Sonke sifuna ukuhlala siphilile, akunjalo? Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izinto zingenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi sazi. Emathunjini akho amakhulu—ingxenye yesimiso sakho sokugaya ukudla lapho kudlula khona imfucuza—izitshalo ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula olwelwesini lwangaphakathi. Lokhu yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi (Colon Polyps) . Sicela ungakhathazeki ngaleli gama! Iningi lala ma-polyp alinangozi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zingathuthuka zibe umdlavuza uma zingelashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuba nolwazi oluhle mayelana (Colon Polyps) .
Ngakho-ke, ayini ngempela ama-Colon Polyps?
Kalula nje, (ama-Colon Polyps) ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli akhula olwelwesini lwangaphakathi (ulwelwesi lwamafinyila) lwamathumbu akho amakhulu. Abonakala njengamaqhubu amancane noma amaqhubu. Avame ukuqala njengeqoqo elincane lamaseli futhi angakhula abe makhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-polyps afanayo angavela nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengesisu, impumulo, noma uhlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuba ne-polyp akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lomdlavuza we-colorectal livela kulezi zinhlobo zama-polyp. Yingakho, ngesikhathi se- (Colonoscopy) , odokotela babheka ngokucophelela lezi zimila bese bezisusa uma zitholakala.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polyp? Ahluke kanjani?
Yebo, ama-polyp ekholoni ayahlukahluka, futhi odokotela bawahlukanisa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Esinye isimo se-polyp :
- Ezinye zibukeka njengezinkowa ezincane, zinesiqu esincane kanye nesivalo phezulu. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyp (ama-Pedunculated) .
- Olunye uhlobo luyisicaba, lulele odongeni lwamathumbu ngaphandle kwesiqu. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyp (ama-Sessile) .
Isici sesibili ukuthi zivela kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microscope (izici ezincane kakhulu). Indlela la maseli akhula ngayo inquma ukuthi i-polyp inamandla okuphenduka umdlavuza. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla omdlavuza ahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-polyps zifaka:
- Ama-polyps e-Adenomatous (noma ama-adenoma): Lawa avame kakhulu. Anezinhlobo ezincane futhi:
- Ama-adenoma e-Tubular
- Ama-adenoma e-Villous
- Ama-adenoma e-Tubulovillous
- Ama-polyp afakwe i-serrated: Lawa afika ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki
- Izilonda ezifakwe i-sessile
- Ama-adenoma endabuko anezimbotshana
- Ama-Hamartoma (noma ama-polyp amancane): Lawa avame ukubonakala kubantu abasebasha.
- Ama-polyp okuvuvukala (noma ama-pseudopolyp): Lawa akuzona ama-polyp angempela; sizoxoxa ngawo kamuva.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngengozi yomdlavuza: I-Neoplastic kanye ne-Non-neoplastic
Lolu uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-polyp (ama-Neoplastic) yilawo angase abe umdlavuza, kanti ama-polyp (angewona ama-neoplastic) yilawo angakwazi (noma angenawo ubungozi obuphansi kakhulu bokwenza kanjalo).
- (Ama-Neoplastic) ama-polyp ( ingozi yomdlavuza ikhona):
- Zonke izinhlobo ze-Adenomatous polyps (Adenomas)
- Izilonda ezifakwe i-sessile
- Ama-adenoma endabuko anezimbotshana
- Ama-polyp (angewona ama-neoplastic) (ingozi yomdlavuza ephansi/engenawo):
- Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki
- Ama-polyp amancane (ama-Hamartomas)
- Ama-pseudopolyps okuvuvukala
Zivame kangakanani i-colon polyps?
Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula. Ngokuvamile, cishe abantu abadala abangu-20%—okungumuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu—bangaba nalezi zi-polyp. Phakathi kwalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, ukusabalala kwazo kungakhuphuka kufike ku-40%. Ngokumangazayo, zingaba khona ngisho nakubantwana abangaba ngu-6%. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baluphi uhlanga, inkolo, noma ubulili, wonke umuntu unobungozi bokuthola izi-polyp zamathumbu amakhulu kanye nomdlavuza we-colon. Amazinga okutheleleka ngokuvamile aphezulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
Mangaki ama-polyp aphenduka umdlavuza?
Sicela uqonde lokhu ngokucacile: Izinhlobo eziningi zama-polyp zinamandla okuba umdlavuza. Yingakho odokotela bezisusa ngesikhathi se- (Colonoscopy) . Kodwa-ke, amaphesenti amancane kuphela aphenduka umdlavuza, futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthi i-polyp ibe yingozi. Yingakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile (Colonoscopy) ngezikhathi ezinconywayo kubalulekile ukuze kubanjwe futhi kususwe ngaphambi kokuba kube yingozi.
Uma sikhuluma nje, cishe u-75% womdlavuza we-colorectal uqala njengama-polyp adenomatous, kanti cishe u-80% wawo wonke ama-polyp atholakalayo angohlobo lwe-adenoma. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-5% kuphela wala ma-adenoma aba yi-malignant . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-polyp evamile inengozi engu-8% yokuba nomdlavuza zingakapheli iminyaka eyi-10 kanye no-24% zingakapheli iminyaka engama-20.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-colon polyps?
Lena yingxenye enzima. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-polyp awabonisi nhlobo izimpawu. Ngisho nomdlavuza we-colorectal oqalayo ungangabi nazimpawu, yingakho ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kubaluleke kangaka. Ngesikhathi kuvela izimpawu, i-polyp kungenzeka ukuthi isivele idlulele ekubeni umdlavuza.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, ungase ubhekane nalokhu:
- Ukopha kwamathumbu noma izimpawu ezihlobene: Ungase ubone igazi esitulweni sakho noma ephepheni langasese. Ngezinye izikhathi ukopha kuncane kakhulu kangangokuthi akubonakali, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungaholela ku- (i-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi) , okubangela ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka.
- Izinguquko ezingachazeki emikhubeni yamathumbu: Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu babe nesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo noma (ukuqunjelwa) , noma baqaphele ukwanda kokuphuma kwe-mucus. Nakuba kunezinye izimbangela eziningi zalezi zimpawu, uma ubona ushintsho olungachazeki, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Iphuzu elibalulekile: Ungalindi izimpawu. Uma usudlule eminyakeni engu-45-50 (noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unomlando womndeni), kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uhlela ukuhlolwa kwe-Colonoscopy .
Kungani sihlakulela ama-polyp ekholoni?
Ngokuvamile, la ma-polyp ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, okusho ukuthi akhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile nesibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, izifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo zingaholela ekukhuleni kwawo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kube nethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwama-polyp amaningi, okungakhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon.
Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yama-polyps?
Imbangela eyinhloko ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Kalula nje, lapho amangqamuzana ethu ehlukana ukuze adale amasha, kungenzeka amaphutha amancane kukhodi yawo yezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwekholoni ahlala evuselela, asengozini enkulu yala maphutha. Lapho kwenzeka lezi zinguquko zezakhi zofuzo, zishintsha indlela amangqamuzana akhula futhi aziphatha ngayo.
Ezinye izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo zidluliselwa ngemindeni (izifo ezidluliselwa ngefa), kanti ezinye zibonakala zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, yize noma lezi zingase zihilele inhlanganisela yezici eziyingozi zezakhi zofuzo kanye nezemvelo.
Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-polyp?
1. Izici Zofuzo:
Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (abazali, izingane zakubo, noma izingane) libe nama-polyp, ingozi yakho iphakeme ngokwezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezithile zofuzo zingakufaka emathubeni okuba nama-polyp, njenge:
- I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- I-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- I-polyposis ehlobene ne-MUTYH
- Isifo sikaGardner
- I-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- I-Turcot syndrome
- I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
- I-Juvenile polyposis syndrome
2. Izici Zemvelo Nendlela Yokuphila:
Indawo ohlala kuyo kanye nemikhuba yakho yansuku zonke kuthinta kakhulu impilo yakho futhi kungaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwama-polyps:
- Ukuguga: Ingozi yakho iyanda njengoba ukhula.
- Ukubhema.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
- Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, okune-fiber encane: Ukudla okunenyama ebomvu noma ecutshunguliwe kanye nezithelo nemifino ephansi.
- Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
- Isifo sikashukela.
- Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu (IBD): Izimo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis.
Icala Elikhethekile: Ama-Pseudopolyps Avuvukalayo
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lawa akuzona ama-polyp "angempela" abangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Empeleni ayizinqwaba zezibazi ezakha ngenxa yenqubo yokuphulukiswa kwezilonda ngaphakathi kwekholoni. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-IBD, kuyimbangela eyinhloko yalezi zilonda. Okubalulekile, lokhu akuphenduki kube umdlavuza.
Odokotela bahlonza kanjani ama-polyps?
Indinganiso yegolide yokuthola ama-polyp amathumbu amakhulu yi-colonoscopy. Phakathi nale nqubo, kufakwa ithubhu eliguquguqukayo nelikhanyayo (i-colonoscope) enekhamera encane e-rectum ukuhlola i-colon yonke. Nakuba ezinye izivivinyo zesithombe zingabona ama-polyp, inzuzo enkulu ye-colonoscopy ukuthi udokotela wakho angathola futhi asuse ama-polyp, noma athathe amasampula ezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze ahlolwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Lawa masampula e-biopsy athunyelwa elabhorethri lapho isazi sezifo siwahlola khona ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze sithole uhlobo lwe-polyp nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amangqamuzana anomdlavuza.
Ukulungiselela i-colonoscopy kudinga ukuhlanza amathumbu kusengaphambili, futhi ngenxa yokuthi uzodanjiswa umuthi, ezinye iziguli zingase zithole inqubo inzima. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bangase baqale ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlolwa okulula kokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona okunye ukuhlolwa okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ama-polyp, kuzodingeka i-colonoscopy elandelayo ukuze isuswe.
Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okusetshenziselwa ukuphenya ama-polyp okusolwayo kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: I-Complete Blood Count (CBC) ingabona i-anemia ebangelwa ukopha isikhathi eside, kuyilapho iphaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic ibona ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte. Uma unomlando womndeni we-polyposis yefa, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kunganquma ukuthi unezakhi zofuzo ezithile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-Fecal Occult (FOBT) kuhlola inani legazi elincane kakhulu. Okunye ukuhlolwa kungase kuhlaziye i-DNA kumasampula endle ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zomdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ezinye izindlela zokwenza i-colonoscopy ejwayelekile zifaka phakathi i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo (uhlobo lwe-CT scan) kanye ne-capsule endoscopy (lapho ugwinya khona i-capsule encane efakwe ikhamera). I-X-ray ye-barium enema ingase iveze nama-polyp.
Mangaki ama-polyp abhekwa "njengojwayelekile" ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy?
Kungcono kakhulu, ubungeke ube nama-polyp angekho. Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-polyp eyodwa noma ezimbili, noma ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kancane, kungaba yinto evamile. Udokotela wakho uzohlola inani, usayizi, indawo, kanye nohlobo lwama-polyp atholakalayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-polyp ngokuvamile akhula kancane kakhulu, ama-polyp ambalwa amancane ngokuvamile asho ukuthi ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu ihlala iphansi.
Kodwa-ke, ungase ubhekwe njengosengozini enkulu uma:
- Unama-polyp angaphezu kwamathathu.
- I-polyp inkulu kune-10 millimeters (1 centimeter).
- Ama-polyp atholakala ezindaweni ezithile zekholoni (isb., ikholoni ye-sigmoid noma ikholoni enqamulayo).
- Zingohlobo lwe-villous noma lwe-tubulovillous adenoma.
- Ziyizilonda ezigobile noma ama-adenoma agobile.
- Une-polyposis syndrome ebangelwa yifa.
Ama-polyp e-colon aphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ukususwa kwama-polyp. Uma unama-polyp angewona ama-neoplastic (angewona umdlavuza), udokotela wakho angase akhethe ukungawasusi; nokho, ngoba ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-polyp angenayo i-neoplastic kanye nalawo angenayo i-neoplastic ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa nge-microscope, ukususwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela ephephile. Imiphumela ye-biopsy ivame ukuthatha isonto noma amabili.
