Zicabange ngokuzumayo uwela esitebhisini noma ube nengozi yemoto. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubheka phezulu ngobuhlungu obukhulu bese ubona ingcezu yethambo ephukile iphuma esikhumbeni sengalo noma umlenze wakho. Eqinisweni, noma ubani obona into efana nalena wesaba kakhulu. Ukhathazeka. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i -Compound Fracture noma i- Open Fracture . Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuqhekeka kwe-Compound?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuphuka kwethambo, noma njengoba sikubiza kanjalo, ukuphuka, amandla amakhulu asetshenziswa kulo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa nokucindezela okuqhubekayo okusetshenziswa endaweni efanayo. Isibonelo, lapho isosha lihamba njalo lithwele isikhwama esisindayo emhlane walo, ukucindezela okuqhubekayo emlenzeni kungabangela ukuqhekeka okuncane ethanjeni.
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini ukuqhekeka "okuhlanganisiwe" noma "okuvulekile". Kalula nje, yilapho ithambo eliphukile libonakala khona ngesikhumba sakho. Uma uwela esitebhisini bese uphuka ingalo yakho, futhi ithambo eliphukile libonakala ngesikhumba, kusuke kuyi-Compound Fracture. Kodwa-ke, uma ithambo liphukile kodwa isikhumba siphelele, okusho ukuthi ithambo eliphukile alibonakali, sikubiza ngokuthi ukuqhekeka "okulula" noma "okuvaliwe".
Ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe kuyisimo esibi kakhulu esibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kuyesabeka ukusibuka. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele aye ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Yimaphi amathambo emzimbeni asengozini enkulu yalokhu kulimala?
Noma yiliphi ithambo emzimbeni wethu lingaphuka. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe kuvame kakhulu ezingalweni zethu, emilenzeni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye ithambo ezingathinteka, yize ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu.
- Izimbambo
- Ithambo lekhola
- Amathambo amehlo
- I-pelvis
- Amathambo ekhanda
- Amathambo obuso
- Umgogodla noma i-vertebrae
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe?
Ukuze kwenzeke ukuphuka okukhulu okunje, kumele kube nokushaywa okukhulu noma ukushaya (Ukuhlukumezeka Okukhulu) emzimbeni. Isibonelo:
- Ingozi yemoto embi kakhulu
- Ukuwa kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu
- Ingozi eyenzeka emdlalweni wokuxhumana njengebhola noma i-rugby
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Uphawu oluyinhloko nolusobala kakhulu ithambo eliphukile eliphuma esikhumbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izimpawu eziningana ezingabonakala. Ake sizibheke ngokucacile etafuleni.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ithambo eliveziwe | Lesi yisibonakaliso esisobala kakhulu. Ithambo eliphukile libonakala ngesikhumba. |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obubukhali | Kukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu, obungabekezeleleki. |
| Ukuzwela ukuthinta | Indawo ezungeze inxeba ibuhlungu ukuyithinta. |
| Ukuvuvukala nokudumba | Indawo ezungeze inxeba ingase ivuvuke futhi ibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nonsomi. |
| Ukopha | Inxeba liphuma igazi ngoba isikhumba sibhoboziwe. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa, ubuhlungu bungaba buncane noma bube ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe. Noma ungase uzizwe ungenamizwa. |
Udokotela uhlonza futhi aphathe kanjani lokhu?
Akunzima kangako ngodokotela ukuthola ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe. Ngoba ithambo eliphukile libonakala ngesikhumba. Kodwa odokotela abalihloli nje bese belinda. Ngokuqinisekile bazokwenza i-X-ray ukuze babone ukuthi ithambo liphukile kanjani, ukuthi umonakalo wenziwe kangakanani, nokuthi kudingeka lilungiswe kanjani. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuze kufundwe umonakalo ngokujulile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlola nezinye izinkinga:
- Hlola umbala wesikhumba sakho kanye nokushisa (funda ngokutholakala kwegazi).
- Bahlola umfutho wegazi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha ngokweqile.
- I-Sensation ihlolwa ezindaweni ezizungezile nangaphansi kwesilonda ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo wemizwa.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Uma ulethwa eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU), into yokuqala eyenziwayo ukulawula ubuhlungu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokukunikeza izinhlungu zomlomo, noma izinhlungu zomjovo ngemithambo ukuze uthole impumuzo esheshayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kunikezwa umjovo ezinzwa ezizungeze inxeba ukuze kunciphe indawo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i -Nerve Block .
Kuye ngohlobo lwenxeba, kunikezwa umjovo we-tetanus kanye nama-antibiotic ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.
Okulandelayo, ithambo liyalungiswa futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze liphulukiswe. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzonikeza amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu kanye nemithi yokubulala izinzwa, bese ehambisa izingcezu zethambo eziphukile zibuyele ezindaweni zazo ezifanele. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukunciphisa ukwaphuka .
Ukuze amathambo agcinwe endaweni efanele, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:
- Izikhonkwane
- Izinduku
- Amapuleti
- Izikulufu
Ngemva kokuba amathambo eselungisiwe ngale ndlela, kusetshenziswa insimbi noma enye into ukuvimba ingxenye ukuthi inganyakazi.
Ithambo eliphukile liphola kanjani?
Imizimba yethu inekhono elimangalisayo lokwakha izicubu ezintsha zamathambo. Lapho ithambo liphuka, izicubu ezintsha zamathambo ziqala ukukhula zizungeze ithambo eliphukile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-External Callus . Ekuqaleni, ithambile, njengejeli, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto nezinyanga, kancane kancane iyaqina, ibeke i-calcium, bese iba ithambo elijwayelekile.
