Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngama-polyp akho ekholoni? Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Sonke sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izinto zingenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi sazi. Ikholoni lakho, ithumbu elikhulu lapho ukudla esikudlayo kugaywa khona kanye nemfucuza esiyishiyayo, ngezinye izikhathi kungakhula amahlumela amancane ngaphakathi. Yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi `(Colon Polyps)`. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama, kulungile? Ngoba iningi lala ma-polyp alinangozi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile ezingaphenduka umdlavuza uma zingelashwa isikhathi eside. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuqaphela lawa ma-`(Colon Polyps)`.

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi polyp zamathumbu amakhulu?

Kalula nje, lawa ma-`(Colon Polyps)` ayizimila ezingavamile zamangqamuzana ezakheka odongeni lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu akho amakhulu, okungukuthi, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Afana nesimila esincane. Angaqala njengenqwaba yeseli elilodwa futhi akhule kancane kancane. Lawa ma-polyp angakheka nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, isibonelo, esiswini, ekhaleni, noma ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesifazane.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ukuthi nje unala ma-polyp akusho ukuthi awumdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, umdlavuza we-colorectal uqala nge-polyp efana nale. Yingakho odokotela bebheka la ma-polyp ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy bese bewasusa uma ekhona.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polyp? Ahluke kanjani?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polyp ezakha emathunjini amakhulu. Odokotela bawahlukanisa ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Esinye isimo se-polyp .

• Kukhona ama-polyp abukeka njengamakhowe amancane ahlume. Lokho kusho ukuthi anesiqu esincane kanye nekhanda phezu kwaso. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyp "angama-Pedunculated".
• Olunye uhlobo lukhula oluyisicaba, olufana neqhubu olunamathele odongeni lwamathumbu ngaphandle kwesiqu. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyp e-``Sessile``.

Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa izici ezincane kakhulu zala ma-polyp. Okusho ukuthi, indlela amangqamuzana akhiwe ngayo. Yinqubo la maseli akhula ngayo enquma ukuthi i-polyp ingaphenduka umdlavuza noma cha. Ngakho-ke, amandla omdlavuza wohlobo ngalunye lwe-polyp ahlukile.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-polyps abonwayo:

• Ama-polyps e-Adenomatous (adenomas): Lawa avame kakhulu. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezincane zalawa:
• Ama-adenoma e-Tubular
• Ama-adenoma e-Villous
• Ama-adenoma e-Tubulovillous
• Ama-polyp aqunyiwe: Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zalawa.
• Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki
• Izilonda ezifakwe i-sessile
• Ama-adenoma endabuko anezimbotshana
• Ama-Hamartomas (ama-polyps amancane): Lawa avame ukubonakala kubantu abasha.
• Ama-polyp okuvuvukala (noma ama-pseudopolyp): Lawa empeleni akuwona ama-polyp, sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-polyp ngokwengozi yomdlavuza: Ama-Neoplastic kanye nama-Non-neoplastic

Lolu uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-polyp "angama-Neoplastic" yizinhlobo ezingaba nomdlavuza. Ama-polyp "angewona ama-neoplastic" yizinhlobo ezingenamathuba (noma ezinamathuba aphansi kakhulu) okuba nomdlavuza.

• (Neoplastic) ama-polyp ( ingozi yomdlavuza ):
• Zonke izinhlobo ze-adenomas (ama-Adenomas)
• Izilonda ezifakwe i-sessile
• Ama-adenoma endabuko anezimbotshana

• Ama-polyp (angewona ama-neoplastic) (aphansi/angenawo umdlavuza):
• Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki
• Ama-polyp amancane (ama-Hamartomas)
• Ama-pseudopolyps okuvuvukala

Zivame kangakanani lezi polyp zamathumbu amakhulu?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abadala abangu-20%, noma cishe oyedwa kwabahlanu, bangaba nalezi zinhlayiya. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50, cishe abangu-40%, noma cishe abane kwabayishumi, bangaba nalesi simo. Ungamangali, ezinye izingane nazo ziba nalezi zinhlayiya, eziningi zazo zifinyelela ku-6%. Noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaluphi uhlanga, inkolo, noma ubulili, usengozini yokuthola lezi zinhlayiya kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

Mangaki ama-polyp amathumbu amakhulu aba umdlavuza?

