Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi umhlaba awucacile? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyancipha kancane kancane kanye nobuhlungu nokulunywa emehlweni akho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu uma uhlangabezana nento efana nale. Esikhathini esiningi, imbangela yalokhu ingaba ukulimala kwe-cornea yakho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe namuhla, kunezixazululo ezisebenzayo kakhulu zalokhu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesisombululo esisodwa esinjalo, okuwukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwe-cornea.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa kwe-cornea?
Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea inqubo yokuhlinzwa esusa i-cornea eyonakele yeso lakho bese ifakwa i-cornea enempilo esikhundleni sayo. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-Corneal grafting' noma 'i-Keratoplasty'.
Cabanga ngakho njengekhamera. I-cornea ilensi yekhamera. Iyi-membrane ecacile ngaphambili kweso. Ukuze sibone umhlaba ngokucacile, ukukhanya kumele kudlule ku-cornea. Uma i-cornea yonakele nganoma iyiphi indlela, njengokuklwebheka, ukutheleleka, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha, umbono wethu uzoba lufifi.
Ukufakelwa i-cornea kuhilela ukususa le "lens" eyonakele bese kufakwa i-cornea enempilo ngokuphelele enikelwe ngumuntu oshonile. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okushintsha impilo okubuyisele umbono kubantu abaningi.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukufakelwa kwe-cornea?
Kunezimo eziningana lapho udokotela wakho wamehlo angancoma khona lokhu kuhlinzwa. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- I-Fuchs' dystrophy: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Kulesi sifo, amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwengqimba ye-cornea ayabhujiswa kancane kancane, okwenza i-cornea ivuvuke futhi ifiphale.
- I-Keratoconus: Lesi yisimo lapho i-cornea ishintsha khona isimo bese iqhuma iye phambili ibe yisimo esifana ne-cone. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umbono uphenduke.
- Izilonda ze-cornea: Ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngegciwane, kungabangela izilonda ku-cornea futhi kushiye izibazi.
- Izingozi: Ukushaywa esweni, ukugwazwa ngento ebukhali, noma ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ku-cornea.
- Umonakalo obangelwe ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwangaphambilini: Ngezinye izikhathi, i-cornea ingonakala njengomphumela ongemuhle wokuhlinzwa kwamehlo okunye.
- I-Bullous keratopathy: Isimo lapho kwakheka khona ukuvuvukala okufana nama-blister ku-cornea.
Kulesi simo, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokungaboni kahle, ubuhlungu bamehlo, kanye nokungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokufakelwa kwe-cornea?
Kuye ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-cornea lonakele kangakanani, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olukufanele. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa Kwe-Corneal Okuphelele (Ukungena Kwe-Keratoplasty) | Lena indlela yendabuko. Lapha, ukujiya konke kwe-cornea eyonakele, okungukuthi, izendlalelo zangaphandle, eziphakathi, nezangaphakathi, kuyasikwa kube yindilinga bese kususwa, bese kufakelwa i-cornea enempilo enobukhulu obufanayo bese ithungwa. |
| I-Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) | Uma umonakalo we-cornea yakho usezingqimbeni zangaphandle neziphakathi kuphela, futhi ungqimba olungaphakathi (i-endothelium) luphilile, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa izingqimba ezimbili ezonakele kuphela bese kufakwa izicubu ezinempilo esikhundleni sazo. |
| I-Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK/DSAEK) | Uma umonakalo ungowengqimba engaphakathi ye-cornea kuphela (isib. i-Fuchs' dystrophy), le ndlela isetshenziswa. Lapha, kususwa ungqimba lwangaphakathi olulimele kuphela bese kufakelwa ungqimba oluncane kakhulu oluphilile endaweni yalo. Kunezithungo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kufakwa ibhamuza lomoya esweni ukuze kubanjwe ulwelwesi olufakwe endaweni yalo. |
Okuthile okukhethekile ngokuhlinzwa kwe-Endothelial Keratoplasty
Uma uhlinzwa njenge-`DMEK` noma i-`DSAEK`, uzonikezwa imiyalelo ekhethekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Okusho ukuthi, ukulala ubheke phezulu ngenkathi ulele futhi uphumule. Uma wenza lokhu, ibhamuza lomoya elifakwe esweni lisiza ukugcina i-cornea esanda kutshalwa endaweni yayo futhi iyibambe endaweni yayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele.
Izinto okudingeka siziqaphele ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wezinzwa bazobuyekeza umlando wakho wezempilo futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nokuhlinzwa.
- Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo. Eminye imithi ingadinga ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Bazokweluleka ngokuthi kufanele uyeke nini ukudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Njengoba ungeke ukwazi ukushayela ngemva kokuhlinzwa, hlela kusengaphambili ukuthi othile akuyise ekhaya.
Izinto okufanele uzinakekele ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora amabili, ngemva kwalokho ungaya ekhaya.
- Isivikelo samehlo: Iso lingase libe bomvu, libe buhlungu kancane, futhi libe nomuzwa wezwela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Sebenzisa i-eye patch njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuncoma. Ungalokothi uhlikihle noma ucindezele iso lakho.
- Imithi: Amaconsi amehlo anikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokuvimbela umzimba ekwenqabeni i-cornea etshaliwe. Le mithi kungadingeka isetshenziswe unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
- Imisebenzi: Kungase kudingeke uyeke okwesikhashana imisebenzi engafaka amehlo akho engozini, njengokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo nokugijima noma ukugxuma. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha: Udokotela uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela zingakapheli amahora angama-24-48 kusukela ohlinzweni. Qiniseka ukuthi uya emitholampilo ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi ungaphinde ubone umhlaba ngokucacile, okwakungacacile ngaphambilini. Injabulo ehambisana nawo ayinakuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa okuphephile kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kungaba nezinkinga.
Ingozi enkulu ukwenqatshwa kwezitho zomzimba/i-cornea. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ayayibona i-cornea entsha 'njengeyangaphandle' futhi alwa nayo. Umgomo wokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukunciphisa le ngozi.
Ezinye izinkinga:
- Ukutheleleka kwamehlo.
- Ukopha.
- Ukwanda komfutho wamehlo (i-Glaucoma).
- I-retina ehlukanisiwe.
- I-Astigmatism yenzeka ngenxa yesimo esingajwayelekile se-cornea etshaliwe.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha!
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela iso lakho kahle ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo zokwenqatshwa , shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ubuhlungu bamehlo (Ubuhlungu)
- Ukubomvu kweso
- Ukuzwela kokukhanya
- Umbono Ofiphele
Uma lezi zimpawu zitholakala futhi zelashwa kusenesikhathi, ukwenqatshwa kungalawulwa.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenzile.
- Uma kwenziwa ukufakelwa i-cornea ephelele (Penetrating Keratoplasty) , kungathatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-12 ukuze kubuyelwe umbono ogcwele.
- Uma uke wahlinzwa i-Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK/DSAEK) , ungabona kahle ezinyangeni ezintathu nje kuphela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ethatha indawo ye-cornea eyonakele nge-cornea enempilo, futhi iveza imiphumela ephumelela kakhulu.
- Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo lokuhlinzwa (okugcwele, okuyingxenye, noma okungaphakathi kuphela) olufanele wena.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamaconsi amehlo kanye nokuvikela amehlo.
- Qaphela izimpawu zokwenqatshwa, njengobuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukuzwela ukukhanya, noma ukubona okufiphele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Kuthatha isikhathi ukululama ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke hlala unesineke futhi unethemba. Hlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi uxoxe ngezinto ezikukhathazayo.
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