Wake wazibuza ukuthi amathambo ethu, imisipha, isikhumba, kanye nezitho zomzimba zihlanganiswa kanjani ndawonye ngendlela ehlelekile? Njengokwakha indlu ngesimende, zonke lezi zingxenye zomzimba wethu zixhunywe futhi zisekelwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwezicubu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "Izicubu Ezixhumene". Lezi 'ziyiglu' zomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezithinta izicubu ezixhumene ezitholakala yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu zibizwa ngokuthi "Izifo Zezicubu Ezixhumene ".
Kalula nje, iyini le ngxubevange yezicubu?
Cabanga ngakho, lezi ziwuhlaka lwangaphakathi lomzimba wethu. Ngaphandle kwazo, umzimba wethu ubungawa ube yinqwaba. Lolu hlobo lwezicubu ezixhumene luhlanganisa:
- Amathambo: Uhlaka oluqinile olunikeza imizimba yethu ukuma namandla.
- I-cartilage: Izicubu ezibushelelezi phakathi kwamalunga ezivimbela amathambo amabili ukuthi angagudlani ndawonye. Siphinde sibe nalokhu emakhaleni nasezindlebeni zethu.
- Ama-Tendon: Izakhiwo eziqinile, ezifana ne-band ezixhumanisa imisipha namathambo.
- Ama-Ligaments: Izingxenye ezixhumanisa amathambo futhi ziqinise amalunga.
- Isikhumba: Isitho esikhulu kunazo zonke esimboza futhi sivikele imizimba yethu.
- Amafutha omzimba: Izingxenye zomzimba ezigcina amandla futhi zivikele izitho zomzimba.
- I-Fascia: Ulwelwesi oluncane oluzungeze imisipha nezitho zomzimba.
Uyabona, lezi zicubu zigcwele imizimba yethu yonke indawo. Yingakho uma isifo sezicubu ezixhumeneyo siqala, asigcini endaweni eyodwa yomzimba kuphela, kodwa singathinta izindawo eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi sithinta uhlobo olulodwa lwezicubu, ngezinye izikhathi sithinta izinhlobo eziningi zezicubu, ngisho nezitho zomzimba.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalezi zifo?
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo ezaziwayo, kodwa singazihlukanisa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba: Izifo ezibangelwa uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba) oluhlasela izicubu zethu.
2. Izifo zofuzo: Izifo eziba khona lapho kuzalwa futhi ezibangelwa yiphutha ezizalweni zofuzo.
3. Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza owenzeka ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi (amaSarcoma) .
Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
1. Izifo Zezicubu Ezixhumene Nemizimba Yethu Ezivikela Ngokuzenzakalelayo
Lolu uhlobo abantu abaningi abalwaziyo nabakhuluma ngalo uma bethi “isifo sezicubu ezixhumeneyo.” Kwenzeka into exakile lapha. Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esifana “nebutho” okufanele livikele imizimba yethu ezifweni, siqala ukuhlasela izicubu zethu ezixhumeneyo ezinempilo njengokungathi ngephutha. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli, noma ukuvuvukala, kulezo zicubu.Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, futhi ekugcineni kube nomonakalo ohlala njalo kulezo zicubu uma lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi eside.
Kalula nje, okwenzekayo lapha kufana nonogada bethu abahlasela ikhaya lethu.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezikulesi sigaba.
| Igama lesifo | Incazelo nje |
|---|---|
| Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis | Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amalunga. Amalunga ayavuvukala futhi aqine, futhi ungase ungakwazi ukugoba iminwe yakho uma uvuka ekuseni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalunga angonakala futhi iminwe ingagobeka. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuvuvukala kungasakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengemithambo yegazi namaphaphu. |
| I-Lupus | Lesi yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. I-Lupus ingathinta noma yiziphi izicubu zomzimba. Ingalimaza nezitho ezibalulekile njengesikhumba, amalunga, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso kanye nobuchopho. Ukuqubuka okubomvu okufana nokwebhabhathane kuyimpawu eyaziwayo. |
| I-Scleroderma | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-collagen eningi kunalokho okudingayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isikhumba sibe sikhulu, siqine, futhi sibe namaqhubu. Lokhu kungathinta nezitho zangaphakathi, njengamaphaphu, inhliziyo, kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. |
| Isifo sikaSjögren | Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba ahlasela izindlala ezikhiqiza umswakama emzimbeni. Okungukuthi, izindlala ezikhiqiza amathe kanye nokudabuka. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu eziyinhloko amehlo omile nomlomo owomile. Lokhu komile kungathinta nesikhumba, ikhala kanye nomphimbo. |
| I-Myositis | Lesi sifo sithinta imisipha. Imisipha iyavuvukala futhi ibe buthaka. Kuba nzima ukuvuka esihlalweni noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ngaphezu kwemisipha, i-eczema ingenzeka nasesikhumbeni. |
Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angaba nezimpawu zalezi zifo eziningana ndawonye. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi iMixed Connective Tissue Disease . Ngezinye izikhathi, kuba nezimpawu, kodwa azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokunembile njengesifo esithile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease .
