Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa izinyembezi ziphuma emehlweni akho ngaphandle kwesizathu, futhi uzizwa umanzi nxazonke zamehlo akho? Kungase kudingeke uzisule ngethishu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kuyacasula ngempela. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kungaba ukuthi uhlelo oluthambile lwepayipi oluthwala izinyembezi ezikhiqizwe emehlweni akho ziye ekhaleni lakho, olubizwa ngokuthi i-tear duct, luvaliwe. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okuyisisombululo esingcono kakhulu salokhu.
Kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-DCR?
Kalula nje, i-dacryocystorhinostomy, noma i-DCR ngamafuphi, inqubo edala indlela entsha yokuthi izinyembezi zakho zigeleze uma zivinjiwe.
Ngokuvamile, izinyembezi ezikhiqizwe emehlweni ethu zingena ngezimbobo ezincane ezisemakhoneni amehlo, zidlule esikhwameni sezinyembezi, bese zigeleza ziye ekhaleni. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi lapho sikhala, noma lapho okuthile kungena emehlweni ethu bese kuphuma izinyembezi, umfudlana woketshezi nawo uphuma ekhaleni lethu. Lesi yisizathu salokhu. Ngakho-ke uma lo msele wezinyembezi uvaliwe ndawana thize, izinyembezi azinandawo yokuya futhi ziqale ukugcwala emehlweni. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokugcina amehlo emanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izifo ezinkulu zingavela.
Lesi simo singabonakala ezinganeni ezincane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65.
Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuba wena noma ingane yakho nihlinzwe lokhu, kuzodingeka nibone uchwepheshe. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela ohlinzayo wezindlebe, impumulo nomphimbo (ENT). Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abavela emnyangweni ofanayo benza ukuhlinzwa ndawonye.
Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela kahle ngokuhlinzwa futhi uzophinde akuyalele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze abone ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele yini ukuhlinzwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wezinzwa uzokhuluma nawe, njengoba lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.
Uma usuku lokuhlinzwa selubekiwe, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Imithi oyithathayo: Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi udinga ukuyeka yini ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi uma kunjalo, kanjani.
- Ukugcina isikhumba sihlanzekile: Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, ungase welulekwe ukuthi ugeze ubuso bakho ngensipho ekhethekile ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuzila Ukudla: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uyeke ukudla nokuphuza amahora amangaki ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kufanele ukusebenzise ngaleso sikhathi. Ngoba uma kukhona ukudla esiswini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uma uhlanza futhi lezo zinto zingena emaphashini, kungabangela isimo esibi esingasongela ngisho nokuphila (`i-aspiration pneumonia`).
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Njengoba ukuhlinzwa kuqala, kuzofakwa i-IV line, noma i-saline tube, emthanjeni ongalweni yakho. Lokhu kuzokunika i-anesthesia kanye noketshezi. Uzobe usufakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia futhi ulale ngokuphelele.
Udokotela angenza lokhu kuhlinzwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngokwenza i-incision ngaphandle kwekhala (ngaphandle) noma ngaphakathi kwekhala (i-endonasal).
| Indlela Yokuhlinzwa | Kwenzekani (Inqubo) |
|---|---|
| I-DCR yangaphandle | Udokotela uzokwenza ukusika okuncane kakhulu esikhumbeni phakathi kwekhala lakho neso. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzokwenziwa imbobo encane ethanjeni elihlukanisa umsele wokukhala nekhala. Ngale mbobo, kuzofakwa ipayipi elincane (i-stent) emseleni wokukhala, elinye icala liqondiswe ekhaleni. Leli payipi lizovimbela indlela esanda kwenziwa ukuthi ingavaleki futhi. Ukusika kuzobe sekuvalwa ngezitishi. |
| I-Endonasal DCR | Kule ndlela, akukho ukusikwa okubonakalayo. Udokotela ufaka idivayisi efakwe ikhamera ebizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope ekhaleni bese enza ukusikwa ngaphakathi kwekhala. Ngalo, uya endaweni lapho kukhona khona isikhwama sezinyembezi bese enza imbobo ethanjeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa ipayipi elincane ngembobo ekhoneni leso, lilethwe ngaphakathi kwekhala ngembobo esanda kwenziwa, bese lilungiswa. Kulesi simo, into efana negwebu ingasetshenziswa ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi. |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Ngokuvamile, ngokuhlinzwa kokuqala, indlela yangaphandle ingathatha cishe imizuzu engama-45-50, kanti indlela yangaphakathi kwempumulo ingathatha cishe imizuzu engama-30. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi singahluka.
