Ingabe ingane yakho inesifo sohlangothi? (Isifo Sohlangothi Sabantwana) Ungakhathazeki, ake siqaphele lokhu!

Sonke sizwile ukuthi abantu abadala bangaba nesifo sohlangothi . Kodwa bewazi ukuthi, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, izingane zethu ezincane, kusukela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, nazo zingaba nalesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Pediatric Stroke . Ngisho noma ukhathazekile kancane uma uzwa lokhu, ungakhathazeki. Uma unolwazi olufanele ngalokhu, ungenza izinto ezidingekayo ngokushesha.

Kuyini i-Stroke yezingane?

Kalula nje, isifo sohlangothi yisimo esenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho bethu kuphazamiseka. Kufana nalokho okwenzekayo lapho isifudumezi sethu samanzi siphelelwa amanzi. Ubuchopho buthola umoya -mpilo walo egazini. Ngakho-ke uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuyeka, amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukufa. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila.

Lokhu kungenzeka kubantu abadala kanye nasezinganeni. Sikubiza ngokuthi ' i-Pediatric Stroke ' uma kwenzeka enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene:

• Ukushaywa yisisu: Ezinye izingane zizalwa zinalesi simo.
• Lokho okwenzeka ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-28 zokuphila: Okusho ukuthi, lokho okwenzeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Bese kuba yilezo ezenzeka kuze kube yilapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-18: lezi yizinto esizibiza ngokuthi 'ukushaywa yisifo sobuntwana'.

Izimbangela zivame ukuba yizifo zenhliziyo, izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa izingozi ezinciphisa umoya-mpilo ebuchosheni, noma yizimo ezithile zokuzalwa nazo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-polio?

Njengabantu abadala, izingane zethu zingabhekana nezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka:

• Isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni uqhuma futhi wopha igazi. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi eliqhumayo namanzi avuzayo.
• I-Ischemic stroke: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni, livimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Kufana nocezu lwenhlabathi oluvimba ipayipi lamanzi.
• Ukuhlaselwa Kwe-Ischemic Yesikhashana (i-TIA): Lokhu kufana 'nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi esincane'. Ihlule legazi linamathela emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni isikhashana, bese liyaphuma bese ukugeleza kwegazi kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Izimpawu zihlala isikhashana bese ziyanyamalala. Kodwa futhi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sesixwayiso sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi okukhulu.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Eqinisweni, isifo sohlangothi ezinganeni asivamile kakhulu . Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwethuka ngokungadingekile. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lesi simo senzeka kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-100,000 abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 njalo ngonyaka. Cishe oyedwa kwabayi-3,500 abasanda kuzalwa angaba nesifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokubeletha . Kodwa kunzima ukunikeza inani eliqondile, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukusixilonga.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-polio? Zingabonakala kanjani?

Ezinye zezimpawu abantu abadala abazizwayo lapho benesifo sohlangothi zingavela nakubantu abasebasha. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Kushintsha ngokuzumayo ukuziphatha noma ukucabanga .
• Izinguquko zokuzwa nokubona ziyenzeka.
• Ukuzizwa noma ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (i-Hemiparesis) .
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda amagama (i-Aphasia) .
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) .
• Uma uhamba, kuzwakala sengathi uyanyakaza uye kolunye uhlangothi futhi uhamba ngokunganaki (ataxia) .

Cabanga nje, uma ingane yakho ivele ikhulume kabi ngemva kokudlala, noma izizwa sengathi ayikwazi ukunyakaza ingalo noma umlenze... Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, izingane ezincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezincane ezingakakwazi ukukhuluma kahle, zingase zingabonisi lezi zimpawu ezisobala. Kunalokho, zingase zibone izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuquleka. Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu lokukhubazeka ezinganeni ezincane.
• Ngiphethwe yikhanda elibi.
• Ukuhlanza, isicanucanu.
• Ukukhathala njalo kanye nokulala.
• Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Lezi zimpawu zingaba khona nakwezinye izifo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukucabanga ngokushesha ukuthi yisifo sohlangothi. Kodwa uma ubona into efana nale, ikakhulukazi uma izwakala sengathi iyaguga, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Kungani izingane ezincane zikhubazeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Isifo sohlangothi sivame ukwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kuphazamiseka. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi (ischemic stroke) noma ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ngaphakathi ebuchosheni (hemorrhagic stroke) .

Kunezizathu eziningana eziqondile zokuthi kungani lesi simo senzeka ezinganeni ezincane:

• Ukukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni: Isibonelo , isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) . Kulesi simo, imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iyaphithana, okwenza kube lula ukuthi iqhume futhi yophe igazi. Lezi zivame ukuba yizimo zokuzalwa.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Ezinye izingane zizalwa zinezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo. Lezi zimo zenhliziyo zingandisa nengozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
• Izifo ezihlobene negazi: Isibonelo , izingane ezinesifo esibizwa ngokuthi iSickle Cell Disease zinamathuba amaningi okuthola amahlule egazi. Futhi, izifo ezivimbela igazi ukuthi lingaqhekeki kalula (isib. iHemophilia ) nazo zingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka?

Ezinye izingane zingase zibe sengozini enkulu kancane yokuba nokukhubazeka kunabanye. Lezi zici eziyingozi zifaka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias) .
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso(Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso).
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (i-cerebral hypoxia) .
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ukukhuluphala kusho ukuba mkhulu kakhulu.
• Izimo lapho igazi lijiya kalula (i-Thrombophilia) noma izimo lapho igazi lingajiyi kalula (i-Hemophilia) .
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda noma entanyeni (Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu - i-TBI) .
• Le ngozi iphakeme kancane ezinganeni ezinezimo ezithile zofuzo, isibonelo , i-Down syndrome .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokukhubazeka?

Ezimweni eziningi, iningi lezingane ezinesifo sohlangothi ziyalulama ngokuphelele. Lezo yizindaba ezinhle ngempela. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekile yisifo sohlangothi, ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinguquko ezihlala njalo.

• Isibonelo, kungase kube nobuthakathaka obuqhubekayo endleleni esicabanga nesikhuluma ngayo .
• Kungase kube nobuthakathaka obuqhubekayo ohlangothini lomzimba oluthintekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka.
• Izinguquko ezihlala njalo embonweni nazo zingase zenzeke.
• Futhi, izingane ezike zaba nesifo sohlangothi zisengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokuwa kamuva ekuphileni.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi uhlanganyele ngokufanele ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela.

Ihlolwa kanjani i-polio? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Eqinisweni, ukuhlonza ukukhubazeka ezinganeni ezincane ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima kancane . Ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimpawu azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke ezinye izingane zingase zingatholi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bayaqaphela lapho bebona ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengane, bese becabanga ukuthi, 'O, le ngane kungenzeka ukuthi yayike yaba nokukhubazeka ngaphambili.'

Ukuze ahlole, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zengane yakho. Bese ehlola ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zekhanda ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha ebuchosheni noma ukuthi ihlule legazi lonakalise ingxenye yobuchopho. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.
• I-CT angiogram: Lokhu kuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi enhliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi kanye nasebuchosheni.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olubucayi kakhulu lokuxilonga isifo sohlangothi. I-MRI ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone isakhiwo sobuchopho kanye nemithambo yegazi ngokucacile.
• I-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram): Lokhu kubheka nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo eziyinhloko, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela yokukhubazeka kanye nokubheka ezinye izinkinga (ikakhulukazi ukuquleka) ezingase zenzeke:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kuhlola isakhiwo senhliziyo yengane.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram):Lolu vivinyo lwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingane inesifo sokuwa yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinkinga zegazi ezifana nesifo se-sickle cell noma ezinye izimo ezithinta ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona isifo sofuzo esiyimbangela yokukhubazeka.

Iphathwa kanjani i-infantile paresis?

Ukukhubazeka komzimba kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela impilo. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane ibonisa izimpawu zokukhubazeka komzimba, kufanele iyiswe ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha, noma kufanele ishayele u-1990. Isikhathi sokuqala ukwelashwa sibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokukhubazeka:

• Uma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukugoba kwegazi (ischemic stroke): Odokotela bavame ukunikeza imithi (i-thrombolytics) yokuncibilikisa i-blood clot, noma ngezinye izikhathi basusa i-blood clot ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thrombectomy bese bebuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Uma une-stroke ebangelwa ukopha ebuchosheni (i-hemorrhagic stroke): Kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kumiswe ukopha.

