Ingabe ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ingabe inenkinga yokuncelisa? Ingabe inenkinga yokuphefumula? Lokhu kungaba ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zesimo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kuvamile ukuthi umama noma ubaba esaba kakhulu uma ebona into efana nale. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo senhliziyo esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele siqashelwe. Leso yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Double Inlet Left Ventricle.
Kuyini i-Double Inlet Left Ventricle (DILV)?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuyisifo senhliziyo esingavamile esizalwa naso esiba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa. Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi inhliziyo enempilo isebenza kanjani.
Cabanga nje ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane. Kunamakamelo amabili phezulu namakamelo amabili phansi.
- Amakamelo amabili aphezulu (i-Atria): Yilapho igazi elivela emzimbeni lingena khona futhi liqoqeke khona. Igumbi langakwesokudla (i-Atrium Yangakwesokudla) lithola igazi "elingcolile" elisetshenziswe ngumzimba futhi linomoya-mpilo ophansi. Igumbi langakwesokunxele (i-Atrium Yangakwesokunxele) lithola igazi "elihlanzekile" eligcwele umoya-mpilo ovela emaphashini.
- Amakamelo amabili angezansi (ama-ventricle): Lawa amaphampu amabili ayinhloko enhliziyweni. I-ventricle yesokudla ipompa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo. I-ventricle yesokudla ipompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini liye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Manje, bheka okwenzekayo enhliziyweni yengane ene-Double Inlet Left Ventricle (DILV). Kulezi zingane, igumbi elilodwa eliphansi (i-ventricle) elisebenza kahle. Lelo yi-ventricle yesobunxele . I-ventricle yesokudla ivame ukuba yincane kakhulu ukuba isebenze.
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi igazi elivela emakamelweni amabili aphezulu (i-atria yesokudla nesobunxele) lihlangana ekamelweni elingaphansi elisebenzayo kuphela (i-Left Ventricle). Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kanye negazi elinomoya-mpilo liyahlangana . Bese leli gazi elixubile liphampulwa liye emzimbeni nasemaphashini engane. Yingakho kuvela izinkinga eziningi.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Njengomama, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lezi zinto.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezindebe (i-Cyanosis) | Isikhumba somntwana, izindebe, kanye nezinzipho zakhe zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elijikeleza emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kungenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "umntwana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka." |
| Ukondla kabi | Uma umntwana emunca ubisi, uzizwa ekhathele futhi enenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngakho uphuza kancane bese eyeka. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ingane iphefumula ngokushesha. Kungase kubonakale sengathi ingena esifubeni. |
| Ukungakhuli isisindo | Ingane ngeke ikhuluphale kahle ngoba ayikwazi ukuthola amandla anele ngokuphuza ubisi olwanele. |
| Ukujuluka | Ikakhulukazi uma uphuza ubisi, ujuluka ebunzini lakho ngoba inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile | Inhliziyo ingase ishaye ngokushesha noma ibe nesigqi esingajwayelekile. Udokotela angase ezwe umsindo owengeziwe (ukububula kwenhliziyo) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela yalokhu?
Imbangela eqondile yalokhu ayaziwa okwamanje . Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa, lapho inhliziyo yengane ikhula. Akulona iphutha likamama noma likababa.
Ngokuvamile, i-DILV ihambisana nezinye izinkinga eziningana zenhliziyo, eziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Ukuhlangana kwe-Aorta: Ukuncipha komthambo wegazi oyinhloko (i-aorta) othwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni.
- I-Pulmonary atresia: I-valve yamaphaphu ethwala igazi emaphashini ayakheki kahle.
- I-pulmonary valve stenosis: Ukuncipha kwevalvu ethwala igazi emaphashini.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuxilonga lesi sifo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungatholakala ngesikhathi ingane isesesibelethweni. Uma udokotela wakho ethola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni ngesikhathi sokuskena kwakho okuvamile (i-ultrasound), uzokudlulisela kuskeni ekhethekile. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Fetal Echocardiogram . Lokhu kunganikeza ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo yengane.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane
Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sitholakala ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pulse Oximetry: Lokhu kuhlolwa manje kwenziwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa cishe kuzo zonke izibhedlela eSri Lanka. Lokhu kulinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lomntwana. Uma izinga lomoya-mpilo liphansi, kungaba uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Uma udokotela ezwa umsindo ongavamile (ukububula) lapho elalele inhliziyo yengane, noma uma isikhumba siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, angase abe nokungabaza.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| I-X-ray yesifuba | I-X-ray yesifuba. Lokhu kunganikeza umbono ngobukhulu benhliziyo kanye nenani legazi eligeleza emaphashini. |
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) | Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Kungabona izinkinga ngesigqi senhliziyo. |
| I-Echocardiogram (i-Echo) | Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu. Kufana nokuskena. Singabona ngokucacile amakamelo enhliziyo, ama-valve, kanye nendlela igazi eligeleza ngayo. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okulinganisa ukucindezeleka kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo ngokudlulisa ipayipi elincane kakhulu emthanjeni wegazi embotsheni yomntwana. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Lesi simo asikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele ngemithi. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa.Lokhu akudali amakamelo amabili enhliziyweni yomntwana. Kunalokho, kusebenzisa i-ventricle eyodwa ekhona ukwenza igazi ligeleze emzimbeni ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lokhu akusikho ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa kanye kuphela. Lolu chungechunge lokuhlinzwa lwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, kuye ngokuthi ingane ineminyaka emingaki.
| Izigaba zokuhlinzwa | Ubudala (cishe) | Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba sokuqala: I-Blalock-Taussig (BT) Shunt | Ezinsukwini zokuqala noma emavikini ngemva kokuzalwa | Uma ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele emaphashini, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elincane (i-shunt) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele emaphashini. |
| Isigaba sesibili: Inqubo ye-Glenn Shunt | Izinyanga ezi-4 - 6 | Igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela emzimbeni ongaphezulu womntwana liqondiswa ngqo emaphashini, lidlule inhliziyo. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi enhliziyweni. |
| Isigaba Sesithathu: Inqubo yeFontan | Iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 | Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kokugcina. Igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela emzimbeni ongezansi nalo lixhunywe ngqo emaphashini. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, ukuxubana kwegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo nelingenawo umoya-mpilo cishe kuyaphela ngokuphelele. |
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, udokotela angase futhi anikeze ingane imithi ethile.
- I-Digoxin: Iqinisa ukufinyela kwenhliziyo.
- Ama-ACE inhibitors: Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
- Ama-anticoagulant: Avimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
- Ama-diuretics: Susa amanzi angadingekile emzimbeni.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenzeki, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kufakwe inhliziyo .
Ikusasa lizosiphathelani? Singaba nethemba?
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi wesabe uma uzwa ngesifo esinjengalesi. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyazi ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, lezi zingane manje sezinethuba lokuphila impilo engcono kakhulu . Izinga lokusinda iminyaka eyi-10 ngemva kokuhlinzwa liphezulu lifinyelela ku-70% - 80%. Izingane eziningi zize zifinyelele ebudaleni.
Kodwa lezi zingane zidinga ukubhekwa impilo yazo yonke ngudokotela wenhliziyo . Kubalulekile ukuya emitholampilo futhi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi. Kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile.
- Izinzipho zezinyawo ezikhule ngaphakathi kanye neminwe ekhulisiwe (ukugoba).
- Izifo ezivame ukwenzeka emaphashini njenge-pneumonia.
- Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
Futhi, lezi zingane zingase zibe nemingcele ethile ekugijimeni, ekugxumeni, nasekudlaleni njengezinye izingane. Konke lokhu kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho futhi kunqunywe nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Double Inlet Left Ventricle (DILV) iyisifo senhliziyo esingavamile, esibi, kodwa esingelapheka, esizalwa naso.
- Uma isikhumba somntwana wakho osanda kuzalwa siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), sinenkinga yokuncelisa, noma sinenkinga yokuphefumula, ungalibali bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kuhilela uchungechunge lokuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana kuye ngobudala bomntwana.
- Nakuba lolu hambo luyinselele, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezesayensi yezokwelapha, iningi lalaba bantwana manje lingaphila baze babe abantu abadala.
- Ukuqapha impilo yonke kanye nokulandelwa okufanele ngudokotela wenhliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
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