Cabanga nje, umuntu omaziyo, noma umuntu odlulayo, ngokuzumayo ulahlekelwa ingqondo awe phansi. Akaphefumuli, akazizwa ngisho nenhliziyo yakhe ishaya... Namuhla sikhuluma ngedivayisi emangalisayo engasindisa impilo esimweni esiphuthumayo kangaka, impi phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Nakuba abantu abaningi beyibonile kumamuvi, bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngempela. Lena yi-defibrillator.
Kalula nje, iyini i-defibrillator?
I-defibrillator iyithuluzi lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo esiyingozi, esingajwayelekile ngokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi okulawulwayo enhliziyweni. Ngokuqondile, imisa okwesikhashana umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi iyinike ithuba lokuqala isigqi esifanele futhi.
Lokhu kuyadingeka kakhulu ezimweni lapho kunezigqi ezimbili zenhliziyo ezingavamile (ama-arrhythmia) ezenzeka emakamelweni aphansi enhliziyo, ama-ventricle, futhi ezingasongela impilo ngokushesha.
1. I-Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) (uma kungekho ukushaya kwenhliziyo) - inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa ayisebenzi kahle.
2. I-Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) - Lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ifinyela ngokungajwayelekile futhi ngaphandle kokuxhumana, njengokungathi iyathuthumela. Kulesi simo, inhliziyo ayipompi igazi liye emzimbeni nhlobo.
Zombili lezi zimo zingaholela ekumisweni kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya khona ngokuphelele.
Ubani odinga le divayisi?
Lokhu singakubona ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yileyo esetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezibhedlela nasezindaweni zomphakathi njengezikhumulo zezindiza kanye nezitolo ezinkulu. Enye yimishini enikezwa iziguli ezisengozini enkulu yokushaya kwenhliziyo okusongela ukuphila ukuze ziyisebenzisele zona.
Cabanga nje, uma umuntu eba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngokuzumayo, umzuzwana ngamunye odlulayo kuze kufike i-ambulensi noma lowo muntu eyiswa esibhedlela ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi , i-AED (Automated External Defibrillator) endaweni yomphakathi inethuba elikhulu lokusindisa impilo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-defibrillator omuntu siqu. Ukushaqeka kukagesi okuvela kulezi ngezinye izikhathi kungazwakala kungabonwa, noma kungazwakala njengokushaywa kanzima esifubeni.
| Uhlobo lwemishini | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Cardioverter Defibrillator Egqokwayo (i-WCD) | Lena idivayisi egqokwa ngaphansi kwezingubo njengevesti. Izinzwa ezixhunywe esikhumbeni zihlala ziqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kutholakala isigqi esiyingozi, ngokuzenzakalela ibangela ukushaqeka kukagesi. |
| I-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) | Lena idivayisi encane efakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Ifana ne-pacemaker. Kodwa okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi ayilawuli nje kuphela ukushaya kwenhliziyo uma yehlisa ijubane, kodwa futhi ibona isigqi esisheshayo esisongela impilo futhi inikeze ukushaqeka kukagesi ukubuyisela inhliziyo esimweni esijwayelekile. |
Isebenza kanjani i-defibrillator?
Uma umuntu ewa ngokuzumayo equlekile, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukushayela ucingo ku-1990 ngokushesha bese wazisa isevisi ye-ambulensi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma uqeqeshwe, kufanele uqale i-CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) . I-CPR ingasiza ekugcineni ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho kuze kube yilapho kutholakala i-defibrillator.
