Wake wezwa ngesikhunta esingena emzimbeni wakho ngokunyenya? Ake sifunde nge-Cryptococcosis!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcosis? Igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, futhi liyesabeka kancane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kuyisifo esibangelwa yi-fungus. Sonke sibhekene nezinto eziningi endaweni esikuyo, kanye nalezi fungi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcosis ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-Cryptococcosis?

Kalula nje, i-cryptococcosis yilapho uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcus lungena emzimbeni wakho futhi lubangele ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni bakho noma emaphashini. Ngezinye izikhathi lungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, esizibiza ngokuthi i-distributed cryptococcosis .

Cabanga nje, uma le fungus ye-Cryptococcus ihlasela ubuchopho bakho, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cryptococcal meningitis . Khona-ke ungathola izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nobuhlungu bentamo. Futhi, uma kuthinta amaphaphu akho, kubizwa ngokuthi i-cryptococcal pneumonia noma i-pulmonary cryptococcosis . Khona-ke ungaba nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Cryptococcus fungi.

• Ama-Cryptococcus neoformans: Lolu hlobo luvame ukuthinta abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Okusho ukuthi, labo abanamandla omzimba okumelana nesifo aphansi yibo abathinteka kakhulu yiso.
• I-Cryptococcus gattii: Kodwa lolu hlobo lungakwenza ugule noma ngabe amasosha omzimba wakho aqinile.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ungakubona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-cryptococcosis zincike ekutheni isikhunta singena kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Uma sithinta amaphaphu, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, futhi uma sithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi (ubuchopho nomgogodla), ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana ne-meningitis. Ku-cryptococcosis esakazekile, izimpawu zingavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi uyacinana
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Imfiva

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (i-Cryptococcal Meningitis):

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqina kwentamo (kangangokuthi awukwazi ukubeka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho)
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okukhulu)

Izimpawu ze-cryptococcosis esakazekile zifaka:

Uma une-cryptococcosis esakazekile, ungase uqaphele izinguquko zesikhumba ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezihilela amaphaphu noma uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Isibonelo:

• Ama-patches aqinile noma aqinile (ama-plaque)
• Ukuqubuka
• Izilonda
• Amaqhubu
• Amabhamuza

Kungani i-Cryptococcosis yenzeka?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo izinhlobo ezimbili zesikhunta , i-Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) kanye ne -Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Lezi sikhunta zihlala endaweni ezungezile - ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, emagxolweni esihlahla, kanye nasemasimini ezinyoni, ikakhulukazi amasimini ejuba.

Cabanga nje, uma ngezinye izikhathi sisebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, eduze kwezakhiwo ezindala, noma ezingadini, lawa ma-spores esikhunta angangena emizimbeni yethu.

Lezi sikhunta, `C. gattii` kanye `C. ama-neoformans`, atholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. `C. i-gattii` ivame kakhulu e-Australia, British Columbia, Canada, Pacific Northwest of the United States, and Southeast Asia.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

I-Cryptococcosis ibangelwa ukuphefumula ama-spores aphuma emoyeni esikhunta i-Cryptococcus. Lawa awabonakali ngeso lenyama, futhi kungaba nzima ukuwagwema uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sikhunta sivame khona.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi abantu abaningi abaphefumula le fungus ababi nezimpawu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ifungus iqala ukukhula emaphashini abo, noma idlule emzimbeni iye ebuchosheni bese ibenza bagule. Ngezinye izikhathi ifungus ingaba semaphashini akho isikhathi eside, kodwa ikhula kuphela futhi ibangele izimpawu lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka ngesizathu esithile (isibonelo, ngenxa yesinye isifo noma imithi oyiphuzayo).

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Cha. I-Cryptococcosis ayisona isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Awukwazi ukusithola kumuntu othelelekile.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, uhlobo lwe-C. neoformans luvame ukubangela izifo kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abane- HIV/AIDS .
• Abantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, isibonelo ama-lymphoma kanye nama-leukemia .
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa i-stem cell, isitho somzimba, noma umongo wethambo.
• Imithamo ephezulu ye-corticosteroids isikhathi esideAbantu abanezimo ezidinga ukuthatha imithi (isib., izifo ezithile zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona, izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba).

Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwe-`C. gattii` lungabangela izifo kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezinempilo kanye nalabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

I-Cryptococcosis, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo ebuchosheni bakho, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu . Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ukwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda: Lokhu kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani loketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho, okufaka ingcindezi enkulu ebuchosheni. Uma kungelashwa kahle, kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.
• Izifo zamehlo noma izimo zokuvuvukala.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha elawula amehlo ( i-extraocular muscle paresis ).
• Ukubuyela emuva: Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-cryptococcosis zingabuya ngemva kokwelashwa.
• I-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): I-IRIS yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokweqile ngemva kokwelashwa, okwenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ivame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, kodwa ingenzeka nakubantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?

