Isitha esithule samehlo: Ake sifunde nge-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kungaba nezitha amehlo ethu angaziboni? Kunezifo ezithile ezifika kaningi futhi zilimaze umbono wethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo samehlo esibi kakhulu, kodwa uma siqaphela kusengaphambili, singasisiza ukuba sisilawule. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Cytomegalovirus Retinitis, noma i-`(Cytomegalovirus Retinitis)`, noma i-`(CMV) Retinitis` ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis?

Kalula nje, i-`(CMV) Retinitis` iyisifo samehlo esibi kakhulu. Ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-`Retinitis`. Kuwukuvuvukala kwe-`Retina`` ngaphakathi kweso. Le ``Retina`` yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeso esisiza sibone futhi sithole ukukhanya.

Manje ake ngikutshele kancane ngaleli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(CMV)`. Leli lingelohlobo lwe-`(Necrotizing virus)`. Okusho ukuthi, leli gciwane libhubhisa izicubu zomzimba wethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, leli gciwane lingelomndeni wegciwane le-`(Herpes)`. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, abaningi bethu kungenzeka ukuthi bake baba naleli gciwane le-`(CMV)` emizimbeni yethu ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu, kodwa asilizwa nhlobo. Lilala emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba womuntu ebuthakathaka, lelo gciwane elilele lingaphinde lisebenze futhi libangele izifo ezifana ne-`(CMV) Retinitis`.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yokuthola le `(CMV) Retinitis`. Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Kulabo abane-(HIV/AIDS)`: Eqinisweni, i-`(CMV) Retinitis` iyimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe kubantu abane-`(HIV/AIDS).
• Kulabo abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yomdlavuza: Lokhu kwelashwa kunciphisa amasosha omzimba.
• Abantu abake bafakelwa izitho zomzimba, bafakelwa umongo wamathambo, noma abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngenxa yezimo zokuzivikela komzimba (izifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana awo). Le mithi yenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela semvelo.

Cabanga nje, lapho onogada emizimbeni yethu bebuthakathaka, kulula ngesela ukungena. Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, kulula ngegciwane elithi ``(CMV)`` ukungena esweni bese kubangela umonakalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Inkinga eyodwa ngalokhu ukuthi kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala ze-CMV Retinitis. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu sezivele, zingafaka:

• Ama-Floater: Ukuzizwa njengezinto ezincane ezimnyama, njenge-spider webs, ezintanta phambi kwamehlo: Lokhu kuvamile kubantu abaningi, kodwa kufanele ukhathazeke uma kukhula ngokuzumayo.
• I-Scotoma ekhanyayo: Lesi yisimo esizwakala njengokukhanya okuncane noma amabala amnyama ahambahamba phambi kwamehlo .
• Umbono ongaphandle: Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lezinto ezikuzungezile ongazibona ngenkathi ubheke phambili liyancipha.
• I-Metamorphopsia: Izinto zingase zibonakale zishintsha isimo, njengokungathi zibuka engilazini yamanzi.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila amehlo ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Photophobia).
• Amehlo abomvu.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu ziqala kwelinye iso bese zisakazekela kwelinye. Ngakho-ke uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kungani i-CMV retinitis ivele?

Kalula nje, i-CMV Retinitis yenzeka uma utheleleke ngegciwane le-CMV futhi igciwane lithinta i-retina yakho. Lokhu akubangelwa yigciwane elisha elingena emzimbeni, kodwa kubangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwegciwane ebelikade lilele, njengoba amasosha omzimba abantu abadala eba buthaka.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nochwepheshe wamehlo (Ophthalmologist). Uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu zamanje. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokunikeza amaconsi amehlo bese benza ukuhlolwa kokukhula.

Kungani la mehlo evuleka? Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone kangcono ngaphakathi kweso. Angahlola izimpawu zesifo ku-retina nakwezinye izingxenye zeso. Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-retinitis, angenza nomsebenzi wezelabhorethri, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuze athole imbangela eqondile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Kunemithi yokulwa namagciwane engelapha i-CMV retinitis. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi yize le mithi ingalawula lesi sifo, ayikwazi ukuselapha ngokuphelele.

Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunikeza eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yale mithi yokulwa namagciwane ndawonye:

• `(I-Valganciclovir)`: Lokhu kunikezwa njengephilisi elithathwa ngomlomo.
• `(Ganciclovir)`: Lokhu kunganikezwa njengoketshezi olunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) noma njengomjovo esweni (Intravitreal injection - IVI).
• `(Foscarnet)`: Lokhu kunikezwa futhi ngokuthi `(IV)` noma `(IVI)`.
• `(Cidofovir)`: Lokhu kunikezwa futhi njenge-`(IV)` noma `(IVI)`.
• `(Letermovir)`: Lona futhi umuthi ophuzwayo.
• `(Fomiversen)`

Isikhathi sokwelashwa singathatha amasonto amaningana. Ngoba, okokuqala kuba nesikhathi sokwelashwa okujulile (`Isikhathi sokuqala sokwelashwa`), bese kufanele uthathe imithi yokulawula lesi sifo (`Ukwelashwa Kokulungisa`). Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubekezela ngalokhu kwelashwa.

Ingabe kukhona izinkinga ekwelashweni?

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngama-antiviral kwe-CMV retinitis kungabangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho asabele ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-uveitis. I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala kwenye ingxenye yeso. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba iso libe bomvu, livuvuke, futhi libe buhlungu.

Enye into ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi umuthi onikezwa i-`(CMV) Retinitis` ungaba ungasebenzi (`Ukumelana nemithi`). Uma lokho kwenzeka, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-`(CMV)` ezingamelani ne-`(Ganciclovir)`, isibonelo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-`(Leflunomide)` kanye ne-`(T-lymphocyte infusion)`.

Kwenzekani uma uba ne-CMV retinitis? (Imiphumela)

Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi. Uma singalashwanga, i-CMV Retinitis ingaholela ekuboneni okuphansi ngisho nasekungaboni ngokuphelele.

Esinye isimo esibi kakhulu esingase senzeke nge-CMV retinitis ukuhlukana kwe-retinal. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-retina yakho ihlukana nezicubu eziyibamba endaweni yayo. Lesi isimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa singalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo embonweni wakho - isibonelo, ukubona amabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo akho noma ukuzwa ubuhlungu bamehlo - funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukususwa kwe-retinal kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo njalo ukuze ukwazi ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe izimpawu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale mayelana ne-`(CMV) Retinitis`:

• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngibuye ngizofika ('Ama-aphoyintimenti')?
• Ingabe kufanele ngigweme noma yikuphi ukudla, iziphuzo, noma imisebenzi?
• Ukwelapha kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Kukusiphi isimo lapho ngizodinga ukukubona ngokushesha, noma ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo?
• Yiziphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo zokungisiza ngiphile impilo ejwayelekile ngokulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​kokubona?
• Ngingakwazi yini futhi ukuhlanganyela ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo zalesi sifo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-CMV retinitis kanye ne-HIV retinopathy?

I-"Retinopathy" isifo se-retina. Kokubili i-"(CMV) Retinitis" kanye ne-"(HIV) Retinopathy" kungalimaza i-retina yakho futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa umbono. Kodwa-ke,Lezi zimo ezimbili zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane. Igciwane le-HIV lingabangela i-HIV retinopathy (ebizwa nangokuthi i-HIV microvasculopathy). Igciwane le-CMV libangela i-CMV retinitis.

Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa, imithi yokulwa namagciwane inikezwa i-`(CMV) Retinitis`. Kodwa-ke, i-`(HIV Retinopathy)` ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthaka, ungase uhlale ucabanga ngezimpawu zakho futhi ubona odokotela. Ngakho konke lokhu, ukuya kudokotela wamehlo njalo kungabonakala kuyinkinga.

Kodwa khumbula, uma uba ne-`(CMV) Retinitis`, uma usheshe uxilongwe futhi welashwe, amathuba akho okuphumelela ayanda. Njengoba izimpawu ze-`(CMV) Retinitis` zingase zingabonakali uze ulahlekelwe umbono, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo njalo.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela amehlo akho, ngoba ayimithombo yethu ebaluleke kakhulu yokubona umhlaba.

I- Cytomegalovirus, i-CMV, i-retinitis, ukutheleleka kwamehlo, amasosha omzimba, ukukhubazeka kokubona, i-HIV, i-AIDS, izifo zamehlo