Kwenzekani enkumbulweni yakho? Ake sifunde ngesifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)?

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi, "O, nami ngikhohliwe nalokhu!"? Ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudideka kungaba yinto evamile. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo kancane kancane kanye nokushintsha kokuziphatha kungaba yizimpawu zesifo esingathi sína. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile, kodwa esingathi sína kakhulu, esithinta ubuchopho. Leso yisifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, noma i-CJD njengoba sisibiza ngamafuphi.

Iyini le CJD? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngakho, ubuchopho bethu bungumshini oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze lo mshini usebenze kahle, izingxenye zawo ezincane, ezibizwa ngamaseli, kudingeka zibe nempilo enhle. I-CJD yisifo esingavamile nesingathi sína esibhubhisa kancane kancane amangqamuzana ethu obuchopho. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu uhlobo olungavamile lweprotheyini olubizwa ngokuthi "ama-prions" .

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lawa 'ma-prion' ayini. Emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, kunezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-protein. Lawa afana nemishini emincane, anesimo esithile, futhi kuphela uma ekuleso simo lapho engenza khona umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele. Cabanga ngakho njenge-origami. Uma uyigoqa kahle, ungenza isilwane noma imbali enhle. Kodwa uma uyigoqa ngendlela engafanele? Ayisebenzi. Yileyo ndlela lawa ma-protein agoqa ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa ma-protein agoqa ngendlela engafanele. Sibiza lawa ma-protein agoqekile ngendlela engafanele ngokuthi 'ama-prion'.

Lawa 'ma-prion' asongiwe kahle aqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Aqongelela futhi abhubhise lawo maseli. Kufana nenqwaba kadoti eqongelela nsuku zonke. Yingakho iziguli ze-CJD ziba nezimpawu ze- dementia , njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo nokudideka. Zingaphinde zithole izinguquko zokuziphatha kanye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-CJD ihlala ibulala. Kuze kube manje, ayikho ikhambi layo, futhi ayikho indlela yokunciphisa ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha nezindlela zokunakekela ezisiza isiguli ukuba siphile ngokunethezeka futhi sinciphise ubuhlungu.

Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Emhlabeni wonke, lesi sifo sivela kubantu abacishe babe munye kuya kwababili kwabayisigidi minyaka yonke. Ngisho nasezweni elifana ne-United States, kubikwa amacala angaba ngu-350 kuphela e-CJD minyaka yonke.

Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwalokhu olubizwa ngokuthi ``variant CJD`` (noma ``vCJD``) . Futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Kubangelwa ukudla inyama yenkomo enesifo ``bovine spongiform encephalopathy`` (BSE), okuyisifo esithinta izinkomo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-CJD? Ake sikubheke kusukela ekuqaleni.

Izimpawu ze-CJD zivame ukubonakala kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, lezi zimpawu zinganda ngokushesha. Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko, kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo kuya ezigabeni zokugcina:

• Izinkinga zokukhohlwa kanye nenkumbulo:Kuqala ngokukhohlwa izinto ezincane. Izinto ezifana negama lomngane, umgwaqo, noma umsebenzi obuwenza. Kancane kancane, lokhu kuya kuba kubi kakhulu.
• Ukudideka nokudideka: Awukwazi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphi, isikhathi sini, noma ukuthi ubani okhona.
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasebuntwini: Ungase ungabi ngumuntu ofanayo owawunguye ngaphambili. Ungase uthukuthele kalula, uzizwe udangele, noma ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke imizwa.
• Izinkinga zokubona, ubunzima bokuqonda okubonayo: Ukubona kwakho kuba buthakathaka, futhi awukwazi ukubona okubonayo.
• Ukuphupha noma ukukhohlisa: Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho, noma ukuba nezinkolelo ezingamanga zokuthi othile uzama ukukulimaza.
• Izinkinga zokuxhumanisa (i-ataxia): Ungase ungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, ube nobunzima bokulawula izitho zakho, futhi ungase uzulazule njengomuntu odakiwe.
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba: Ukuwa umi noma uhamba.
• Ukufinyela kwemisipha okungalawulwa (`myoclonus`) kanye nokuqina kwemisipha (`dystonia`): Ukugxumagxuma okungazelelwe kwengalo noma umlenze, noma umuzwa wokuqina kwemisipha yomzimba.
• Ukuquleka: Kungafika njengokuquleka.
• Ukukhubazeka: Izingxenye zomzimba ziyakhubazeka.
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha: Imisipha yomzimba iyalahleka.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele ngayinye ngayinye, noma zingase zivele eziningana ndawonye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu.

Yini ebangela i-CJD? Ake sikhumbule lawo 'ma-prion' futhi

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko ye-CJD amaprotheni asongiwe kabi abizwa ngokuthi "ama-prion." Into eyingozi kakhulu ngala "ma-prion" ukuthi angasongeka ngisho namaprotheni ajwayelekile, anempilo. Njengoba nje i-apula elilodwa elibi lingenza wonke amanye ama-apula angonakali.

Amangqamuzana obuchopho awakwazi ukususa lawa 'ma-prion' asongiwe ngendlela engafanele. Ngakho-ke ayaqoqana, ekugcineni abhubhise amangqamuzana obuchopho. Njengoba lawa 'ma-prion' esakazeka ebuchosheni bonke, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CJD?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-CJD:

• I-CJD engavamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-CJD. Imbangela eqondile ayikakaziwa. Kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala.
• I-Genetic CJD: Lokhu kuzuzwa njengefa. Kubangelwa i-gene enephutha ezuzwe kumzali oyedwa noma bobabili. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu: i-Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome kanye ne -fatal familial insomnia . Lezi ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ziyizimo ezithile kakhulu.
• I-CJD Etholiwe (`I-CJD Etholiwe`):Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimbangela zangaphandle. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ngokufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu one-CJD, ukufakelwa izicubu, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokuhlinza ezingcolisiwe. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Namuhla, kunokukhathazeka okukhulu ngalokhu.
• Uhlobo lwe-CJD (vCJD): Sesikhulume ngalokhu ngaphambilini. Kubangelwa ukudla inyama yenkomo etheleleke ngesifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo (BSE). Ama-prion abangela i-BSE angatheleleka kubantu kanye nezinye izilwane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CJD?

Noma ubani angathola i-CJD. Ngezinye izikhathi, 'ama-prion' emzimbeni wakho angaba khona iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Kodwa uma izimpawu sezivele, lesi sifo singaba sibi ngokushesha njengoba ubuchopho bonakalisiwe.

Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwe-CJD lwezakhi zofuzo luvame ukuvela phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-50.

Ingabe i-CJD iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi. I-CJD ayisabalali ngokuxhumana okuvamile, njengokuxhawulana, ukukhuluma, noma ukudla ndawonye. Ukuphela kwendlela i-CJD engasabalala ngayo isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye ukufakelwa isitho noma izicubu ezivela kumuntu one-CJD, noma ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone athile avela kumuntu oke waba nayo.

Bathi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi `vCJD` lungadluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi, kodwa lokho akuvamile kakhulu. Isifo esibizwa ngokuthi `vCJD` ngokwaso asivamile kakhulu.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-CJD?

Udokotela uxilonga i-CJD ngokuhlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, bazokwenza nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Bazokucela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi elula ukuze uzame ukuthola izinkinga ngokusebenza kobuchopho bakho.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa i-CJD 'njengesifo esidluliselwayo se-spongiform encephalopathy' . Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, libhekisela endleleni ubuchopho obonakele ngayo yi-'prions' ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Okusho ukuthi, bubukeka njengesiponji esinamaqhubu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezifana ne -MRI scan noma i-spinal tap (ukubhoboza i-lumbar).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangase basebenzise izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuze banqume ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo neze-CJD futhi baqhubeke nokuphenya nge-CJD:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo - ikakhulukazi ukubona ukuthi uhlobo oluthile luyifa yini
• I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG)
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• I-biopsy yobuchopho - Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi, kuphela uma zonke ezinye izivivinyo zehluleka ukunikeza ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-CJD?

Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa, noma ikhambi le-CJD. Okuwukuphela kwento odokotela abangayenza ukusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu .

Isibonelo, imithi inganikezwa ukwelapha ukuxhuzula, izinguquko zokuziphatha, noma ukudikiza kwemisipha okungalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa zilinganiselwe.

Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinketho zokunakekelwa okusekelayo kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo, izinsizakalo ze-hospice zingaba usizo kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ufaneleka, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingasikisela ukuthi uhlanganyele ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha olucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu one-CJD angalulindela?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-CJD ayilapheki futhi ayinayo ikhambi, umbono womuntu onesifo ufiphele kakhulu. Uma izimpawu seziqalile, akuthathi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ikhono lokusebenza ngokuzimela, ukuhambahamba, nokukhuluma liphele.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko zingenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela kusenesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifiso nezidingo zakho ziyahlangatshezwa. Eqinisweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo noma cha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi wonke umuntu abe 'nesiqondiso kusengaphambili' . Lokhu kusho ukuthi usubhale phansi kusengaphambili ukuthi yiluphi usizo lwezokwelapha olufunayo uma ungakwazi ukuveza izifiso zakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nalolu hlelo lube sesikhundleni ekuqaleni kwesifo esisakazeka ngokushesha njenge-CJD.

Njengoba lesi simo sibucayi kangakanani, kungumqondo omuhle ukufuna iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ukuze akusize wena nomndeni wakho nibhekane nalezi zinguquko futhi nihlale niqinile engqondweni.

Ingakanani isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli se-CJD?

Iningi leziguli ze-CJD liyafa zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa noma unyaka ngemva kokuxilongwa. Okuwukuphela komehluko uhlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-CJD, lapho abantu bangaphila khona kusukela onyakeni owodwa kuya kweyishumi ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile nolusesikhathini mayelana nesimo sakho. Khumbula, izibalo azithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo.

Ingabe i-CJD ingavinjelwa?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-CJD azinakuvinjelwa. Okuwukuphela komehluko uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi 'vCJD'. Luvela ekudleni inyama yenkomo etheleleke nge-'BSE' (isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo).

Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kusiza ukuvimbela izinkomo ezinegciwane le-BSE ukuthi zingangeni ochungechungeni lokuphakelwa kokudla. Kodwa-ke, inyama engahlolwanga futhi engalungiswanga kahle isengaba yingozi. Ukuze uphephe, gwema ukudla inyama engahlolwanga nengalawulwa, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zobuchopho noma umnkantsha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD kuyinto eshintsha impilo. Kungazwakala sengathi wena nomhlaba okuzungezile nihambile ngokuphazima kweso. Ushintsho olunjalo lungaba nzima kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo ukubhekana nalo.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yini ongayilindela noma ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nayo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukuzokusiza. Bangakusiza uhlele kusenesikhathi futhi ulungiselele okuzayo. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

I - CJD, Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jakob, i-prion, isifo sobuchopho, isifo sezinzwa, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo