Umphimbo wakho uzizwa uklwebheka kancane, uqala ukuthimula, futhi umzimba wakho awuzizwa kahle... Ngemva kwesikhashana, ungenwa umkhuhlane omubi. Ungangikholwa uma ngingakutshela ukuthi imbangela yalo lonke lolu daba kwakuyigciwane elincane ongakwazi nokulibona ngamehlo akho? Eqinisweni, alikho nelilodwa igciwane ngemuva kwalokhu, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi lo mkhuhlane uyini ngempela, ukuthi ukhula kanjani, nokuthi yini esingayenza ukuze silulame ngokushesha.
Uyini ngempela umkhuhlane?
Kalula nje, umkhuhlane ukutheleleka ngegciwane kwendlela yethu yokuphefumula ephezulu. Okusho ukuthi, uthinta izingxenye ezingaphezulu zesistimu yethu yokuphefumula. Kuhlanganisa:
- Impumulo: Umnyango oyinhloko wokungena ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
- Izikhala zekhala: Izikhala ezingenalutho ngaphakathi kwekhala. Lezi yilapho umoya udlula khona.
- Ama-sinuses: Kunezimbobo ezigcwele umoya ngaphakathi kwezihlathi zethu nasebunzini. Lezi zihlanza futhi zifudumale umoya esiwuphefumulayo bese ziwuthumela emizimbeni yethu. Zithinta nezwi lethu.
- I-Larynx: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ibhokisi lezwi.
Lonke uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula lumbozwe ulwelwesi olukhiqiza uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-mucus. Lo mucus ubamba izinto zakwamanye amazwe, njengothuli nempova, futhi uvimbele ukungena kwazo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lolu hlelo luhle kangakanani, ngezinye izikhathi amagciwane afana namagciwane angangena ngokunyenya.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane abangela umkhuhlane ovamile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane angabangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko.
| Igama legciwane | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|
| Igciwane le-Rhinovirus | Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-169 zaleli gciwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Libangela u-10%-40% womkhuhlane. Nakuba kungaba yinto engakhululekile, ukugula okungathi sína akuvamile. |
| I-coronavirus | Lona umndeni wamagciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zibangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa uhlobo olubangela i-COVID-19, i-SARS-CoV-2, lusha futhi luyingozi kakhulu. Luyilungu lalo mndeni elivame ukubangela umkhuhlane ebusika. |
| Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) | Kuvamile kangangokuthi izingane eziningi ziba nakho lapho zineminyaka emibili. Nakuba izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zimbi ngokwanele ukuthi zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. |
| I-Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV) | Lo mndeni wamagciwane uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-HPIV-1 kanye ne-HPIV-2 ezibangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zingabangela nezimo ezingathi sína njenge -croup , i-bronchitis , kanye ne-pneumonia . |
Ngokumangalisayo, phakathi kuka-20% no-30% womkhuhlane kubantu abadala ubangelwa igciwane "elingaziwa" odokotela abangakalitholi.
Imibono eyiphutha kanye neqiniso mayelana nomkhuhlane ovamile
Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nomkhuhlane ovamile emphakathini. Ake sibheke embalwa yayo nokuthi yini eyiqiniso noma cha.
| Umbono ongalungile | Indaba yangempela |
|---|---|
| Ukuchayeka emakhazeni kubangela umkhuhlane. | Cha. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa amagciwane, hhayi isimo sezulu esibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sobusika, sichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, okwandisa amathuba okusabalala kwamagciwane. |
| Ukudla ubisi kwandisa amafinyila futhi kwenza lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu. | Lokhu futhi kuyiphutha elingalungile. Ukudla kobisi akukhulisi ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukudla kobisi kungadala umuzwa onamathelayo emphinjeni nasemlonyeni, okungakwenza uzizwe sengathi une-mucus. |
| I-Vitamin CKungavimbela umkhuhlane. | I-Vitamin C ilungele amasosha omzimba wakho. Kodwa-ke, ayikakafakazelwa ukuthi ivimbela umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, ukuyithatha ngemva kokugula kungasiza ekusheshiseni ukululama kwakho. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha amaphilisi e-vitamin C. |
| Ukucindezeleka akunamthelela omkhulu. | Lokhu akulungile neze. Ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi esifushane kungathuthukisa amasosha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside kwenza amasosha omzimba ethu abe buthaka. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi alwa namagciwane, okusenza sibe sengozini enkulu yezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. |
Izigaba zomkhuhlane kanye nesikhathi esithathayo ukuze ululame
Umkhuhlane uvame ukuphela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Kodwa ukukhwehlela kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izigaba.
- Isikhathi sokufukamela: Ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni, liqala ukwanda emzimbeni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngeke ube nezimpawu. Lokhu kungahlala kusukela emahoreni ayi-12 kuya ezinsukwini ezi-3.
- Isikhathi sezimpawu: Yilapho uqala ukuzizwa ugula. Uqala ukuzwa izinto ezifana nomphimbo oklwebhekayo, ukuthimula, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo. Izimpawu zifika esicongweni ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-1-3.
- Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa: Kuleli qophelo, izimpawu zakho zizoqala ukuncipha kancane kancane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-10 ngemva kokutheleleka.
- Isikhathi sokululama: Kuleli qophelo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezincane (isib. ukukhwehlela okuncane), kodwa ngeke ziphazamise imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
Khumbula, uma izimpawu zakho zingabi ngcono, kodwa ziba zimbi kakhulu , noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba ngcono bese zibuya , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zomkhuhlane?
Akukho "khambi" eliqondile lomkhuhlane ovamile. Okusho ukuthi, akukho muthi wokubulala igciwane. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukulawula izimpawu nokusiza imizimba yethu ukuba ilulame.
- Phumula ngokwanele: Ukuphumula kunikeza umzimba wakho amandla owadingayo ukuze ululame.
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi:Ukuphuza izinto ezifana namanzi, itiye elingenashukela, kanye nesobho lenkukhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kunciphise ukuminyana kwamakhala.
- Sebenzisa i-humidifier: Le divayisi yengeza umswakama emoyeni ukuvimbela ukuthi imigudu yakho yamakhala ingomi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuphefumula umusi ovela eshaweni elishisayo nakho kuhle.
- Hlanza ngamanzi anosawoti: Hlanza ngethisipuni elilodwa kuya kwengxenye yesigamu sikasawoti oncibilikiswe engilazini yamanzi afudumele kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulunywa komphimbo. (Ungakwenzi lokhu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala, ngoba zingase zikugwinye.)
- Ama-Painkiller: Ungathatha ama-painkiller ngenxa yobuhlungu bomzimba kanye nomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Isixwayiso esibaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha i-aspirin. Kuye kwahlotshaniswa nesimo esiyingozi kakhulu, okungenzeka sibe yingozi empilweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's syndrome.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane ubangelwa amagciwane, hhayi isimo sezulu esibandayo.
- Ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuphuza uketshezi kubalulekile ukuze ululame ngokushesha.
- Nakuba kungekho muthi othize obulala igciwane, izimpawu zingalawulwa futhi kutholakale impumuzo.
- Vimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo ngokugeza izandla zakho njalo bese uvala umlomo nekhala lakho uma uthimula/ukhwehlela.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ophakeme, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , noma uma izimpawu zinzima kakhulu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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