Nakhu okudingeka ukuqonde. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-polyp zinamandla okuba umdlavuza. Yingakho odokotela bezisusa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane kakhulu kuphela eliba umdlavuza. Futhi, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi i-polyp ibe umdlavuza. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo ze-colonoscopy njalo nokususa la ma-polyp ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza.

Uma sikhuluma nje, cishe u-75% womdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uqala njengama-polyp adenomatous. Futhi, cishe u-80% wawo wonke ama-polyp atholakalayo angama-adenomas. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-5% kuphela wala ma-adenomas aba yingozi ngempela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-polyp evamile isengozini engu-8% yokuba nomdlavuza eminyakeni eyi-10 kanye nengozi engu-24% eminyakeni engama-20.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-colon polyps?

Nakhu lapho kuba khona ukudideka okuncane. Esikhathini esiningi, la ma-polyp awabonisi zimpawu, noma ngabe zikhona.Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kubaluleke kangaka. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela, i-polyp kungenzeka ukuthi isivele isiphenduke umdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Igazi esitulweni noma ezinye izimpawu: Uma i-polyp iphuma igazi, ungase ubone igazi esitulweni sakho noma ube negazi ephepheni lakho langasese. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphuma kwegazi kuhamba kancane kangangokuthi ungase ungakuboni nokukubona. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uzoqala ukukubona. Ungase ube ne -anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi , okungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka.
• Izinguquko ezingachazeki emikhubeni yamathumbu: Akuvamile, abanye abantu bangase bahlakulele isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo. Noma bangase babe nokwanda koketshezi olufana ne-mucus oluphuma nendle yabo. Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi zalezi zimpawu kune-polyps. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela, ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela ushintsho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela bese uthola ukuhlolwa okufana ne-colonoscopy ngemuva kweminyaka engu-45-50 (noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nalesi sifo) kunokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu.

Kungani sithola la ma-polyp ekholoni?

Esikhathini esiningi, la ma-polyp akhula ngokungahleliwe. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangakhula la ma-polyp ngenxa yezifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi inani elikhulu lama-polyp likhule kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yama-polyps?

Imbangela eyinhloko ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Kalula nje, lapho amangqamuzana ethu ehlukana futhi enza amangqamuzana amasha, kwenzeka amaphutha amancane kukhodi yezakhi zofuzo yalawo maseli. Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana esikhumba, okuhlanganisa nekholoni, ahlala ezivuselela, la maphutha angenzeka kakhulu. Lapho la mazakhi zofuzo eshintsha, indlela amangqamuzana akhula futhi aziphathe ngayo iyashintsha.

Ezinye izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo zidluliselwa kusuka emndenini kuya emndenini (ama-syndromes azuzwe njengefa). Ezinye zibonakala zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, kodwa kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-polyp angahleliwe nawo abangelwa izici zezakhi zofuzo, kanye nezici eziyingozi zemvelo.

Yiziphi ezinye izimbangela zama-polyps?

1. Izakhi zofuzo:

Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umzali, umfowabo, ingane) libe nama-polyp, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nawo. Futhi, izimo ezithile zofuzo zingabangela ama-polyp. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
• I-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
• I-polyposis ehlobene ne-MUTYH
• Isifo sikaGardner
• I-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
• I-Turcot syndrome
• I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
• I-Juvenile polyposis syndrome

2. Izici Zemvelo Nendlela Yokuphila:

Lokhu kusho izinto ezifana nendawo esihlala kuyo, imikhuba yethu yokuphila, njll. Lokhu kungathinta nokukhula kwama-polyps.