Le nqubo yokuphulukisa yenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Isigaba sokuvuvukala
Lapho nje ithambo seliphukile, umzimba uqala inqubo yokuphulukiswa. Amaseli omzimba agijimela endaweni yokulimala futhi andise ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni. Yingakho indawo ezungeze ukulimala ivuvukala futhi ibe bomvu.
2. Isigaba sokulungisa
Lesi sigaba singahlala kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithambo lakho eliphukile liyayeka ukusebenza nge-cast. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakha lokho esasikubiza ngokuthi i-External Callus.Iyenziwa. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kubucayi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuvikela.
3. Isigaba sokulungisa kabusha
Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga eziningana. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izicubu zamathambo ezisanda kwakheka (callus) ziyaqina, zibeke i-calcium, futhi ziqine. Kancane kancane, ithambo libuyela esimweni salo esijwayelekile namandla alo.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?
Ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe kuwukulimala okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Odokotela bahlala beqaphela lokhu ku-ETU, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, nangesikhathi sokululama.
| Inkinga | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga ezivamile | |
| Ukulimala kwesikhumba | Isikhumba siyalimala lapho ithambo liphuma. Inxeba liyaphola njengoba ithambo liphola. |
| Ukulimala kwamalunga | Uma ukuphuka kwenzeka eduze kwelunga, ukunyakaza kwelunga kungathinteka. Ilunga lingase lingashukumi. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngokwelashwa ngokomzimba. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Ithambo eliphukile lingachoboza, lisike, noma lidonse imizwa. Lokhu kuvame ukuphulukisa, kodwa kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka. |
| Izinkinga zokuphulukisa | Ngezinye izikhathi amathambo angase angabuyi ndawonye (ukungahlangani), aphole kancane (ukuhlangana okulibazisekile), noma aphole ngendlela engafanele (ukuhlangana). |
| Ukukhula okungalingani kwezingane | Amathambo ezingane anezingqimba zokukhula emaphethelweni. Uma lezi zonakele, lelo thambo lingaba lifushane kunelinye icala. |
| Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu (kodwa ezingavamile) | |
| Ukutheleleka | Inxeba livulekile, okuvumela amagciwane ukuthi angene. Umkhuhlane kanye nephunga elibi ngenkathi iplasta isekhona kuyizimpawu zokutheleleka. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. |
| I-Pulmonary Embolism | Ihlule legazi lingakheka emthanjeni eduze kwendawo ephukile bese liya emthanjeni osephashini bese lihlala. Uma ngokuzumayo uba nobunzima bokuphefumula, lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni futhi kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. |
| Ukufa kwamathambo (i-Osteonecrosis) | Uma igazi eliya ethanjeni linqamuka, ithambo lingafa. |
| Isifo Segumbi | Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwemisipha ezungeze isilonda kungacindezela imithambo yegazi futhi kunqande ukugeleza kwegazi. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Uma uzwa ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukuba ndikindiki, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe kungathatha izinyanga eziningana noma ngaphezulu ukuze kuphole ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ukubekezela phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Isikhathi sokuphola sincike ezintweni eziningana:
- Ubukhulu bokulimala.
- Ubudala bakho (izingane ziyalulama ngokushesha kunabantu abadala).
- Izinkinga ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela, ukululama kungase kubambezeleke.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-cast?
Ukunakekela kahle uhlaka lwakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze lulame ngokushesha. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:
- Uma udokotela enganiki imvume,Ungavumeli iplasta imanzi. Uma imanzi, kuzoba nzima ukoma futhi kungabangela amanxeba esikhumba noma izifo.
- Hlola isikhumba esizungeze iplasta njalo. Tshela udokotela wakho uma siba bomvu, siphuma uketshezi, noma sibuhlungu.
- Emahoreni okuqala angu-24-48, gcina ingalo/umlenze wakho uphakeme ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakho ngemicamelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala.
- Uma isikhumba esingaphakathi kweplasta siluma, ungafaki lutho ngaphakathi ukuze usiklwebhe.
- Ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala, kulungile ukuhambisa iminwe yakho uma udokotela wakho ekunike imvume.
- Uma imiphetho yeplasta ibukhali noma ibukhali, faka iplasta noma iteyipu ukuvimbela ukulimala esikhumbeni.
Uma une-cast, kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho kudingeka uye khona ngokushesha kwi-ETU?
Uma une-cast emzimbeni wakho, qaphela kakhulu lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, hamba uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
- Uma iplasta yenza ingalo/umlenze wakho ungabi namandla .
- Uma uzizwa sengathi ingalo/umlenze wakho uyaqala ukuba buthakathaka .
- Uma ubuhlungu buqhubeka noma bukhula .
- Uma iplasta izwakala iqine kakhulu .
- Uma kukhona iphunga elinamandla elivela kuplasta.
- Uma unomkhuhlane .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe kuyisimo esibi lapho isikhumba siphuka khona bese ithambo livela obala.
- Uma kwenzeka ingozi efana nale, ungesabi futhi uhambise isiguli e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ungalokothi uzame ukusunduza ithambo ngaphakathi noma ukuhlanza inxeba. Ukumboza inxeba ngendwangu ehlanzekile kwanele.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesineke nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha, njengoba inqubo yokuphulukiswa ingathatha izinyanga eziningana.
- Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-cast kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba okufanele kubalulekile ukuze umuntu alulame ngokushesha.
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