Ingabe amangqamuzana akho egazi aphansi? Ake sixoxe nge-cytopenia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Noma uyagula ngaso sonke isikhathi? Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi unenani eliphansi lamaseli athile egazini lakho. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cytopenia. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli egazini lethu? Kwenzekani uma encipha?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli egazini lethu nokuthi zenzani. Njengoba nje izingxenye ezahlukene zemoto zihlangana ukuze zisebenze, zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli zibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile.

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (ama-Erythrocyte): Lawa amangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Cabanga nje, yonke ingxenye encane yomzimba wethu idinga amandla ukuze isebenze. Umoya-mpilo othwalwa yilawa mangqamuzana egazi abomvu uyasiza ekuhlinzekeni lawo mandla.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-Leukocyte): Lawa afana nonogada bomzimba. Lapho amagciwane, njengebhaktheriya, amagciwane, izimuncagazi, kanye nesikhunta, engena emzimbeni, lawa maseli amhlophe ayawalwa nawo futhi asivikele ezifweni. Yizona eziyinhloko zesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ama-Platelet (ama-Thrombocyte): Wake wazibuza ukuthi ukusikeka okuncane kungamisa kanjani ukuphuma kwegazi? Lawa ma-platelet ayasiza ngalokho. Lapho ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka, lawa ma-platelet ayahlangana ukuze akhe ihlule legazi, amise ukuphuma kwegazi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singalahlekelwa yigazi eliningi ngisho nasekusikekeni okuncane.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cytopenia?

Yebo, kunjalo. I-Cytopenia ayisona isifo esisodwa. Ihlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo zamaseli antuleka egazini lakho.

• I-anemia: Cishe uke wezwa ngalokhu. Kuyisimo lapho kunamaseli abomvu egazi ambalwa khona. Kwenzekani-ke? Inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela emzimbeni liyancipha.
• I-Leukopenia: Lokhu ukwehla kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi. Khumbula, amaseli amhlophe yiwo alwa nezifo. Ngakho-ke uma ehla, siba sengozini enkulu yokugula. Esinye isimo esihlobene nalokhu sibizwa ngokuthi i-neutropenia . Lokhu ukwehla kohlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils. Ama-neutrophils yiwona atholakala kakhulu kumaseli ethu amhlophe egazi.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Lokhu ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet, okusiza ukujiya kwegazi. Uma lokhu kuphansi, igazi alijiyi kahle. Ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela amabala amakhulu egazi, noma kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
• I-Pancytopenia: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho wonke amaseli abomvu amathathu ashiwo ngenhla, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet ehla khona kanye.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwesigaba, olusekelwe esibangweni sale cytopenia:

• I-Autoimmune Cytopenia: IzimpawuNgezinye izikhathi amasosha ethu omzimba ayaphazamiseka bese eqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu egazi aphilile. Kufana nokujikijela amatshe endlini yethu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, iseli elilodwa noma ngaphezulu legazi lingase lingabi khona.
• I-Refractory Cytopenia: Lena yingxenye yomnkantsha wethu wamathambo eyenza amangqamuzana egazi. Itholakala ngaphakathi kwamanye amathambo amakhulu, njengesiponji. Ngakho-ke, leli yigama elinikezwe isimo esenzeka lapho lomnkantsha wamathambo ungawenzi amangqamuzana egazi ngendlela evamile, okungukuthi, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi kuncipha.

Yiziphi izimpawu esizibonayo lapho la maseli egazi ehla?

Umbuzo omuhle. Ngoba akubona bonke abantu abanezimpawu. Abanye abantu bangase bangazi lutho, futhi kutholakala ngengozi kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa uma bekwazi, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwamaseli ancishisiwe, ukuthi ancishisiwe kangakanani, kanye nembangela eyinhloko.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingasebenza kuhlobo ngalunye:

Izimpawu zamaseli abomvu aphansi egazini (i-anemia):

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) kwenzeka lapho kwenziwa into enzima, njengokukhwela izitebhisi.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo.
• Isikhumba siba mhlophe futhi sibanda .
• Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nobuhlungu esifubeni .

Izimpawu zamaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi (i-leukopenia/i-neutropenia):

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele nje.
• Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda .
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (Pharyngitis)
• Izilonda zomlomo .
• Ukukhwehlela okukhulu.
• Uhudo .
• Ama -lymph node avuvukele.

Izimpawu zokubalwa kwamaplatelet aphansi (i-thrombocytopenia):

• Iqiniso lokuthi ngisho neqhubu elincane lingabangela kalula ukwakheka kwamabala egazi emzimbeni .
• Ukopha okungayeki uma uthola inxeba, noma ukopha okuhlala isikhathi eside .
• Ngezinye izikhathi kuvela amachashazi amancane abomvu noma ansomi (i-petechiae) esikhumbeni. Empeleni lokhu kuwukuphuma kwegazi okuncane ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Kungani amangqamuzana egazi ami ehla kanje? Ziyini izimbangela zalokhu?

Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cytopenia. Kalula nje, kungaba nezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye ukuthi kunenkinga ngokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi avela emnkantsheni engikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni. Noma, ngemva kokuba amangqamuzana egazi ekhiqizwe emnkantsheni futhi engezwe egazini, lawo maseli ayabhujiswa ngesizathu esithile.

Ezinye zalezi zizathu zingase zizuzwe njengefa , okungukuthi, izinto ezivela kuzakhi zofuzo. Ezinye zingase zitholakale, okuzovela kamuva .

Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-anemia:

I-anemia ivame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo.Ngoba. Ikakhulukazi ukuntuleka kwensimbi `(I-Iron-deficiency Anemia)` . Izakhamzimba ezifana nensimbi, i-vitamin B12 `(Vitamin B12)`, kanye ne-folate `(Folate)` zibalulekile ukuze umnkantsha wethu wamathambo wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo. Uma lokhu kunganele, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu azoncipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anemia ingenzeka futhi ngenxa yokopha (ngenxa yokulimala, ukuhlinzwa, njll.) kanye nezifo ezibhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

• Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo
• Izinkinga zegazi kanye nezinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo
• Umdlavuza
• Izimo zofuzo
• Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD
• Eminye imithi
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukuntuleka kwe-pyruvate kinase
• Isifo se-sickle cell
• I-Thalassemia

Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-Leukopenia/Neutropenia:

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation, kuyimbangela enkulu yamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aphansi. Lokhu kwelashwa kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa njengomphumela ongemuhle, amanye amangqamuzana anempilo (njengamangqamuzana egazi) nawo angabhujiswa.

• Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo
• Izinkinga Zegazi Nezingono Zamathambo
• Umdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Izimo zofuzo
• Izifo
• Eminye imithi
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo

Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-thrombocytopenia:

• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo, isibonelo , i-Immune Thrombocytopenia
• Izinkinga zegazi kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo, njenge -Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TPP)
• Umdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Izimo zofuzo
• Izifo
• Imithi ethile, isibonelo i-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi

Kukhona nezinhlobo ze-cytopenia lapho imbangela eqondile ingatholakali khona:

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eqondile yalezi zibalo eziphansi zamaseli egazi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lezi zimo ziwela ezigabeni ezimbili:

• I-Clonal Cytopenia yokubaluleka okunganqunywanga (CCUS) ibangelwa yi:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana egazi amaningana enofuzo olufanayo oluzuzwe njengefa ku-DNA yawo. Umuntu one-CCUS usengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithile zegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
• I-Idiopathic Cytopenia Yokubaluleka Okunganqunywanga (ICUS): Kulokhu, akukho kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okunjalo okutholakala ku-DNA yamaseli egazi.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lesi simo se-cytopenia? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala uma unezimpawu, noma uma uhlolwa igazi ngesizathu esithile. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kubizwa ngokuthi ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) . Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kakhulu. Kunikeza udokotela wakho isithombe esicacile sokuthi unamangqamuzana abomvu amangaki, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko emvelweni walawo maseli. Kunganikeza nezinkomba mayelana nezinye izifo.

Uma i-CBC ibonisa inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi, udokotela uzobe esezama ukuthola ukuthi kungani inani eliphansi liphansi kangaka. Angase enze izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze athole lokho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezenziwayo ukuthola imbangela?

• Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungaphandle: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yegazi lakho, ulibeke ku-slide yengilazi, bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ukuma nokubukeka kwamaseli kunganikeza izinkomba zokuthi yini ebangela inkinga.
• Ukuphefumula Komnkantsha Wamathambo Nokuhlolwa Kwe-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wamathambo bese eyihlola amaseli angajwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo ezinkulu njengomdlavuza noma ezinye izimo ezithinta igazi nomnkantsha wamathambo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo zelebhu ezahlukahlukene ukuthola imbangela eqondile.

Kulungile, manje yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lesi simo se-cytopenia?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni isimo sakho sibi kangakanani, ukuthi unezimpawu, nokuthi siyini imbangela eyisisekelo. Kwezinye izimo ezincane, okusho ukuthi akukho mbangela eyisisekelo futhi akukho zimpawu, akukho ukwelashwa okungadingeka .

Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka ukwelashwa, kuvame ukwenziwa ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi. Isibonelo, uma kungenxa yokushoda kokudla okunempilo, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi wenze izinguquko ekudleni kwakho noma uthathe izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo. Uma inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi libangelwa ukutheleleka, unganikezwa ama-antibiotic .