Ziyini izinzuzo zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi ungasusa ngokuphelele isimo esicasulayo sokuklebhula amehlo akho njalo. Futhi:
- Umbono uba sobala.
- Ingozi yokutheleleka okuzungeze amehlo iyancipha.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi zombili lezi zindlela zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lempumelelo.Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kakhulu lifinyelela ku-85% - 99%.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi nezinkinga zokuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezincane. Kukhona nezinkinga ezithile eziqondene nalokhu kuhlinzwa.
| Uhlobo lwengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izingozi ezivamile | Ubuhlungu, ukopha, ukutheleleka. |
| Izingozi ezithile | Izicubu zezibazi zingakheka futhi zibangele ukuvaleka okusha, i-stent ingakhululeka, noma uma isuswa ngaphandle, inxeba lingaphinde livuleke noma kungakheka isibazi. |
| Inkinga enkulu kodwa engavamile kakhulu | Ukuvuza kwe-Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Yilapho uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho luphuma ekhaleni. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka, kuzodingeka olunye ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe. |
Udokotela wakho uzochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ongase ubhekane nazo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuvame ukuba inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela. Uzoqashwa amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuvuka ekuhlinzweni kokubulala izinzwa bese uthunyelwa ekhaya. Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu kanye nama-antibiotic. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha le mithi njengoba nje uyalelwe.
Uzocelwa ukuthi ubuye uzohlolwa cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Inxeba lizohlolwa bese kususwa noma yiziphi izinto zokubopha ezisetshenziselwa ukuvimba ukopha. Uma kwenziwe i-incision ngaphandle, izithungo nazo zizosuswa ngalesi sikhathi.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Kungathatha amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, njengoba imbobo eyenzeke ethanjeni ithatha isikhathi ukuphulukiswa.
Kukhona into eyodwa okungafanele uyenze ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho. Lokho kuwukuphehla ikhala lakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi inxeba livuleke futhi ipayipi lihambe. Kufanele ugweme ukuphehla ikhala lakho okungenani isonto lonke. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngezinye izinto okufanele uzigweme.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha:
- Uma uthola umkhuhlane.
- Uma indawo yokuhlinzwa izwakala ivuvukile futhi ishisa.
- Uma inxeba liqhubeka nokopha noma ubomvu buphuma, noma uma ukopha kwekhala kungayeki.
- Uma izinyembezi ziqala ukugeleza futhi.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa esikhundleni se-DCR?
Yebo, kunezinye izinketho eziningana udokotela wakho angase aziphakamise esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kwe-DCR:
- Ukuqaphela: Uma ukungakhululeki kwakho kungekubi kakhulu, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa.
- Imithi: Kwezinye izimo, ungazama ukulawula lesi simo ngezinto ezifana nama-antibiotic kanye namaconsi amehlo e-steroid.
- Ukufakwa kwepayipi: Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ipayipi elincane lifakwa emgudwini wezinyembezi wemvelo bese lishiywa endaweni yalo cishe izinyanga ezi-3-6 ukuze kubonakale ukuthi liyayixazulula yini inkinga.
- Okunye ukuhlinzwa: Kunezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa ezikhethekile ezenziwa kulabo abangazange bahlinzwe ngempumelelo nge-DCR.
Ukuhlala uklebhula amehlo kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa i-DCR iyisisombululo esiphephile nesisebenzayo sale nkinga. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enale nkinga, bheka udokotela wamehlo ukuze uthole iseluleko. Uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe futhi akunikeze isiqondiso esidingekayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-DCR iwukuhlinzwa okuphumelele kakhulu okwenziwa ukwelapha izimo lapho izinyembezi zihlala zigeleza emehlweni ngenxa yemibhobho yezinyembezi evalekile.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko (ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwekhala). Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Kuzothatha isikhathi ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela, ikakhulukazi iseluleko sokungakhali kakhulu.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, njengomkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, noma ukopha ngokweqile, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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