Ingabe ingane yakho encane izizwa ikhathele kakhulu ngemva kokuphuza ubisi? Uke waphawula ukuthi izindebe zayo, ulimi, kanye nesikhumba sayo kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezincane zilala ngokushesha kunezinye izingane ngenkathi zigijima futhi zidlala. Nakuba lezi zinto zingase zibonakale zivamile, ngezinye izikhathi zingabangelwa yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ungakhathazeki, yilokhu esikhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lesi yisimo abantu abaningi abanaso, futhi singelashwa.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso?
Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-CHD' ngamafuphi. Incazelo elula yalokhu ukuthi lapho umntwana ezalwa, kuba noshintsho noma iphutha elithile esakhiweni senhliziyo yakhe, okungukuthi, indlela inhliziyo yakheka ngayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, igazi aligelezi kahle enhliziyweni.
Cabanga nje ukuthi inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zisebenza njengohlelo lwamanzi endlini yethu. Uma kukhona inkinga ngamapayipi namavalvu, amanzi azogeleza, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo. Lezi ziphazamiso zingaba zezinhlobo ezahlukene.
- Imbobo enhliziyweni: Imbobo yokuzalwa ezindongeni ezihlukanisa amakamelo enhliziyo.
- Izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi: Imithambo yegazi exhunywe endaweni engafanele, imincane kakhulu, noma igazi ligeleza ngendlela engafanele.
- Izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo: Ama-valve alawula ukugeleza kwegazi awavuli noma awavali kahle.
Ezinye izimo ze-CHD zilula kakhulu. Azibonisi ngisho nezimpawu. Kodwa ezinye ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane futhi zingathinta impilo futhi zidinga ukwelashwa ebuntwaneni. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo sitholakala ekuzalweni. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, sitholakala ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ebuntwaneni, noma ebudaleni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo senhliziyo?
Izifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: esinye sisekelwe ezingeni lomoya-mpilo egazini.
1. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Ukungakhuli: Lesi yisimo lapho inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lincipha ngenxa yesici enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubangela isikhumba, izindebe, nezinzipho kuphenduke okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Cyanosis'.
2. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Ukungakhuli: Kulolu hlobo, izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini livamile. Okusho ukuthi, akukho mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa igazi ligeleza enhliziyweni ngendlela engavamile.
Ake sibheke lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
| Uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo | Kwenzekani nje? | Ezinye izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Cyanotic - umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Inani lomoya-mpilo egazini eliya emzimbeni liphansi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umntwana abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zimo zivame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa. | - I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot - Ukuguqulwa kweMithambo Emikhulu - I-Truncus Arteriosus |
| I-Acyanotic - hhayi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Kukhona umoya-mpilo owanele egazini, kodwa ngenxa yenkinga efana nomgodi enhliziyweni noma ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi akuvamile. | - I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - I-Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - I-Pulmonary Stenosis |
Khumbula, lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke ngamagama alula. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, ubukhali baso, kanye nobudala bomuntu.
Izimpawu ezibonakala ezinganeni ezincane nasezinganeni ezincane:
- I-Cyanosis: Ukushintsha kombala wezindebe, ulimi, isikhumba kanye nezinzipho okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okunsomi.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukuphelelwa umoya.
- Ukukhathala ngenkathi uphuza ubisi: Ngisho nangemva kokuphuza ubisi oluncane, umntwana uzizwa ekhathele, ejuluka, futhi eyeka ukuphuza ubisi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
- Ukozela njalo: Ingane ilala ngendlela engavamile.
- Ukukhuluphala okuncane: Ingane ayikhuluphala ngendlela evamile.
Izimpawu ezibonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala:
- Ukukhathala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca: Uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngemva kokugijima isikhashana noma ukukhwela izitebhisi.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ubuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi lapho uhlanganyela emsebenzini.
- Ukuquleka: Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala ezindaweni ezifana nemilenze, amaqakala kanye nesisu.
- Ukububula Kwenhliziyo: Umsindo 'wokububula' ongavamile ozwakala enhliziyweni lapho udokotela eyihlola nge-stethoscope.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Eqinisweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola imbangela ethile yalokhu. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kungenxa yesenzakalo esingahleliwe esenzeka phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala okukhula komntwana esibelethweni njengoba inhliziyo ikhula. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezitholakele ezandisa ingozi.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Ingozi iphezulu uma othile emndenini enezinkinga ze-CHD noma ze-chromosome ezifana ne-Down Syndrome.
- Izimo zempilo zikamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- Uma umama engakwazi ukulawula isifo sikashukela sakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Uma umama enegciwane elifana ne -rubella .
- Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala , noma ukubhema intuthu yomuntu obhemayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile (isib., imithi ethile yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nezinduna) ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu akulona iphutha lanoma ubani. Uma ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho futhi uphile impilo enempilo.
Sitholakala kanjani lesi simo? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuxilonga i-CHD. Ngezinye izikhathi ingaxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngezinye izikhathi ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kamuva ekuphileni.
1. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Uma kutholakala ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi se-'Anomaly Scan' ejwayelekile, kungenziwa i-'Fetal Echocardiogram'. Lokhu kungathatha isithombe esiningiliziwe senhliziyo yengane.
2. Ngemva kokuzalwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Lapho udokotela ehlola ingane, uzohlola umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (`Heart Murmur`) kanye nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pulse Oximetry: Lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu, engenabuhlungu. Inzwa encane ibekwa emunweni noma ozwaneni lwengane ukuze kulinganiswe izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini. Uma izinga lomoya-mpilo liphansi, kungaba uphawu lwe-CHD.
3. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa:
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Lufana nokuskena kwe-ultrasound. Lusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala isithombe sevidiyo senhliziyo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokucacile amakamelo enhliziyo, ama-valve, kanye nokugeleza kwegazi.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG):Ukuhlolwa okuqopha ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlola noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: I-X-ray yesifuba inganikeza umbono ngobukhulu nesimo senhliziyo.
- Ukufakwa Kwe-Catheter Kwenhliziyo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo esemlenzeni noma engalweni yakho liye enhliziyweni yakho, lapho kulinganiswa khona ingcindezi engaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho bese kuthathwa amasampula. Ngezinye izikhathi, le nqubo efanayo ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa amaphutha amancane.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yesiguli, uhlobo kanye nobunzima besifo senhliziyo. Akuzona zonke izimo ze-CHD ezidinga ukwelashwa. Amanye amaphutha amancane (isib., imigodi emincane) azozivaleka ngokwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Imithi: Imithi inikezwa ukusiza inhliziyo isebenze kahle, ilawule ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ilawule umfutho wegazi, futhi isuse uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.
- Izinqubo Zokusebenzisa I-Catheter: Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ipayipi elincane, njenge-'Cardiac Catheterization', lingadluliswa emthanjeni wegazi ukuze livale izimbobo enhliziyweni, landise ama-valve ancishisiwe, noma landise imithambo yegazi.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo Evulekile: Iziphambeko eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zilungiswe. Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelele kakhulu.
- Ukufakelwa Inhliziyo: Lena yindlela yokugcina ecatshangelwa kuphela ezimweni lapho inhliziyo yonakele kakhulu futhi ingenakwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa.
Uma ingane yakho noma une-CHD, ithimba lezokwelapha elihlanganisa udokotela wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela ohlinza inhliziyo lizonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-CHD
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, namuhla abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% abane-CHD bayasinda baze babe badala. Iningi labantu lingaphila impilo evamile, ejabulisayo, nematasa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile okudingeka zinakekelwe kukho konke ukuphila.
- Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wenhliziyo ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yakho yonke.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukudla okunempilo, izinga lokuzivocavoca elinconywe udokotela wakho, kanye nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Impilo Yamazinyo: Amabhaktheriya abangelwa yisifo sezinsini angangena egazini futhi athinte inhliziyo (i-endocarditis). Ngakho-ke nakekela ngokukhethekile amazinyo akho kanye nempilo yomlomo.
- Ukwazisa abanye odokotela:Uma ubona udokotela nganoma yisiphi esinye isifo, qiniseka ukuthi umtshela ukuthi une-CHD, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa oke wakwenza.
- Ukukhulelwa: Uma owesifazane one-CHD ehlela ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalolu daba nodokotela wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane kusengaphambili.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma umuntu one-CHD eba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, myise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
- Ukuzumeka okukhulu noma ukuquleka (ubumpumputhe)
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlukile esikhumbeni noma ezindebeni
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) yisici esikhona enhliziyweni lapho umuntu ezalwa. Siyisifo esivame kakhulu.
- Izimpawu zingavela ebuntwaneni, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu kamuva ekuphileni. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha.
- Ngenxa yokwelashwa okuthuthukile kwanamuhla (imithi, izinqubo ze-catheter, ukuhlinzwa), abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo evamile negcwele.
- Ngisho noma unalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wenhliziyo impilo yakho yonke.
- Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi uxhumane nodokotela wezingane noma udokotela wenhliziyo ukuze uthole iseluleko. Uma isheshe yatholakala, umphumela uba ngcono.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho