Ingabe ingane yakho iziphatha kabi? Ingabe yephula imithetho? Ake sixoxe nge-Conduct Disorder!

Ingabe ingane yakho ayilaleli izwi olishoyo? Ingabe iyalwa ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe iyabahlukumeza abanye abantwana, mhlawumbe ngisho nezilwane? Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucabange, 'Yini engalungile ngale ngane? Kungani iziphethe kabi kangaka?' Eqinisweni, uma lolu hlobo lokuziphatha luqhubeka izinyanga, akulona nje ihlazo elilula . Kungaba uphawu lwesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi 'Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha'. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini lokhu (Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha)?

Kalula nje, "Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha" kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo esingabonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abasha (abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-19). Kulokhu, into eyinhloko ukuthi ingane ihlale iziphethe ngendlela enolaka ngaphandle kokucabangela abanye futhi yenza ngendlela elimaza inhlalakahle namalungelo abanye. Futhi, laba bantwana bavame ukwephula imithetho ekhaya nasesikoleni, futhi abanandaba nhlobo nezindinganiso zomphakathi.

Cabanga ngakho njengeqembu lezinkinga zokuziphatha. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Kulesi simo, ingane ayilaleli abantu abadala, iphikisana njalo, futhi icasule abanye ngamabomu. Ngezinye izikhathi, le ODD ingaba nzima kakhulu futhi ibe yi-Conduct Disorder.

Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi izingane ezine-"Conduct Disorder" zinamathuba amaningi okuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Isibonelo:

• Ukucindezeleka .
• Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukunaka/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD) .
• Izinkinga zokufunda .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu?

Manje ungase uzibuze, ingabe lokhu kuyisifo sobuntu? Isifo sobuntu siyinkinga yesikhathi eside, enzima ngemicabango yomuntu, ukuziphatha, imizwa, kanye nobudlelwano bakhe nabanye. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinkinga zobuntu ziqala ebusheni, lapho ubuntu busakhula. Ngakho-ke, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18 bavame ukutholakala benesifo sobuntu.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile kulokhu. Leso yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Antisocial Personality Disorder - ASPD)`. Cishe abantu abangu-80% abanalesi simo bangaqala ukukhombisa izimpawu besebancane ngeminyaka engu-11. Eqinisweni, akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi `(Conduct Disorder)` ebonakala ebuntwaneni kanye `(ASPD)` ebonakala ebudaleni. Kodwa-ke, `(Conduct Disorder)` ukuxilongwa okunikezwa izingane. Uma umuntu omdala ebonisa izimpawu ezihlobene nalezi zimo zombili, umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uzonikeza ukuxilongwa `(ASPD)` esikhundleni `(Conduct Disorder).

Ubani othola i-Conduct Disorder?

Lesi simo sithinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Ngezinye izikhathi singaqala siseneminyaka eyi-10, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqala kwasekuqaleni." Kodwa-ke, sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abasebasha (abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-19).

Ngokwezibalo, lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10-12 kubafana kanye nengu-14-16 kumantombazane.

Kuvame kangakanani ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha?

Ngokwezibalo e-United States, lesi simo sithinta phakathi kuka-2% no-10% wezingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Izimo ezifanayo ziyabonakala nasezweni lethu, kodwa kunzima ukunikeza izibalo eziqondile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Conduct Disorder?

Lokhu akuyona into eyenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa. Ukuziphatha okuhlobene ``nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha`` kukhula kancane kancane enganeni. Laba bantwana banenkani, kunzima ukulawula, futhi kubonakala sengathi abanandaba nemizwa yabanye.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha :

1. Ukuba nolaka kubantu nasezilwaneni kanye/noma ukwephula amalungelo ayisisekelo abanye.

2. Ukubhujiswa kwempahla.

3. Ukukhohlisa, ukuqamba amanga kanye/noma ukweba.

4. Ukwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho nemigomo.

Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zindlela zokuziphatha ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

1. Ulaka kwabanye nasezilwaneni

Lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlukumeza abanye abantwana.
• Ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba (mhlawumbe ngisho nokusebenzisa izikhali ezibukhali ).
• Bahlala belwa ngamazwi futhi besongelana.
• Baphoqelelwa ukuba benze izenzo zocansi.
• Basola abanye ngamaphutha abo.
• Izilwane ziyalimala futhi ziyahlukunyezwa.

Cabanga nje, kukhona ingane egama layo lingu-'Kasun' esikoleni. Uhlala eshaya ezinye izingane ekilasini, eba ukudla kwazo, futhi ehlekisa ngazo. Ngezinye izikhathi uphonsa izinja ngamatshe emgwaqweni. Uma eqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezinjengalezi, kuyinto okufanele ikhathazeke ngayo.

2. Ukubhujiswa kwempahla

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukushisa kwenziwa ngenhloso.
• Ukucekela phansi noma ukubhubhisa izinto zabanye abantu. Isibonelo, ukuphula amadeski nezihlalo zesikole, noma ukubhala imidwebo odongeni.

3. Ukukhohlisa, ukuqamba amanga nokweba

Lezi zici yilezi:

• Bahlala beqamba amanga ukuze bathole inzuzo noma ukuze bagweme umthwalo wemfanelo.
• Bantshontsha kwabanye abantu noma ezitolo.
• Bangena ngokunyenya emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ukuze bebe izimpahla.

4. Ukwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho nemigomo

Izinto ezingaphansi kwalokhu:

• Ukwephula imithetho ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
• Ukungafundi esikoleni kuyisenzo sokungayi esikoleni.
• Ukubaleka ekhaya.
• Bahlala bephula imithetho ebekwe abazali babo.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-Conduct Disorder

Ngaphezu kwalezi zici eziyisisekelo, ungabona ezinye izinto:

• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile kanye/noma izidakamizwa.
• Ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi njalo.
• Uthukuthela ngokushesha futhi uyacasuka.
• Abenzi mzamo wokufihla ukuziphatha kwabo okunolaka.
• Ababonisi ukuzisola ngezenzo zabo ezimbi.
• Kunzima ukwakha abangane nokulondoloza ubungane.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuziphatha okunenkani nokungalaleli ngezikhathi ezithile kuyinto evamile ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi "kuyisifo sokuziphatha", lezi zici kumele ziqhubeke, ziphazamise abanye, futhi zenzeke ngendlela ephindaphindayo.

Izimpawu Zokuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha Kwabantu Abadala

Njengoba izingane ezine-Conduct Disorder zikhula, zingase zibe nobunzima bokugcina umsebenzi noma ukulondoloza ubudlelwano. Zingase futhi zihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okungekho emthethweni noma okuyingozi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma umuntu omdala ebonisa lezi zimpawu, kungabizwa ngokuthi i-Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha?

Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "Kungani lokhu kwenzeka enganeni yami?" Kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba isizathu esisodwa nje. Abacwaningi bathi kungenzeka ukuthi kuyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezici zofuzo/zebhayoloji kanye nezici zemvelo .

Izici zofuzo/zebhayoloji:

• Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisile ukuthi ezinye izici ezihlobene "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha" (isib. ukuziphatha okungekuhle emphakathini, ukuzimisela, ukucasuka okusheshayo, ulaka, ukungazweli isijeziso) zingazuzwa njengefa .
• Kutholakale ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-hormone ethi ``Testosterone`` emzimbeni ahlotshaniswa nolaka.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ukuxhuzula, kanye nokulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa nakho kungabangela ukuziphatha okunolaka.

Izici zabazali, zomndeni kanye nezemvelo:

• Abazali bezingane ezincane ezine-Conduct Disorder bangase bahileleke ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa noma ekuziphatheni okungekuhle. Bangase babe nezimo ezifana ne-ADHD, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, i-schizophrenia, noma ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okungekuhle.
• Uma isimo sasekhaya siphazamisekile, kungekho ukubhekwa okufanele, noma kukhona ukulwa okuvamile phakathi kwabazali , kungathinta ukuziphatha kwengane. Lokhu kungaholela "ekuphazamisekeni kokuziphatha".
• Izingane ezivame ukuchayeka odlameni lwasekhaya zinamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa "Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha".
• Ukuhlala endaweni ephansi kwezomnotho, ukuba nabantu abaningi kakhulu ekhaya, kanye nokungasebenzi kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwezomnotho kanye nokwezenhlalo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngabazali ukunakekela izingane zabo ngendlela efanele. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezihlala endaweni ephansi kwezomnotho.
• Uma izidakamizwa zitholakala kalula endaweni lapho ingane ihlala khona, futhi uma kunobugebengu obuningi , leyo ngane isengozini enkulu yokuba "neSiphazamiso Sokuziphatha".

Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Ngisho nezingane ezivela emindenini esebenza kahle kakhulu nephilile zingaba "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha." Ngakho ungacabangi ukuthi, "Akukho lutho olungalungile ngomndeni wami, ngakho lokhu kwenzeke kanjani?"

Ungayibona kanjani (Inkinga Yokuziphatha)?

Lokhu kungahlolwa kuphela nguchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Lokho kusho "usosayensi wengqondo" noma "udokotela wengqondo". Basebenzisa izindlela ezitholakala encwadini yesiqondiso ye-"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)" ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Ngokwaleyo mibandela, ingane noma umuntu osemusha kumele ukuthi ubonise ukuziphatha okulandelayo okuthathu noma ngaphezulu ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule . Futhi, okungenani uphawu olulodwa kumele ukuthi belukhona ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ezedlule :

• Ulaka kubantu kanye/noma ezilwaneni.
• Ukubhujiswa kwempahla.
• Ukukhohlisa, ukuqamba amanga, noma ukweba.
• Ukwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho yabazali.

Lokhu kuziphatha kumele futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ebuhlotsheni bengane, impilo yasekhaya, umsebenzi wesikole, kanye/noma emsebenzini (uma ingane encane) .

Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, kungase kudingeke idluliselwe kuSolwazi Wezengqondo Wezingane Nentsha noma kuSolwazi Wezengqondo Wezingane Nentsha. Laba ochwepheshe basebenzisa izingxoxo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile namathuluzi okuhlola ukuhlola ingane ngesimo sempilo yengqondo.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bezengqondo nodokotela bezifo zengqondo bathola ulwazi kubazali bomntwana, abafowabo nodadewabo, abangane, kanye nothisha ukuze bathole isithombe esiphelele sokuziphatha komntwana.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Conduct Disorder?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-Conduct Disorder yizinhlobo ezahlukene ze-psychotherapy . Lokhu kudingeka kwenziwe nengane, umndeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingeni lomphakathi.

Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuphathwa Kwabazali: Lokhu kuhilela ukuqeqesha abazali bengane ngendlela yokuyala ingane yabo, ukubeka imithetho engaguquguquki, ukuvuza nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, nokulawula ukuziphatha okubi. Kalula nje, babafundisa indlela 'yokuphatha' ingane yabo.
• Ukwelapha Ngengqondo: Ukwelapha Ngengqondo yiqembu lamasu okwelapha asiza umuntu ukuthi abone futhi ashintshe imizwa yakhe ecindezelayo, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha. Ngokusebenzisana nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo, ingane nomndeni bathola ukwesekwa, imfundo, kanye nesiqondiso. Ukwelapha Ngengqondo ngezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokuvamile kugxila empilweni yomndeni kanye nempilo yesikole, kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano bomndeni, impumelelo yezemfundo, kanye nokuziphatha kwengane ezindaweni ezahlukene.
• Ukuqeqeshwa Kokulawula Intukuthelo: Umgomo walokhu ukunciphisa ukuvuka ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba ingane ekuzwayo ngenxa yentukuthelo. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukugwema ngokuphelele abantu noma izinto eziyenza ithukuthele, lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufundisa ingane indlela yokulawula ukusabela kwayo.
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo komuntu ngamunye, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT): Ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kwengane enenkinga yokuziphatha kugxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, ukuxazulula izingxabano nokuqinisa ubudlelwano, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okwenqaba amathonya amabi endaweni ezungezile.
• Ukwelashwa Okusekelwe Emphakathini: Lokhu kuhlanganisa izikole zokwelapha kanye nezikhungo zokwelapha zokuhlala. Lokhu kungahlinzeka ngohlelo oluhlelekile lokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo kwengane.