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, ukwelashwa okwandisa ngqo inani lamaseli egazi kungadingeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF):Lena imithi. Isebenza ngokwandisa ama-neutrophil akho, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. I-G-CSF ivame ukunikezwa abantu abenza i-chemotherapy ukuvimbela i-neutropenia.
• Ukumpontshelwa Igazi: Uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukuzenzela amangqamuzana awo egazi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi komunye umuntu.
• Ukufakelwa Kwe-Bone Marrow noma I-Stem Cell: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile, angavuthiwe emnkantsheni wakho bese uwafaka endaweni yawo amangqamuzana anempilo. Lawa maseli kamuva azoba amangqamuzana egazi avuthiwe futhi abuyele egazini lakho.
• Ukususwa kwe-splenectomy: Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa i-spleen yakho . Ngezinye izikhathi i-spleen ingabamba amaseli egazi futhi iwasuse egazini. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungadingeka ezimweni ezinjalo.

Ingabe kukhona esingakwenza ukuvimbela lokhu kukhula kwe-cytopenia?

Eqinisweni, ezinye izimbangela, isibonelo, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izifo zegazi kanye nomongo wamathambo, kanye nomdlavuza, kunzima ukuzivimbela. Ziyizinto ezenzeka ngaphezu kwamandla ethu.

Kodwa-ke, singanciphisa ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile ze-cytopenia ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imizimba yethu ithola izakhamzimba ezidingayo ukuze yakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo. Isibonelo, ukuthola insimbi eyanele ekudleni kwakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi .

Kubalulekile futhi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala , njengoba utshwala bungaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca izakhamzimba. Lokhu kungaholela nasekuncipheni kwamaseli egazi. Uma ukuphuza utshwala sekuphelile, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwegazi kungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, siyini isibikezelo sokululama kulesi simo? (Isibikezelo)

Ukubikezela kwakho, noma umbono wakho, kuncike ngokuphelele embangeni yokubala kwakho amangqamuzana egazi aphansi. Isibonelo, uma i-anemia ibangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ingelapheka ngokuphelele uma yelashwa kahle nangokudla okufanele. Uma inani lamangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi liphansi ngenxa yebhaktheriya noma igciwane, ukwelapha ukutheleleka kungasiza inani lamangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi libuyele esimeni esijwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-cytopenia ibangelwa yisimo sofuzo, isifo segazi noma somnkantsha, noma umdlavuza, kungadinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu . Udokotela wakho kungadingeka aqaphe inani lamaseli egazi lakho futhi enze izivivinyo njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala uphilile.

Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi angakanani amathuba okululama esimweni sakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma uthola ukuthi unalesi simo, kuyinto evamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi. Ungesabi. Buza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto ngokucacile:

• "Luhlobo luni lwe-cytopenia enginalo?"
• "Yini ebangela inani lamaseli egazi ami eliphansi?"
• "Ngiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?"
• "Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yalezi zindlela zokwelapha?"
• "Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi inani lamaseli egazi lami libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile?"
• "Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola ukwelashwa? Kudingeka ngize kangaki ukuzohlolwa?"
• "Ingabe isimo sami singalapheka ngokuphelele?"

Ingabe i-cytopenia iwukuntula igazi ngempela?

Lena futhi indawo lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. I-anemia uhlobo olulodwa nje lwesimo ngaphansi kwegama elihlanganisa i-cytopenia . I-anemia ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi (ama-erythrocyte). Kungabangelwa futhi ukwehla kweprotheni i-hemoglobin kumaseli abomvu egazi. Le hemoglobin yilokho okusiza ukuthwala umoya-mpilo.

I-Cytopenia yigama elijwayelekile lokwehla kweseli elilodwa noma ngaphezulu legazi . Lihlanganisa i-anemia (ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi), i-leukopenia (ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi), i-neutropenia (ukwehla kwama-neutrophils), i-thrombocytopenia (ukwehla kwama-platelet), kanye ne-pancytopenia (ukwehla kuwo wonke lawa maseli).

Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukuthi unezinga eliphansi leseli lakho elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba wethuke. Kuye ngembangela, ungase udinge ukwelashwa noma ungakudingi. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukweluleka ngalokhu.

Okokugcina, ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu nge-cytopenia manje. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Cytopenia ukwehla kwenani leseli elibomvu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, amaseli amhlophe, noma ama-platelet egazini lakho.
• Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu; kusukela ekuntuleni ukudla okunempilo, kuya ezifweni, ezifweni zofuzo, umdlavuza, ngisho nemithi ethile.
• Izimpawu azifiki kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo . Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Ukukhathala, ukugula njalo, kanye nokulunywa okulula kuvamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula (i-CBC) kungakuthola lokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela.
• Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela kanye nobunzima besimo. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ngezinye izikhathi imbangela eyisisekelo iyelashwa, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile ezandisa inani lamaseli egazi.
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cytopenia zingavinjelwa , ikakhulukazi ngokudla ukudla okunempilo nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho . Ungesabi noma wenze izinqumo ngokwakho.

Khumbula, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimo ukuze sikwazi ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi siphile impilo enempilo.

i- cytopenia, amaseli egazi, i-anemia, i-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia, umongo wamathambo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi