Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba kuhle kangakanani uma ikhono lokulwa lomuntu oselulama esifweni esithile lingasetshenziswa ukusiza umuntu osahlushwa yileso sifo? Akuyona inganekwane yesayensi. Kukhona ukwelashwa okunjalo kwezokwelapha. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalolo hlobo lokwelashwa oluhle. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Convalescent Plasma Therapy.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Convalescent Plasma?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Cabanga ukuthi unesifo, isibonelo igciwane elibi, elingena emzimbeni wakho. Uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho, olubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luqala ukulwa nalesi sitha. Benza izikhali ezikhethekile zale mpi. Lezi zikhali sizibiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . La ma-antibodies azi kahle ukuthi angayibona futhi ayibhubhise kanjani lelo gciwane.
Manje, emzimbeni womuntu oseluleme ngokuphelele kulesi sifo (osulelekile), kunenqwaba yama-antibodies enziwe ngokumelene nalelo gciwane egazini. Ekwelashweni kwe-Convalescent Plasma, amaseli anjenge-red blood cells nama-white blood cells asuswa egazini elithathwe kumuntu osulelekile, bese kuhlukaniswa ingxenye yoketshezi egcwele ama-antibodies kuphela. Le ngxenye yoketshezi yegazi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-plasma .
Le plasma ecebile ngama-antibody inikezwa umuntu onesifo esifanayo njengamanje. Kufana nokuthumela ibutho elinolwazi elinqobe impi ukuyosiza ibutho elisha elisalwa.
Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lusetshenziselwa izifo ezinjani?
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezintsha emhlabeni, ezingaba zimbi kakhulu, futhi okungekho muthi wokugomela noma ukwelashwa okuthile okwamanje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuba inketho ewusizo uma singenazo ezinye izikhali ezinamandla esinazo.
Nazi ezinye zezimo lapho odokotela besebenzise khona lokhu kwelashwa:
- I-COVID-19: Kwakukhulunywa kakhulu ngalokhu kwelashwa ekuqaleni kobhubhane.
- Imfiva yokopha ebangelwa yigciwane njenge -Ebola .
- I-SARS (i-severe acute respiratory syndrome): Leli futhi igciwane elibi emndenini we-coronavirus.
- Umkhuhlane wezinyoni.
- I-H1N1 (umkhuhlane wezingulube).
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nokuboleka ulwazi lomuntu onqobe isitha esisha ukuze alwe naso.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani ngaphakathi emzimbeni?
Indlela lokhu okusebenza ngayo yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-passive immunity . Kufana "ne-borrowed immunity."
Cabanga nje, lapho igciwane elifana negciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu okokuqala, kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuthi amasosha omzimba ethu alibone futhi enze ama-antibodies amelene nalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, igciwane lingasakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi libangele ukugula okukhulu.
Kodwa ukwelashwa nge-Convalescent Plasma kuhilela ukunikeza imizimba yethu amanye ama-antibodies asevele enziwe ngomuntu osevele elwile nalesi sifo futhi wakha ama-antibodies. Lawa ma-antibodies aqala ukulwa negciwane ngokushesha nje lapho engena emzimbeni. Lokhu kunikeza imizimba yethu isikhathi sokuthuthukisa ama-antibodies awo. Ngamanye amazwi, kufana nebutho elize ukuzosiza lilawula impi kuze kube yilapho ibutho lethu selilungele.
Ukwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Lokhu akuyona inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile inqubo elula njengokunikeza isisombululo se-saline.
1. Kukwenza uzizwe ukhululekile embhedeni noma esihlalweni.
2. Umhlengikazi noma udokotela uzohlanza kahle umthambo ongalweni yakho.
3. Bese kufakwa i-cannula encane (umugqa we-IV) kulowo mthambo. Lokhu kumane nje kuyimbobo encane.
4. Isikhwama esiqukethe i-plasma sixhunywe kule cannula.
5. Kungakapheli ihora noma ngaphezulu, le plasma ingena kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho.
6. Uma inqubo isiqediwe, i-cannula iyasuswa bese kufakwa iplasta encane endaweni.
7. Udokotela uzobe esekubhekisisa isikhashana ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini imiphumela emibi eyenzeka.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezithile. Ake sibheke kabanzi.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi Nokungahleleki |
|---|---|
| Kunganciphisa ubukhulu besifo kanye nokuvela kwezinkinga. | Njenganoma yikuphi ukumpontshelwa igazi okuvamile, kungase kube nokusabela okuncane kokungezwani komzimba noma umkhuhlane. |
| Ukwelashwa okuwusizo okungasetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kungekho khona imijovo noma imithi yezifo ezintsha. | Kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokutheleleka endaweni yokufakwa kwe-cannula. |
| Kusiza labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezinomdlavuza) kanye nalabo abangakhiqizi ama-antibodies ngisho nangemva kokugonywa. | Ingozi yokudluliswa kwezifo ezifana ne-HIV kanye ne-Hepatitis B/C (kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu kulezi zinsuku ngoba abanikeli kanye negazi bahlolwa ngokucophelela). |
| Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokwelashwa okuphephile kakhulu, okunengozi encane. | Akuzona zonke iziguli ezingaba nemiphumela efanayo ephumelelayo. |
Kuphumelela kangakanani lokhu?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Impumelelo yokwelashwa kwe-Convalescent Plasma incike ezintweni eziningana. Obaluleke kakhulu isikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Ezinye izifundo nge- COVID-19 zibonise ukuthi uma lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuqala kwezimpawu, kunganciphisa ubunzima besifo okuholela ekungenisweni esibhedlela cishe ngo-30% - 50%.
- Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukunikeza lokhu iziguli esezisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu futhi ezingeniswe egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) akwenzanga mehluko omkhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu sizo ludinga ukunikezwa ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo wenzeke.
- Izifundo ezenziwe ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Ebola azibonisanga umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okufa phakathi kwalabo abathole lokhu kwelashwa nalabo abangazange bakuthole.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona inhlamvu yomlingo esebenza kuzo zonke izifo kanye neziguli zonke. Impumelelo yayo incike ohlotsheni lwesifo, isimo sesiguli, kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela?
Uma unikezwa lokhu kwelashwa, noma uma unemibuzo ngakho, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini engavamile ngemva kokwelashwa, njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, kufanele futhi ukubike ngokushesha. Udokotela uzokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Ukwelashwa nge-Convalescent Plasma akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ezifweni ezifana ne-COVID-19 namuhla, njengoba kunemigomo nemithi yokulwa namagciwane esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, odokotela bangase bakubheke njengenketho lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Plasma YokuphulukisaKusho ukunikeza umuntu ogulayo i-plasma yegazi (equkethe ama-antibodies) evela kumuntu oselulame ekuthelelekeni.
- Lokhu kuphumela ekulweni komzimba okungenamsebenzi , okuyikhono lokulwa lesikhashana, "elibolekiwe" lomzimba.
- Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izifo ezintsha, ezinzima zamagciwane lapho kungekho khona imijovo noma imithi ethile.
- Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kuphephile kakhulu , impumelelo incike ekutholakaleni kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwaso kusenesikhathi .
- Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela efanele yokwelapha, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unenkinga.
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