Uma usuthole i-defibrillator (ikakhulukazi i-AED), nansi indlela yokuyisebenzisa:
1. Vula idivayisi: Uma nje ucindezela inkinobho kuma-AED amaningi, iyavuleka futhi inikeze imiyalelo yezwi ecacile yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
2. Ukuhlanganisa Amaphedi: Amaphedi amabili anamathelayo axhunywe emshinini kufanele asuswe ezingutsheni zesiguli bese enamathiselwa esifubeni esingenalutho. Elinye kufanele linamathiselwe ngaphansi kwehlombe lesokudla kanti elinye lingaphansi kwengono yesobunxele. Izindawo lapho amaphedi kufanele anamathiselwe khona ziboniswe kumdwebo kumaphedi ngokwawo.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwesigqi: Ngemva kokufaka iphedi, umshini uzohlaziya ngokuzenzakalelayo isigqi senhliziyo. Akukhuthazwa ukuthinta isiguli ngalesi sikhathi. Umshini uzonikeza isixwayiso esinjengokuthi "Ukuhlaziya isigqi senhliziyo, ungathinti isiguli".
4. Ukuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi: Uma umshini unquma ukuthi kudingeka ukushaqeka kukagesi, ushaja ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi unikeze isignali yokuletha ukushaqeka. Ngokuvamile, uyalwa ukuba ucindezele inkinobho enkulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ngaphambi kokucindezela inkinobho yokushaqeka, memeza uthi "Wonke umuntu uhlanzekile!" bese uqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukuthi akekho othinta isiguli noma umbhede esikuwo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singase sishonelwe ugesi.
Lokhu kushaqeka kukagesi kubangela ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo ime okwesikhashana, okuvumela umshini wenhliziyo wemvelo ukuthi uphinde ulawule futhi uqale isigqi esijwayelekile.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokushaqeka?
Ngemva kokwenza i-shock, kufanele uqale i-CPR ngokushesha imizuzu emibili. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho kufanele uhlole khona ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula. Uma isigqi senhliziyo singakabuyiselwa, amaqembu ezokwelapha angase anikeze ama-shock engeziwe kanye nemithi efana ne -epinephrine noma i-amiodarone .
Kwezinye izimo, isiguli singase sihlale singazi lutho ngisho nangemva kokuba ukushaya kwenhliziyo sekubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-hypothermia yokwelapha ingenziwa esibhedlela ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho.
Izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye nokululama
| Ingxenye | Okufanele ukwazi |
|---|---|
| Izinzuzo | Uma kusetshenziswa i-defibrillator ukuze kusebenze isigqi senhliziyo esifanele (VF/VT) futhi ngesikhathi esifanele (ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10), amathuba okusindisa impilo makhulu kakhulu. |
| Izingozi | Uma kusetshenziswa i-defibrillator ku-rhythm yenhliziyo engajwayelekile, ingabangela isigqi senhliziyo esiyingozi (i-ventricular fibrillation) futhi ibangele inhliziyo ukuthi ime. Ama-AED aklanyelwe ukuqeda le ngozi. Ngoba idivayisi ngokwayo ihlaziya isigqi bese inquma ukuthi ukushaqeka kuyadingeka noma cha. |
| Ukululama | Ukululama ekumisweni kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yenhliziyo kuwuhambo olude olungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka. Kungase kube nezinkinga ezifana nokukhathala, ukulimala kwezimbambo okungenzeka ngesikhathi se-CPR, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba. Ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kungadingeka. |
Bona udokotela wakho.
Uma unedivayisi ye-ICD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle. Ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kushintshwe ibhethri njalo eminyakeni emi-5-7. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi udokotela wakho ayikunikezile. Uma unenkinga, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-defibrillator iyithuluzi elibalulekile elisindisa impilo uma kwenzeka inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla.
- Ama-AED ezindaweni zomphakathi angasetshenziswa kalula ngisho nangumuntu ongaqeqeshiwe ngokulandela imiyalelo yezwi.
- Gwema ukuthinta isiguli noma umbhede esikuwo lapho sisebenzisa ugesi. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuphepha esibaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unedivayisi ye-ICD efakiwe, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uxhumana nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe njalo.
- Uma ubona umuntu ewa ngokuzumayo, isinyathelo sakho sokuqala kufanele kube ukushayela ucingo ku-1990 ngokushesha bese ubiza isevisi ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo.
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