Odokotela abavamisile ukunikeza imithi ngqo ye-Conduct Disorder. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi simo singahambisana nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo (isib. i-ADHD, ukucindezeleka), ingane ingazuza emithini yokulawula lezo zimo.

Ingabe ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kungavinjelwa?

Ngokwazi kwethu, ayikho indlela eqondile yokuvimbela `(Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha)`. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kubangelwa inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezici. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu , izinkinga eziningi ezihambisana nakho zingancishiswa. Ukufuna usizo kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa ukuphazamiseka empilweni yengane, emndenini, kanye nasebunganeni.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-Conduct Disorder?

Umbono walesi simo uncike ekutheni siqala nini nokuthi selashwa yini.

Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okuhlobene ne-Conduct Disorder kuyaphela lapho umuntu esemdala. Kodwa-ke, cishe engxenyeni yesithathu yamacala, lokhu kuziphatha kuyaqhubeka. Eziningi zalezi zimo ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).

Ukuqala kwalesi simo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuhlotshaniswa nokungaboni kahle. Kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokukhubazeka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwesikole.

Ezinye izingane kanye nentsha enesifo sokuziphatha kabi bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Izinkinga zemizwa noma zokukhathazeka.
• Isifo se-somatic symptom.
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala kanye/noma inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Izinkinga zengqondo eziqala ekuqaleni kwabantu abadala.

Izimo ezinjengokucindezeleka kanye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar disorder zingavela ngesikhathi sobusha kanye nasebudaleni bokuqala.Umbono wokuzibulala ungaba yinkinga yalezi zimo. Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma ngokuzibulala noma isongela ukuzibulala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani ingane yami enenkinga yokuziphatha?

Uma ingane yakho "ine-"Condition Disorder," ngaphezu kokufuna usizo lochwepheshe, nazi ezinye izindlela ongazisiza ngazo wena nengane yakho:

• Funda `(Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha)` futhi uhlale unolwazi ngocwaningo lwakamuva mayelana nokwelashwa okusebenzayo.
• Khuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Uma kungenzeka, thola umuntu oqeqeshwe ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni i-Conduct Disorder.
• Hlola izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zengane futhi kugxile emndenini.
• Thola iqembu lokusekela umndeni noma inhlangano emphakathini wakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana nenkinga yomntwana wami (i-Conduct Disorder)?

Uma ingane yakho itholakale inesifo "sokuziphatha okungalungile" futhi ukuziphatha kwayo kuya kuba kubi kakhulu, noma iphazamisa impilo yomndeni noma umsebenzi wesikole, khuluma nochwepheshe wayo wezempilo yengqondo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho ibonisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi okungazilimaza yona, abanye, noma izilwane, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izingane ezingalaleli nezinolaka zingaba yinselele enkulu kubazali. Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi izingane ezincane nezingane ezincane zibonise ukuziphatha kokungalaleli ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo, okuphazamisayo, nobudlova kungaba uphawu "lokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha."

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-Conduct Disorder kusenesikhathi . Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukukhuluma nodokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo. Bakhona ukukusiza.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha kuyindlela yokuziphatha engathi sína ebonakala ezinganeni nasebancane. Lokhu akuyona into embi nje.
• Uma izimpawu ezifana nolaka, ukwephula umthetho, ukukopela, kanye nokubhujiswa kwempahla ziqhubeka , qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sochwepheshe .
• Lokhu kubangelwa inhlanganisela yezici zofuzo, zebhayoloji, kanye nezendawo ezungezile.
• Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele (ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwengqondo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabazali) kungaletha impumuzo enkulu enganeni nasemndenini.
• Awuwedwa. Ungesabi ukucela usizo. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, lesi simo singaphathwa.

Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha , Izinkinga Zokuziphatha Kwezingane, Impilo Yengqondo, Ingqondo Yengane, Iseluleko Sokukhulisa Abantwana, Izingane Ezinolaka, Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha