Uma unesifo sikashukela, cishe uyazi ukuthi udinga ukunakekela amehlo akho ngokukhethekile. Kodwa kungani usho kanjalo? Isifo sikashukela singalimaza kanjani amehlo akho? Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-diabetic retinopathy . Lena enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Kuyini i-Diabetic Retinopathy?
Kalula nje, lesi yisimo esithinta amehlo ngenxa yesifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kwamehlo ethu kukhona ulwelwesi olubucayi kakhulu nolubalulekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Kufana nefilimu ekhamera. Yilapho ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni esizibonayo kuguqulwa khona kube izithombe. Ngakho-ke ukuze igcine le retina iphilile, inemithambo yegazi ebucayi kakhulu eyinikeza igazi.
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angalawuleki isikhathi eside, le mithambo yegazi emincane iyalimala. Iyavuvukala, ivuza uketshezi noma igazi, noma ivaleke ngokuphelele. Lesi yisimo esisibiza ngokuthi i-diabetic retinopathy.
Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta womabili amehlo. Uma kungelashwa kahle, i-retina ingaba nezibazi, ilahlekelwe umbono kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni iholele ekubeni yimpumputhe ngokuphelele . Lesi simo siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulahlekelwa umbono kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?
Singakhuluma ngalesi sifo ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: isigaba sokuqala kanye nesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi esenzeka lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu.
Isigaba sokuqala (I-Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - NPDR)
Lesi yisigaba sokuqala salesi sifo. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi uketshezi noma igazi elincane liphuma emithanjeni yegazi emincane e-retina engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi i-retina ivuvuke. Ngezinye izikhathi le mithambo yegazi ivuvuke futhi yakhe amaqhubu amancane afana nebhaluni (ama-microaneurysms).
Kuleli qophelo, ungase ungawuboni umehluko omkhulu embonweni wakho. Umbono wakho ungase ungabonakali kahle. Kodwa esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinguquko zitholwa okokuqala ngudokotela wakho wamehlo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo kwaminyaka yonke.
Isimo esinzima noma esiyinkimbinkimbi (i-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - PDR)
Lesi yisigaba esiyingozi kakhulu salesi sifo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi lapho imithambo yegazi emidala ivalekile, imithambo yegazi emisha, kodwa engajwayelekile, ebuthakathaka iqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kweso. Ngenxa yokuthi le mithambo yegazi emisha ayakheki kahle, iba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi iqhuma kalula.
Uma lokhu kuqhuma, igazi livuza lingene entweni efana nejeli ngaphakathi esweni (i-vitreous humor). Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuncane, ungase ubone amachashazi amancane amnyama noma izinto ezifana nentambo zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho (ama-floaters).Ungabona. Kodwa uma ukopha kukhulu, ungalahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuphelele ngokuzumayo.
Izicubu zezibazi zakheka zizungeze le mithambo yegazi emisha. Uma lesi zicubu zezibazi sincipha, singabangela ukuthi i-retina isuke ngemuva kweso (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal) . Le mithambo yegazi engavamile ingandisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-glaucoma .
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?
Abantu abaningi bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo. Yingakho kuyingozi kangaka. Kodwa njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu, ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Umbono ofiphele.
- Ukubona kuyacaca, bese kushintshashintsha njengokungathi kufiphele futhi.
- Ama-floater ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama noma imicu entanta phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukubona izikhala noma amabala amnyama phakathi nendawo yokubona kwakho.
- Ukungakwazi ukubona imibala kahle.
- Ukubona kabi ebusuku.
- Ubunzima bokufunda izincwadi nokubona kude.
- Mhlawumbe umuzwa wobuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka emehlweni.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Into eyinhloko ukuthi uma unesifo sikashukela, kungaba uhlobo 1, uhlobo 2, noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa , usengozini yokuthola lesi simo. Uma unesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside, kulapho ingozi yakho iba nkulu khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici nazo zandisa ingozi:
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi
- Ukukhulelwa
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Isifo sezinso
- Izakhi zofuzo
| Ukuxilongwa | Ukwelashwa |
|---|---|
| Udokotela wakho wamehlo angasithola lesi simo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Uzovula imbobo bese ebheka ngaphakathi kweso. | Indlela yokwelapha iyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sesifo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko. |
| Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Fluorescein Angiogram kungakhomba indawo eqondile lapho kuvuza khona emithanjeni yegazi. | Imijovo ye-Anti-VEGF: Kufakwa umjovo okhethekile esweni. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile. (Isibonelo: i-Aflibercept, i-Bevacizumab, i-Ranibizumab) |
| Iskeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) sihlola ukujiya kwe-retina nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini uketshezi olunqwabelene. | Ukuhlinzwa Nge-Laser: Imisebe ye-laser isetshenziselwa "ukuvala" imithambo yegazi evuzayo. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy: Uma igazi lingena ngaphakathi kweso futhi libangele ukulahlekelwa umbono, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kususwe igazi. |
Singazivikela kanjani kulesi simo esiyingozi?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uzivikele kulesi sifo.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Gcina ushukela wegazi lakho kanye nomfutho wegazi wakho kulawulwa. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze wenze lokhu. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe.
- Ngokuqinisekile: Bona udokotela wamehlo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu. Uma kutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulondolozeni umbono wakho.
- Uma ungumama okhulelwe: Uma ungumama okhulelwe onesifo sikashukela, qiniseka ukuthi uhlolwa amehlo zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kwenza lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu.
- Ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol: Lawula amazinga e-cholesterol egazini.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Khumbula, lesi sifo singase singalapheki ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, ungasivimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu futhi ulondoloze umbono wakho oyigugu .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela yisifo esithinta ngqo amehlo, ngakho-ke nakekela amehlo akho njalo.
- Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ongasithatha ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho (isib. ukubona okufiphele, amabala amnyama), ungakushayi indiva. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavikela umbono wakho oyigugu wokuphila.
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