uma ungena kulesi simo, uthola ukuthi azikho lezo zinto ezibonakala zibalulekile.

Lokhu kucindezeleka kungathinta ukulala kwakho, isifiso sokudla, kanye nekhono lokucabanga kahle. Ukuze odokotela baxilonge lesi simo, lezi zimpawu kumele zibe khona usuku lonke okungenani amasonto amabili.

Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kuyisimo esingamahlalakhona. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuza ngeziqephu. Isiqephu ngasinye singahlala amasonto noma izinyanga. Ungase ube neziqephu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa empilweni yakho. Lokhu kuhlukile enkingeni yokucindezeleka eqhubekayo, okuwukucindezeleka okuncane kuya kokumaphakathi okuhlala okungenani iminyaka emibili.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo esikhulu sokucindezeleka. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Isifo Sokuthinteka Kwezinkathi : Lokhu ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ngezinguquko ezithile zesizini.
• Ukucindezeleka Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha Nangemva Kokubeletha : Ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokubeletha.
• Ukucindezeleka Okungavamile : Isifo sokucindezeleka esibonisa izimpawu ezihlukile kancane ekucindezelekeni okuvamile.

Abantu abaningi abanokucindezeleka bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njenge:

• Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa
• Isifo Sokwethuka
• Isifo Sokukhathazeka Komphakathi
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD)

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuzizwa udangele ngendlela evamile kanye nalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kwezokwelapha?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele lapho sinezinkinga empilweni, lapho silahlekelwa umsebenzi, lapho ubuhlobo buphela. Abanye abantu baze bathi ngaleso sikhathi, "Ngizizwa ngicindezelekile." Kodwa,Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okukhulu sihlukile. Kulokhu, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukudabuka nokukhungatheka kuba khona cishe nsuku zonke okungenani amasonto amabili, kodwa futhi kunezinye izimpawu eziningi.

Abantu abaningi bamane babize ukucindezeleka okungokwempilo kanye nesifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokuthi "ukucindezeleka," okungase kuholele ekudidekeni ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zokucindezeleka. Isibonelo , isifo sokucindezeleka esiqhubekayo kanye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini . Kulezi, ukucindezeleka okungokwempilo kubhekwa njengohlobo lokucindezeleka olubi kakhulu.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lokhu kucindezeleka kwezokwelapha?

Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani. Kungenzeka ezinganeni, kubantu abadala abasebasha, kubantu abadala, kunoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuqala eminyakeni yama-20. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala.

Kutholakale ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukucindezeleka ngokwengqondo kunabesilisa. Kuvamile futhi kulabo abanobuhlobo obuncane obuseduze, noma abaye bahlukana, bahlukana, noma balahlekelwe umlingani.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo empeleni kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu sempilo yengqondo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuthinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-5% no-17% emhlabeni wonke ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Lokho kusho ukuthi abaningi bethu cishe bayadlula kukho.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu kucindezeleka kwezokwelapha?

Izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwengqondo zingahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlala cishe usuku lonke, cishe nsuku zonke, okungenani amasonto amabili .

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuzizwa udabuke kakhulu, ungenalutho, futhi ungenathemba (umoya ophansi). Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abasha bangase babonakale becasukile kunokuba badabuke.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele isithakazelo ezintweni nemisebenzi obekujabulele ngaphambilini.
• Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni noma ekunciphiseni isisindo.
• Ukukhuluma kancane, ukwehla kokunyakaza komzimba, kanye nokucabanga okuphazamiseka (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).
• Ukungalali noma i-hypersomnia.
• Ukulahlekelwa amandla noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo.
• Ukuzizwa ungafaneleki, noma ukuzizwa unecala ngokweqile.
• Ukuncipha kokuhlushwa.
• Ukuba nemicabango ngokufa noma ukuzibulala.

Okubalulekile:Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemicabango yokuzibulala, sicela ufune usizo ngokushesha. ESri Lanka, ungashayela ucingo lwe-Sumedha ku-1926. Kukhona umuntu otholakalayo ukukusiza amahora angama-24 ngosuku.

Kungani sithola lokhu kucindezeleka kwezokwelapha? Ziyini izimbangela?

Abacwaningi abakayazi imbangela eqondile yokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, bakholelwa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezibangela lesi simo. Lezi zifaka:

• I-chemistry yobuchopho: Ukungalingani kwe -neurotransmitter i-serotonin, i-norepinephrine, kanye ne-dopamine ebuchosheni bethu kucatshangwa ukuthi kunegalelo ekucindezelekeni. Ngaphambilini kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungalingani kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha lusikisela ukuthi lokhu kungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwezifunda ze-neural eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchopho.
• Izakhi zofuzo: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (isib. umzali, umfowenu noma udadewenu) linesifo sokucindezeleka, cishe unamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola lesi simo kunomuntu ongenawo umlando womndeni. Kodwa-ke, ungasithola ngisho noma kungekho muntu emndenini wakho onaso.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuntwana: Okuhlangenwe nakho okubi kobuntwana (ama-ACE) , njengokuhlukunyezwa kanye nezehlakalo ezibuhlungu, kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezeleka kwezokwelapha kamuva ekuphileni.
• Izehlakalo ezicindezelayo empilweni: Okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima njengokufa komuntu omthandayo, ukubhekana nokulimala okukhulu, isehlukaniso, isizungu, kanye nokuntuleka kokusekelwa kungabangela lesi simo kubantu abavame ukucindezeleka.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela baxilonga ukucindezeleka ngokwezokwelapha ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kahle izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wempilo yengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngohlobo lwezimpawu zakho, bangase bakuxilonge nge-subtype ethile, njenge- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) noma i-Atypical Depression .

Ukuze utholakale unesifo sokucindezeleka, kumele okungenani ube nezimpawu ezinhlanu engizikhulumile ekuqaleni, cishe nsuku zonke, cishe usuku lonke, okungenani amasonto amabili ngesikhathi. Ezimbili zalezo zimpawu ezinhlanu kumele kube ukungabi nandaba nokuphelelwa yisithakazelo emisebenzini obuyijabulela .

Udokotela wakho kuzodingeka futhi akhiphe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho (isib., ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa). Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Futhi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukaze ube neziqephu ze- hypomania noma i-mania ngaphambili. Ngoba uma uke waba nazo, kuzokwenzaIsifo se-bipolar singaba khona. Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wabantu abanokucindezeleka okubangelwa yisifo sokucindezeleka kamuva baba nesifo se-bipolar.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kuvame ukwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yemithi kanye/noma i-psychotherapy . Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokwelapha isebenza kangcono kunakho kokubili.

Ukwelapha ngengqondo kukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo , njengososayensi wengqondo. Uchwepheshe wakho wengqondo uzokusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe imizwa yakho engaphilile, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-psychotherapy - Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT) kanye Nokwelashwa Kokuxhumana Nabantu (i-IPT) yizindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kwezokwelapha. Ungabona udokotela wakho wengqondo kanye ngesonto noma njalo emavikini amabili.

Ama-antidepressant imithi esiza ukulungisa izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni ezibangela ukucindezeleka. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-antidepressant. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola okulungele wena, futhi kungadingeka uzame izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa ivame ukuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwezokwelapha kungazange kusabele kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Kuhilela ukuthumela ugesi omncane ebuchosheni bakho, okubangela ukuxhuzula isikhashana. I-ECT iyindlela yokwelapha ephephile. Kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu.

Kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhuthaza ukucindezeleka ezingaphenduli emithini:

• Ukukhuthazwa Kwamagnetic Kwe-Transcranial (TMS)
• Ukukhuthazwa Kwemizwa Yesitho Sangasese Sowesifazane (VNS)
• I-Ketamine ne-Esketamine

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka?

Uma uqala ukuthatha imithi yokucindezeleka, ungase ubone ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu zakho phakathi namasonto amabili okuqala. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zemithi ukuze ululame ngokugcwele.

Uma umuthi ungasebenzi ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angase akwazi ukushintsha umthamo noma akunikeze omunye umuthi.

Kuye ngobukhulu bokucindezeleka kwakho, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngokwelashwa ngengqondo. Ezimweni eziningi, ungalindela ukubona intuthuko enkulu ezimpawini zakho ngemva kwezikhathi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 zokwelashwa.

Singakuvimbela yini lokhu kucindezeleka kwezokwelapha ukuthi kungakhuli?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungenakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sisize ekunciphiseni ingozi:

• Ukulala kahle nokugcina iphethini yokulala enempilo.
• Ukuzijwayeza izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nokucindezeleka.
• Ukuzibandakanya njalo emisebenzini yokuzinakekela njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla kanye ne-yoga.
• Ukuphatha ezinye izimo zempilo yomzimba noma yengqondo ongase ube nazo.
• Ukugwema ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nezinye izidakamizwa.

Uma uke waba nesiqephu sokucindezeleka kwengqondo ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde ube naso. Uma unezimpawu zokucindezeleka, thola usizo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Iyini inkomba yokucindezeleka kwezokwelapha?

Inkambo yesikhathi esizayo yokucindezeleka ngokwezokwelapha, okungukuthi, ithemba lokululama, incike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ubunzima besifo.
• Ukuthi uzofuna ukwelashwa noma cha.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinye izimo zengqondo noma zomzimba.

Labo abanezimo ezibuthakathaka, labo abathola ukwelashwa, kanye nalabo abanezinhlelo zokusekela eziqinile banethuba elikhulu lokululama. Labo abanezinye izifo zengqondo noma izinkinga zobuntu, kanye nalabo abatholakale beneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu bangase babe nethuba eliphansi lokululama.

Uma kungelashwa, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungahlala izinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12.

Ngokudabukisayo, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka kwengqondo bacabanga ukuzibulala. Futhi phakathi kuka-10% no-15% wabantu abanalesi simo bafa ngokuzibulala.

Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungenye yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingelapheka kakhulu. Abantu abaphakathi kuka-80% no-90% abafuna ukwelashwa bagcina besabela kahle ekwelashweni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma ukucindezeleka kwezokwelapha kungelashwa, kungaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Abantu abanokucindezeleka kwezokwelapha basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zokukhathazeka kanye nezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa , okwandisa ingozi yokuzibulala.

Ukucindezeleka kungenza izimo zomzimba ezikhona zibe zimbi kakhulu noma kube nzima ukuzilawula. Isibonelo:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (Umfutho wegazi ophezulu)
• Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
• Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo

Abantu abanokucindezeleka okungokwempilo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okulimazayo njengendlela yokubhekana nezimpawu zabo.

Uma ngibhekene nesimo esinjengalesi, yini engingayenza?

Ngaphezu kokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kochwepheshe, kunezinto ongazenza ekhaya ukusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho:

• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Ukulala kahle ebusuku (hhayi kancane, akusekho okunye).
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo.
• Ukugwema ukusebenzisa utshwala (utshwala buyadambisa ukucindezeleka).
• Ukuchitha isikhathi nalabo obathandayo nabakhathalelayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngalokhu?

Uma unezimpawu zokucindezeleka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Bangakunikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi basikisele izindlela ezifanele zokwelapha.

Uma usuqalile ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka ngokwempilo futhi kungasebenzi kahle, noma unemiphumela emibi engathandeki, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho futhi. Bangaphakamisa uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhlukile.

Khumbula, i-Major Depression Disorder iyisifo esivame kakhulu sempilo yengqondo. Singenzeka kunoma ubani - ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi singelashwa ngempumelelo. Uma unezimpawu, khuluma nodokotela. Uma uthola usizo ngokushesha, kulapho ungalulama khona ngokushesha.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ake ngikutshele ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhulume ngazo ukuze zikusize uzikhumbule.

• Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokucindezeleka: ukudabuka okuvamile kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo/isifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu . Ukucindezeleka kuyisifo sengqondo esidinga ukwelashwa.
• Lokhu kungafaka izimpawu ezifana nokudabuka isikhathi eside, ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo emisebenzini eyayijatshulelwa ngaphambilini, izinguquko zokulala/isifiso sokudla, ukuntuleka kwamandla, kanye nemicabango yokuzibulala .
• Lokhu kungathonywa yizici eziningi, njengezakhi zofuzo, izinguquko zamakhemikhali obuchopho, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho empilweni .
• Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kulokhu! Imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma) kungakusiza ukuthi ube ngcono.
• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuthola usizo kusenesikhathi. Awuwedwa, baningi abantu abangasiza.

Ukucindezeleka , Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okukhulu, Ukucindezeleka Kwezokwelapha, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Impilo Yengqondo