Ukususa ama-polyp e-neoplastic kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza we-colon cishe ngo-80%! Kodwa-ke, uma usube nama-polyp, kunengozi yokuthi aphinde avele. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ingozi yakho yama-polyp esikhathi esizayo ngokusekelwe ezicini zalawo asevele esusiwe futhi uzonquma isheduli ye-colonoscopy yakho elandelayo ngokusekelwe kulokho kuhlola.
Ukususwa kwe-Colon Polyp
Ngesikhathi se -colonoscopy yakho, udokotela wakho—ngokuvamile udokotela wezifo zamathumbu noma udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal —angasusa ama-polyp amaningi ngesikhathi senqubo ngokwayo. Le nqubo elula yaziwa ngokuthi i- polypectomy . Kodwa-ke, uma unama-polyp amakhulu noma ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, udokotela wakho kungadingeka asebenzise amasu akhethekile njenge -EMR (Endoscopic Mucosal Resection) noma i-ESD (Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asusiwe ngokuphephile.
Ukuqapha Ikholoni
Uma i-colonoscopy yakho iveza ukuthi azikho izimila ezifile , ungase ungadingi ukuhlolwa okunye iminyaka engaba yi-10. Kodwa-ke, uma izimila ezifile zisusiwe, isimiso sakho sokulandelela sizolungiswa. Kuye ngezici zakho eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe eminyakeni eyodwa, emithathu, emihlanu, noma eyisikhombisa.
Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela ama-polyp ekholoni?
Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-polyps, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokubeka impilo yakho iyonke phambili:
- Yidla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izithelo nemifino eminingi.
- Nciphisa amafutha ezilwane (ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu neyomisiwe).
- Gcina isimiso sokuzivocavoca njalo.
- Gwema ukubhema futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile.
Le mikhuba idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Zingakanani izigaxa ze-colon polyps?
Ama-polyp ekholoni athathwa ngokungathi sína ngoba amanye angase abe umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ama-polyp amaningi awawona umdlavuza uma etholakala. Amanye angase abe umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma engelashwa, yingakho odokotela bewasusa ngokushesha nje lapho etholakala.
Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami mayelana nama-polyp ami amathumbu amakhulu?
Cabanga ngokubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo elandelayo:
- Nginaluphi uhlobo lwama -polyp ekholoni ?
- Ingabe ama-polyp ami angama-neoplastic (angase abe ngaphambi komdlavuza) noma awanama-neoplastic ?
- Ingabe ingozi yami yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu iphansi, iphakathi nendawo, noma iphezulu?
- Ingabe kufanele ngihlolwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze ngithole ama-polyposis syndromes azuzwe njengefa ?
- Angakanani amathuba okuba la ma-polyp aphinde avele ngemva kokususwa?
- Kufanele ngihlele nini i-colonoscopy yami elandelayo?
Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhathazekile nge -colonoscopy yabo ehleliwe futhi bangase balingeke ukuba bayibambezele. Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe yonke le mizamo iyakufanelekela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi anginawo ama-polyp?" Impendulo inguyebo. Uma unama-polyp, i-colonoscopy iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuwabona nokuwelapha kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu.
Kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma utshelwa ukuthi unama-polyp ekholoni, kodwa sicela wazi ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile, futhi kubantu abaningi, lokhu akukaze kube umdlavuza. Uma i-polyp isitholakale futhi isusiwe, ayibe isasongela. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukubamba lezi zimila kusenesikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Okwamanje, usuqonda okuningi ngama -polyp amathumbu amakhulu . Asikho isidingo sokwesaba.
Okubaluleke kakhulu okufanele ukucabangele ukubonana nodokotela wakho—ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45-50—futhi uhlolwe njenge-colonoscopy uma kunconywa. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bathole futhi basuse ama-polyp kalula nangokuphephile, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza.
Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokugwema ugwayi notshwala obuningi kuzuzisa impilo yakho yamathumbu amakhulu kanye nenhlalakahle yakho iyonke.
Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho oyinhloko noma udokotela wezifo zamathumbu eNirogi Lanka noma esikhungweni sakho sezokwelapha sendawo. Uma ubhekene nesimo esiphuthumayo, sicela uxhumane no-911 noma nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zendawo yakho ngokushesha. Hlala uphilile!