Zonke izibhedlela zinenqubo ethile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Stroke Protocol , elandelwayo yesifo sohlangothi sabantwana. Lena yindlela isifo esitholakala ngayo futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko, odokotela bangasebenzisa eminye imithi:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala kwegazi .
• Uma ingane inesifo sokuwa, izonikezwa imithi yokuvimbela ukuwa ukuze ikulawule.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? Kunjani ukululama?

Ingane ngayinye ilulama ngendlela ehlukile futhi isikhathi esithathayo sihlukile. Ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ingane cishe kuzodingeka iye ohlelweni lokuvuselela isifo sohlangothi lwezingane . Kuye ngezimpawu zengane, ingathola ukwelashwa eqenjini lochwepheshe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Udokotela wezinzwa wezingane .
• Udokotela wenhliziyo wezingane .
• Udokotela ogxile ezifweni zegazi, umnkantsha, kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic (Pediatric hematologist) .
• Udokotela wezinzwa wezingane .
• Udokotela wezokwelapha ngokomzimba - Vivinya uhlangothi oluthintekile lomzimba.
• Isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP) – sisiza ngokukhuluma nokugwinya.
• Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha emsebenzini - Zijwayeze ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa.

Angakanani amathuba okusinda ku-polio?

Njengoba abacwaningi nge-polio yasebuntwaneni bethole, uma ukuxilongwa isikhathi eside, kulapho umthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni yezempilo.Izingane eziningi ezike zaba nesifo sohlangothi esibangelwa yi-ischemic ziyasinda. Kodwa-ke, zingase zibe sengozini yokuba nesifo sohlangothi esinye, ikakhulukazi uma zinesifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.

Ingabe i-polio ingavinjelwa?

I-cerebral palsy ingenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye ziyizimo zokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke ayikho indlela esingazivimbela ngayo ezinye izimo zokuzalwa. Uma ingane yakho inesimo sezokwelapha, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso bese uthola iseluleko sendlela yokugcina ingane yakho iphilile.

Uma ingane yakho inezimo ezifana ne -Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) , isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso , noma i-Sickle Cell Disease , odokotela bazokwelapha lezo zimo. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yesifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo. Ezinye izingane zingadinga nokuhlolwa njalo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zisengozini enkulu yini yesifo sohlangothi.

Ingabe ikhona ingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingaba nesifo sohlangothi (isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi okwenzeka lapho izalwa noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Izimo ezithile umama anazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nazo zingandisa ingozi yengane. Izibonelo:

• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa .
• I-Preeclampsia yisimo somfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-membrane ngaphambi kwesikhathi .

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokukhubazeka kwengane yami?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi yengane yakho yokuthola isifo sohlangothi. Ezinye izingane zinikezwa imithi yokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, okungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingane yakho ilulama ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Nikeza yonke imithi njengoba uyalelwe. Ingane:

• Udinga ukuzivocavoca kahle futhi uhlale umatasa.
• Udinga ukudla ukudla okunomsoco (ukulawula ingozi ye-cholesterol ephezulu nesifo sikashukela).
• Udinga ukulala ngokwanele.

Kufanele uyiyise nini ingane yakho kudokotela? Kufanele uye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ?

Ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ingane yakho ingadinga ukwelashwa yithimba lochwepheshe. Qiniseka ukuthi uyiyisa kuzo zonke izikhathi zokubonana nodokotela. Uma unenkinga ngempilo noma intuthuko yengane yakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubona izimpawu ezintsha, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 noma uyiyise esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Isifo sohlangothi siyisimo esiphuthumayo. Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengane yakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngokwalokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle i- Pediatric Stroke . Khumbula, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Kodwa, uma kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

• Izimpawu zokukhubazeka ezinganeni ezincane zingahluka kwezabantu abadala. Qaphela kakhulu izinto ezifana nokuquleka, izinguquko ezisheshayo ekuziphatheni, kanye nobuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba .
• Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-1990.
• Uma ingane yakho inezici eziyingozi, njengesifo senhliziyo noma izifo ezihlobene negazi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
• Ungesabi. Ukuqwashisa kungamandla amakhulu. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenzela ingane yakho ukuqaphela lezi zinto.

` Isifo Sokushaywa Yisifo Sezingane, Ukukhubazeka, Isifo Sokushaywa Yisifo Senhliziyo, Izifo Zezingane, Ukopha Ebuchosheni, Amahlule Egazi, Izinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa, Impilo Yengane