Odokotela baxilonga i-cryptococcosis ngokuhlola izicubu zakho noma uketshezi lomzimba ukuthola izimpawu ze-Cryptococcus fungus. Bangenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Igazi lakho.
• Uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF ). Lokhu kutholakala ngokuthatha isampula yoketshezi oluvela emgogodleni (ukubhoboza kwe-lumbar).
• I-sputum (i-phlegm ephuma emaphashini uma ikhwehlela).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, umlando wokuhamba, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe nakho kungasiza ekuxilongeni. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, ungadinga ne-X-ray yesifuba , i-CT scans (i-computed tomography scans) , noma i-MRIs (i-magnetic resonance imaging) ukuze ubheke izinguquko emaphashini akho noma ebuchosheni.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela basebenzisa imithi yokulwa namagciwane ukwelapha i-cryptococcosis.. Ukwelashwa okuqondile okutholayo kuzoncika ekutheni i-Cryptococcus fungus ikuphi emzimbeni wakho kanye nempilo yesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela. Isibonelo, umuntu one-cryptococcosis yamaphaphu encane angadinga umuthi owodwa nje we-antifungal. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo esibi kakhulu noma i-cryptococcal meningitis bangadinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu, okusho ukuthatha imithi eminingana ye-antifungal isikhathi eside.

Imithi ethile kanye nokwelashwa okusetshenziselwa i-Cryptococcosis:

• I-Fluconazole
• I-Amphotericin B (AmB)
• I-Flucytosine
• Ama-Corticosteroids (lawa anikezwa ukulawula izimo ezifana nokuvuvukala kobuchopho)
• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa izimila ezinkulu zesikhunta (i-cryptococcomas).
• Ukubhoboza noma ukuhlikihla i-lumbar (amapayipi akhethekile) okwelaphayo ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi ebuchosheni.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uhlaselwa yilesi sifo?

Kuye ngokuthi utheleleke kuphi nokuthi ugula kangakanani, udokotela wakho kungadingeka akwelaphe ngemithi yokukhunta amasonto noma izinyanga ukuze aqede i-cryptococcosis. Uma une-HIV, udokotela wakho kungadingeka ashintshe imithi yakho yokudambisa igciwane . Uma unesinye isimo esenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka, ukwelapha leso simo esiyisisekelo kungakusiza ukuthi ulwe ne-cryptococcosis.

Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?

Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba eziphilile bavame ukwelashwa ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka bangase babe nesikhathi esinzima sokuzelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zakho zingase zibuye ngemva kokwelashwa.

Iyini ingozi yokufa ngenxa yalokhu?

Izinga lokufa kweziguli ezine-cryptococcosis ezelashwa eNyakatho Melika (kufaka phakathi i-United States neCanada) kulinganiselwa ukuthi lingaba ngu-20% . Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zase-Afrika, leli nani lingafinyelela ku-70% . Kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi emhlabeni, izinsizakalo zezempilo ozitholayo zinomthelela omkhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abasezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezihlwempu ngokwezomnotho basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yezifo eziningi. Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo.

Ngingazivikela kanjani kulokhu? Kungenzeka yini?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-Cryptococcus ivame khona, kungaba nzima ukugwema ukuyiphefumula. Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu yokuguliswa yi-Cryptococcus, udokotela wakho angase akuncome okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa okuqondiwe: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV, udokotela angase akuhlolele ama-antigen e-Cryptococcus (izingxenye ezibonakalayo zesikhunta) noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu ze-cryptococcosis. Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa iqinisekile, bangakusiza nge-cryptococcosis ukuze bakuvimbele ekuguleni ngenxa yesikhunta esivele sikhona emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuvimbela: Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-cryptococcosis, udokotela wakho angase akwelaphe ngemithi yokukhunta. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukugula uma ubhekene ne-Cryptococcus.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani impilo yami?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingase zibe buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho. Hlala uhlangana nodokotela bakho njalo. Babuze ukuthi bangazibona kanjani izimpawu zokutheleleka. Khuluma nabo ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unesifo esenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka, njenge-HIV, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukugula. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka futhi unezimpawu ze-cryptococcosis noma olunye ukutheleleka, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokugula okungathí sina, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kwama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-103/40 degrees Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Izinguquko embonweni.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuquleka.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uye nazo egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Ungadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha, noma ngabe izimpawu zakho zincane kakhulu kunezo ezibalwe lapha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Kuyingozi kangakanani lokhu kutheleleka?
• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami?
• Ngidinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola ukwelashwa?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukutheleleka esikhathini esizayo?

Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

I-Cryptococcosis iwukutheleleka kwesikhunta okungaba kubi kakhulu kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukukuhlola futhi akunikeze imithi yokuvimbela. Futhi ngentuthuko yokwelashwa, abantu abaphila ne-HIV manje basengozini encane kakhulu yokuthola izifo ezingathi sína. Ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho, ungakha uhlelo lokukugcina uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, futhi ungakhohlwa ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezinkinga.

I- Cryptococcosis, ukutheleleka ngefungus, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, isifo samaphaphu, ukuzivikela komzimba, i-HIV, imithi yokulwa namagciwane