Njengoba sikhwehlela futhi sibanda kulezi zinsuku, ingabe ucabanga nokuthi, "O, nginani?"? Kunzima ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umkhuhlane ovamile, i-coronavirus (COVID-19), noma leli gciwane elisha le-RSV, akunjalo? Ngoba izimpawu zazo zonke lezi zifana kakhulu. Nakuba lezi zifo zokuphefumula zivame kakhulu ekwindla nasebusika, empeleni singazithola nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngala magciwane amabili, i-Coronavirus ne-RSV, ukufana nokwehluka kwawo, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuwo.
Kuyini iCoronavirus kanye ne-RSV?
Kalula nje, lezi zombili izinhlobo zamagciwane athinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, izindawo ezifana nekhala, umphimbo, namaphaphu.
I-Coronavirus empeleni igama elijwayelekile leqembu lamagciwane. Amagciwane akuleli qembu ake athelela abantu ngaphambili. Isifo se-COVID-19 esisaziyo sonke sibangelwa yilungu lakamuva lomndeni we-coronavirus, igciwane `(SARS-CoV-2)`. Nakuba lingathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okulithola. Abanye abantu bangatheleleka futhi bangakhombisi zimpawu. Abanye abantu abathola i-COVID-19 bangaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Long COVID" . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ezahlukahlukene (njengokukhathala, ubunzima bokuphefumula) ziyaqhubeka izinyanga eziningi ngemva kokuba igciwane selisukile emzimbeni.
I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ingenye igciwane lokuphefumula. Liyilungu leqembu lamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi `(ama-pneumoviruses)`. Lingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa livame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala . Eqinisweni, cishe zonke izingane emhlabeni zitheleleka nge-RSV okungenani kanye ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili. Nakuba ivame ukuzixazulula, ingaba nzima kakhulu kwezinye izingane, ikakhulukazi izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kanye nezinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uhlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokusekelwe ezimpawini?
Izimpawu zazo zombili zifana kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukubona ukuthi iyiphi eyiphi ngokubheka nje izimpawu. Kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane.
| Isibonakaliso | Okuvamile ku-COVID-19 | Okuvamile ku-RSV |
|---|---|---|
| Izici ezivamile zombili | Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba. | |
| Ukulahlekelwa iphunga nokunambitha | ✔️ Yebo, kuvamile. | ❌ Cha, akuvamile ukubonwa. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (Ukuphefumula kanzima) | Kungenzeka kubantu abadala. | ✔️ Yebo, kuvamile , ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni . Kuzwakala umsindo wokuduma uvela esifubeni. |
| Ukuzingela izingwenya | Kungase kube khona. | ✔️ Yebo, ingabonakala njalo. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla/ukucasuka kwezingane | Kungase kube khona. | ✔️ Yebo, kuvamile ukuthi izingane ezincane zicasuke futhi zenqabe ukudla. |
Odokotela bezingane ikakhulukazi bakhomba ukuthi uma kwenzeka i-RSV, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula kuvame kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, amazinga omoya-mpilo angase ehle futhi lokho kudinga ukwelashwa.
Uma ukutheleleka nge-RSV kuba kubi kakhulu, kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne-'Bronchiolitis' (ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya emincane emaphashini) kanye ne-'Pneumonia' (ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu/i-pneumonia).
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba womabili amagciwane angathinta noma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu.
Labo abasengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19:
- Abantu abadala
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba)
- Abantu abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo samaphaphu
Labo abasengozini enkulu ye-RSV bahlanganisa:
- Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
- Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala ezinezifo zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu ezizalwa nazo
- Izingane ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
- Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu
Wazi kanjani ukuthi lesi sifo siyini ngempela?
Ungase uzibuze, "Ngakho wazi kanjani ngokuqinisekile?" Empeleni, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola lesi sifo ngokunembile ukuhlolwa.
Manje sekukhona ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwe-COVID-19. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izivivinyo ezingabona zonke ezintathu—i-COVID, i-RSV, kanye ne-Influenza (umkhuhlane)—ekuhlolweni okukodwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unengane, umuntu osekhulile, noma umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ekhaya lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho singabavikela.
Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, alalele amaphaphu akho, futhi enze izivivinyo ezilandelayo, uma kudingeka:
- I-swab yamakhala noma yomphimbo
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuhlolwa okukala izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini (i-Pulse oximetry)
Iphathwa futhi iphathwa kanjani?
Ezimweni eziningi, kokubili i-COVID kanye ne-RSV zelashwa ngokulawula izimpawu nokunikeza impumuzo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukunakekelwa okusekelayo."
- Ukuphumula: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele.
- Uketshezi: Phuza amanzi amaningi, iphalishi, kanye nojusi wezithelo ukuze ugcine umzimba wakho unamanzi.
- Ngomkhuhlane nobuhlungu: Ungathatha imithi yokubulala izinhlungu njenge-paracetamol njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Ngekhala elicijile: Amaconsi kasawoti angafakwa ekhaleni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu:
Nge-COVID-19, kunemithi yokulwa namagciwane enganikezwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngeseluleko sikadokotela.
Okwamanje akukho muthi wokulwa namagciwane ovunyelwe we-RSV.
Khumbula, ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinjengalezi. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa kuphela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubangela ukutheleleka kwesibili kwebhaktheriya emaphashini, udokotela angase anikeze ama-antibiotic.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zifo?
Bathi, “Kungcono ukuvimbela ukugula kunokuhlushwa yikho.” Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi singazivikela kanjani kulokhu.
1. Ukugoma: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthola umjovo ovunyiwe we-COVID-19 kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Manje sekukhona nomjovo we-RSV. Lokhu kunconywa ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Uma umama ethola lo mjovo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umntwana naye uvikelekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala.
2. Ukwelashwa Kwama-Antibody: Kukhona umuthi wokugomela ama-antibody okhethekile onikezwa izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane ezincane ezisengozini ukuze zivikeleke kwi-RSV. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
3. Ukuhlanzeka:
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala uma insipho namanzi kungekho.
- Yeka ukuthinta umlomo, impumulo, namehlo ngezandla zakho.
- Tshela wonke umuntu endlini ukuthi asebenzise indololwane yakhe uma ekhwehlela noma ethimula, uma engenawo amathishu.
- Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa (izibambo zeminyango, amakhawunta, amathoyizi) ngesibulali-magciwane.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha?
Nakuba lezi zimo zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa, kwezinye izimo isimo singaba sibi kakhulu. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Izimpawu zesexwayiso - hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
Kunoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala:
| Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nezinsana:
|
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-COVID-19 kanye ne-RSV amagciwane amabili athinta uhlelo lokuphefumula. Njengoba izimpawu zifana, ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile.
- Igciwane le-RSV lingaba yingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ezinganeni ezincane, nakubantu asebekhulile.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulezi zifo ukugonywa. Manje sekukhona imijovo ye-COVID kanye ne-RSV. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ungathathi noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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