2. Izinkinga Zezicubu Ezixhumene Nezakhi Zofuzo
Lezi zifo azibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Lezi yizimo esizalwa nazo, ezibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zethu. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo kushintsha indlela izicubu ezixhumene ngayo ezakheka ngayo. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni amabili kulezi zicubu okuthiwa i-collagen ne -elastin . I-Collagen inikeza izicubu amandla, kanti i-elastin izinika ukuguquguquka.
| Igama lesifo | Incazelo nje |
|---|---|
| I-Marfan syndrome | Lokhu kuthinta imicu ye-elastin, okwenza izicubu zibe zinde kakhulu futhi zikhululeke. Laba bantu bavame ukuba bade ngendlela engavamile, banemilenze neminwe emide kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele ikhathazeke ngayo njengoba kungathinta umthambo wegazi oyinhloko wenhliziyo (i-aorta). |
| I-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) | Lokhu kwenza i-collagen ibe buthaka, kwenze isikhumba sinwebeke kakhulu, amalunga aguquguquke kakhulu (njengamalunga amabili), futhi abe buthakathaka kakhulu. Amalunga avame ukuqhekeka, futhi ukulimala kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola. |
| I-Osteogenesis imperfecta | Elinye igama lalokhu "isifo samathambo abuthakathaka." Kulesi simo, amathambo aphuka kalula ngenxa yokuntuleka kohlobo lwe-collagen. Ngisho nokuwa okuncane kungabangela ukuphuka. Amehlo amhlophe nawo angase abonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
Izimpawu zabantu abazalwa nalesi sifo sofuzo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nezinkinga ezinkulu nezisongela ukuphila. Njengoba kungekho ikhambi lalesi sifo sofuzo, odokotela bangelapha kuphela izimpawu nezinkinga ezivelayo.
3. Umdlavuza wezicubu ezixhumeneyo (Umdlavuza - ama-Sarcomas)
I-Sarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo. Lokhu kungavela ezindaweni ezifana namathambo, i-cartilage, amafutha, imisipha, imisipha kanye nemisipha.
Lezi ngokuvamile azibonisi izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Izimpawu zivela kuphela lapho isimila sikhula futhi sicindezela isitho esiseduze noma imithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi singaqala njengobuhlungu bethambo noma ubuhlungu bamalunga. Ezinye zingavela futhi njengeqhubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ezinye izibonelo yi -osteosarcoma (umdlavuza wethambo) kanye ne -liposarcoma (umdlavuza wezicubu ezinamafutha).
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalezi zifo?
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zalezi zifo, izimpawu nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kodwa singabona izici ezimbalwa ezivamile.
- Ubuhlungu emzimbeni wonke: Ubuhlungu nokuqina, ikakhulukazi emisipheni nasemalungeni, kuvamile.
- Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala: Ukukhathala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo kuyisibonakaliso esivamile salezi zifo eziningi.
- Izinkinga zesistimu yokuphefumula kanye neyenhliziyo: Amaphaphu ethu anenqwaba yezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi idlula kulesi zicubu, ukuvuvukala endaweni eyodwa kungasakazeka kalula kulezi zitho. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye noshintsho ekushayeni kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi: Uma imithambo yegazi ivuvukala, ingaqhuma futhi ibangele ukopha emzimbeni.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma unezimpawu eziningana ezibonakala zingahlobene (isibonelo, ubuhlungu bamalunga, umlomo owomile, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba) ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungaba izici ezahlukene zesifo esifanayo. Ngakho ungazinaki.
Ingabe ikhona imbangela ethile yalezi zifo?
Eqinisweni, ososayensi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile yalezi zifo eziningi. Okwenzekayo ukuthi kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwenqubo ethile emzimbeni wethu. Ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba, amasosha omzimba ayahluleka ukusebenza kahle. Ezifweni zofuzo, kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zofuzo. Emdlavuzeni, amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki.
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani la maphutha esenzeka, kutholakale ukuthi kunezinye izici eziyingozi ezibangela lokhu.
- Amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile anobuthi.
- Ukuba nomlando womndeni walezi zifo (izinto ezizuzwa njengefa).
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela wakho unezimpawu zakho, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Uzobe esekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi angakuthumela ukuhlolwa okuningana, uma kudingeka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne -C-reactive protein (CRP) kanye ne -ESR kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Kuphinde kuhlole ama-antibodies athile ukuze kutholakale izifo zokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ama-X-ray kanye nama-MRI scan angasiza ekutholeni umonakalo emathanjeni, emalungeni, nasezicutshini ezithambile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu: Ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesikhumba noma enye izicubu ezithintekile bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
- Ukuhlola amehlo nomlomo owomile: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi unezimo ezifana ne-Sjögren's syndrome.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izifo eziningi zezicubu ezixhumeneyo ziyizimo zokuphila konke . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunzima ukuzelapha ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wodokotela ukunciphisa ubukhulu besifo, ukulawula izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokukusiza uphile impilo evamile.
Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba kanye nomdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziphele , okusho ukuthi kunezikhathi lapho lesi sifo singasebenzi futhi singenazo izimpawu. Kodwa zingaphinde zibuye.
- Ngezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba: Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala (ama-corticosteroids) kanye nama-immunosuppressants anikezwa ukulawula ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ngomdlavuza (ama-sarcoma): Kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe .
- Ngezifo zofuzo:Lokhu kwelashwa ngokwezimpawu ezivelayo. Isibonelo, kunikezwa imithi yobuhlungu ngenxa yobuhlungu, kanye nemithi yezinkinga zenhliziyo.
Cishe kuzo zonke lezi zifo , ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca okufanele okwenziwa ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ubuhlungu nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwamalunga nemisipha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo ziyiqembu lezifo ezithinta izicubu ezibamba imizimba yethu ndawonye. Zingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wethu.
- Lezi zifo zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukuzivikela komzimba, ufuzo, kanye nomdlavuza (i-sarcoma).
- Khuthazeka uma unezimpawu ezingaphezu kweyodwa, njengobuhlungu bamalunga, ukukhathala okukhulu, izinguquko zesikhumba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Nakuba eziningi zalezi zifo zingelapheki ngokuphelele, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, izimpawu zingalawulwa futhi impilo enhle ingaphilwa.
- Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuwusizo olukhulu ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo.
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