• Ukuguga: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ukubhema.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, okungena-fiber eningi: Ukudla inyama ebomvu eningi, inyama ecutshunguliwe, kanye nezithelo nemifino embalwa.
• Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu (IBD): Izimo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis.

Icala elikhethekile: Ama-pseudopolyps okuvuvukala

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lawa akuzona “ama-polyp” angempela abangelwa ukushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Abangelwa ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda emathunjini, okushiya izicubu ezibomvu ezibukeka njengezimbotshana zesikhumba. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwethunjini (ukuvuvukala okungapheli noma i-colitis) kuyimbangela eyinhloko yalezi zilonda. Zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD). Aziphenduki zibe umdlavuza.

Odokotela bawathola kanjani la ma-polyp?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nenembile yokuthola ama-polyp ku-colon is a colonoscopy. Kulokhu, kufakwa ithubhu eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera encane kanye nokukhanya (i-colonoscope) nge-anus bese kuhlolwa lonke i-colon. Nakuba ezinye "izivivinyo zesithombe" zingathola ama-polyp, inzuzo ekhethekile ye-"colonoscopy" ukuthi ingathola ama-polyp, iwasuse ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ithathe izingcezu ezincane ukuze zihlolwe (biopsy).

Amasampula ezicubu athathwe ngale ndlela athunyelwa elabhorethri futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngudokotela wezifo. Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho sizokwazi khona ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-polyp nokuthi luqukethe yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

I-colonoscopy idinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile ukuze kuhlanzwe i-colon ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, okungaba yinto engakhululekile kwabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase benze ukuhlolwa okulula kokuhlola kuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ama-polyp kolunye ukuhlolwa, kuzodingeka i-colonoscopy ukuze isuswe.

Kunezinye izivivinyo eziningana ezengeziwe ezingenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ama-polyp:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kungabona i-anemia ebangelwa ukopha isikhathi eside. Iphaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic ingathola ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte emzimbeni. Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-polyposis syndrome yefa, ungase futhi uhlolwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze ubone ukuthi unayo yini i-gene mutation.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elingabonakali lendle (FOBT)`` ukuhlola inani elincane legazi esitulweni elincane kakhulu ukuthi lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Ezinye izivivinyo zihlola i-`DNA`` esitulweni ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko zomdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Njengendlela ehlukile kune-colonoscopy evamile, i-virtual colonoscopy (uhlobo lwe-CT scan) kanye ne-capsule endoscopy (i-capsule encane oyigwinyayo ukuze ubheke i-colon yakho) ingenziwa. I-barium enema ingabonisa ama-polyp ngezinye izikhathi.

Mangaki ama-polyp atholakala ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy ejwayelekile?

Kungcono ukungabi nama-polyp nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuba nama-polyp elilodwa noma amabili, noma ngisho namanye ambalwa. Odokotela babheka inani lama-polyp onawo, usayizi wawo, indawo, kanye nohlobo lwawo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-polyp akhula kancane kakhulu, ukuba nama-polyp ambalwa amancane kusho ukuthi usesengozini encane yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ungase ubhekwe njengosengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu zama-polyps.
• Uma ama-polyp amakhulu kune-10 millimeters (1 centimeter).
• Uma ama-polyp engakwesokudla kwekholoni (isb., ikholoni ye-sigmoid noma ikholoni enqamulayo).
• Uma unama-polyp ohlobo lwe-`(Villous)` noma `(Tubulovillous adenomas)`.
• Uma unama-polyp ohlobo lwe-"Sessile serrated lesions" noma uhlobo lwe-"Serrated adenomas".
• Uma une-polyposis syndrome ezuzwe njengefa.

La ma-polyp amathumbu amakhulu aphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ukususa ama-polyp ku-colon.. Kodwa-ke, uma une-non-neoplastic polyps kuphela, ezingengozini yokuba nomdlavuza, ungase ungakwazi ukuzisusa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-polyp iyi-neoplastic noma ayi-neoplastic kuze kube yilapho ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Kungathatha isonto noma amabili ukuthi imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy ibuye.

Ngokususa ama-polyp ama-neoplastic, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu cishe ngo-80%! Kodwa-ke, uma usunama-polyp, angabuya. Udokotela wakho uzobheka uhlobo lwama-polyp oye waba nawo futhi ahlole ingozi yakho yokuba nama-polyp esikhathini esizayo. I-colonoscopy elandelayo izohlelwa ngokusekelwe kuleyo ngozi.

Ukususwa kwe-Colon Polyp

Udokotela owenza i-colonoscopy – ngokuvamile udokotela wezifo zamathumbu noma udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorenteral – angasusa ama-polyp amaningi ngesikhathi senqubo yakho. Le nqubo elula ibizwa ngokuthi i-polypectomy. Kodwa-ke, uma unama-polyp amakhulu noma okunzima ukuwasusa, izinqubo ezikhethekile (ukususwa kwe-mucosal endoscopic noma i-endoscopic submucosal dissection) zingasetshenziswa ukuzisusa.

Ukuqapha Ikholoni

Uma i-colonoscopy yakho ingatholi ama-polyp e-neoplastic, cishe kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo eminyakeni engaba yi-10. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-polyp akho e-neoplastic esusiwe, isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo singahluka. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe eminyakeni eyodwa, emithathu, emihlanu, noma eyisikhombisa, kuye ngezici zakho zobungozi.

Ingabe ama-polyp ekholoni angavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela ama-polyp. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekela impilo yakho iyonke kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthola ama-polyp ngezinga elithile.

• Ukudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino kanye nezithelo eziningi.
• Ukunciphisa amafutha ezilwane (ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu, inyama ecutshunguliwe).
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nokubhema.

Lezi zinto ziyasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.

Ngakho-ke zingakanani izigaxa zamathumbu amakhulu?

Ama-polyp ekholoni angaba yingozi ngoba anamandla okuphenduka umdlavuza. Kodwa khumbula, ama-polyp amaningi awawona umdlavuza uma etholakala. Amanye angaba umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma engelashwa. Yingakho odokotela bewasusa lapho etholakala.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami mayelana nama-polyp ami amathumbu amakhulu?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Hlobo luni lwe-`(Colon Polyps)` enginalo?
• Ingabe ama-polyp ami "angama-neoplastic" (anengozi yokuba nomdlavuza) noma "angama-neoplastic" (angenangozi yokuba nomdlavuza)?
• Ingabe ingozi yami yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu iphansi, ijwayelekile, noma iphezulu?
• Ingabe kufanele ngithole ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-polyposis syndromes yefa?
• Ama-polyp angakhula ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokususwa?
• Kufanele ngiyenze nini i-colonoscopy yami elandelayo?

Abantu abaningi bayayesaba i-colonoscopy yabo ehleliwe futhi bayazibuza ukuthi bangayihlehlisa yini. “Kungani kufanele ukhathazeke kangaka ukuze nje uqiniseke ukuthi anginawo ama-polyp?” ungase uzibuze. Kodwa uma unama-polyp, i-colonoscopy iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuwathola nokuwelapha ungakaqapheli.

Ukuthola ukuthi unama-polyp ekholoni kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi banawo, futhi abaningi abakaze babe nomdlavuza. Akudingeki ukhathazeke nge-polyp etholakele futhi yasuswa. Into ebalulekile ukuyithola bese uyisusa ngesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba ibe umdlavuza.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi okuningi ngama-polyp amathumbu amakhulu, akunjalo? Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukwesabe.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45-50, bese uthola izivivinyo ezifana ne-colonoscopy uma kudingeka. Ngemuva kwalokho la ma-polyp angatholakala futhi asuswe kalula ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza.

Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni le ngozi. Izinto ezifana nokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile zilungele impilo yamathumbu akho, kanye nomzimba wakho wonke.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezifo zamathumbu. Hlala uphilile!