Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokulawula impilo yakho ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa? (Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa - SUD) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa, noma ingabe uyamazi umuntu ocabanga kanjalo, ukuthi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, mhlawumbe utshwala, ugwayi, noma esinye isidakamizwa, sekudlulele kakhulu? Okwaqala njengokumnandi kancane, kodwa manje sekuyinto edingekayo futhi konke okunye empilweni yakho sekuphazamisekile? Uma kunjalo, le ndaba izoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ` Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (SUD)`.

Iyini le nkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (i-SUD)?

Kalula nje, isifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo lapho ukusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa kuba nzima kakhulu kangangokuthi kuphazamisa impilo yakho, impilo kanye nobudlelwano. Kwakubizwa nangokuthi "ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa" esikhathini esidlule.

Cabanga ngakho, uma sisebenzisa le mithi, imisebenzi yobuchopho bethu iyashintsha kancane kancane. Le mithi ikhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(Dopamine)` ebuchosheni bethu. Le `(Dopamine)` yiyona esenza sizizwe sijabule futhi sihle. Kodwa-ke, lapho umphumela wesidakamizwa uphela, leyo njabulo nayo iyanyamalala. Khona-ke ubuchopho nomzimba bafuna ukuthola lowo muzwa "omuhle" futhi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubi kangakanani empilweni yakho, leso sidingo siyaqhubeka. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yakho yengqondo, ebuhlotsheni bomndeni, emfundweni, nasemsebenzini. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungaba yingozi ngisho nasekuphileni.

Lesi simo (i-SUD) singathinta umuntu ngamunye ngamazinga ahlukene. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane , abanye izimpawu ezilinganiselwe , kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi, khumbula ukuthi lesi yisimo esingelapheka , futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola usizo uma usukulungele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD)?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engabangela lesi simo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala (`Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala`).
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusebenzisa i-cocaine ('isifo sokusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine').
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwensangu (`Isifo sokusetshenziswa kwensangu`).
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi (`Inkinga yokusebenzisa ugwayi`).
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-methamphetamine (njengeqhwa) (`i-Methamphetamine use disorder`).
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwama-opioid (ama-painkiller afana ne-heroin ne-morphine) ('i-opioid use disorder').

Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angaba umlutha wezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kanye notshwala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Polysubstance use disorder".

Eqinisweni, njengasemazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, olunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-"SUD" ezibonakala ezweni lethu yizinkinga ezihlobene notshwala.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu zesifo sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi owusebenzisayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu:

1. Ukudakwa: Lena imiphumela esheshayo neyesikhashana yokusebenzisa umuthi. Kungafaka phakathi ukozela, ukozela, ukujabula ngokweqile, kanye nemizwa enamandla. Kungathinta nokwahlulela kwakho, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokusebenza komzimba nengqondo.

2. Izimpawu zokuhoxa: Lezi yizimpawu ezenzeka njengoba imiphumela yesikhashana yomuthi iphela futhi umuthi uphuma kancane kancane emzimbeni. Lezi zivame ukungajabulisi. Zingafaka phakathi isicanucanu nokuhlanza, uhudo, ukujuluka, ukuqwasha, ukudikiza kwemisipha, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa.

Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD)?

Ngokusho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``(SUD)'' zingafaka:

• Ukuthatha imithi (ikakhulukazi imithi kadokotela) ngaphezu kwenani elibekiwe noma isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esibekiwe.
• Isifiso esinamandla noma isifiso sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Ukwehluleka kwemizamo yokunciphisa noma yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
• Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi uthola, usebenzisa, noma ululama emiphumeleni yezidakamizwa.
• Ubunzima bokufeza imithwalo yemfanelo emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa naphezu kwezinkinga zobudlelwano.
• Ukuyeka imisebenzi yezenhlalo, yobungcweti, noma yokuzijabulisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe , naphezu kokwazi ukuthi kungaba yingozi kuwe.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa naphezu kokuba nenkinga yomzimba noma yengqondo engase ibangelwe noma yenziwe ibe yimbi kakhulu yizidakamizwa.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokubekezelelana (okudinga ukwandisa inani lomuthi ukuze uthole umphumela ofanayo - `ukubekezelelana`).
• Ukubona izimpawu zokuhoxa , ezidambisa ukuphuza umuthi omningi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kungani lezi zinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) zenzeka?

Imbangela eqondile yalokhu ayikakaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uhlobo lokulutha lwezidakamizwa lungase lubangelwe izinguquko "ohlelweni lomvuzo" lobuchopho bakho. Kalula nje, ubuchopho bujwayela injabulo yesikhashana enikezwa yizidakamizwa, bese buyifisa.

Lesi sifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) sikhula kanjani?

Izifundo zithole ukuthi izici eziningi zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo "(SUD)". Isibonelo:

• Ingcindezi yomphakathi: Ithonya elivela kubangani, ukutshelwa ukuthi "uzame kancane" emaphathini nasemicimbini.
• Ilukuluku: Isifiso sokwazi ukuthi kunjani ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza: Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi benze kangcono emsebenzini noma bafundele izivivinyo.
• Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka: Ukuzama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwesikhashana, ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba, kanye nokucindezeleka.

Iphethini evame ukuholela esimweni esithi `(SUD)` ingase ibukeke kanje:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola (noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kadokotela): Ukuzama umuthi okokuqala noma ukusebenzisa umuthi njengoba kunqunywe udokotela.

2. Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile: Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengasezindaweni zomphakathi, lapho uchitha isikhathi nabangani, noma ukusebenzisa imithi ngendlela engeyona enqunywe udokotela.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu: Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa njalo, cishe nsuku zonke, noma njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

4. Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD): Isimo lapho umuntu esebenzisa khona izidakamizwa nsuku zonke noma izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Asikho isikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Lesi yisibonelo nje, ngoba lesi simo singahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, futhi nobunzima baso buyahlukahluka.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (i-SUD)?

Lesi simo singathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, uhlanga, ubulili, noma isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma usuvele unesinye isimo sempilo yengqondo (isib. ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka).
• Uma othile emndenini wakho (isihlobo sakho semvelo) enesifo '(SUD)'.
• Uma uke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi ebuntwaneni.
• Uma kukhona ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo (ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kungabangela ukuthi ama-SUD enzeke kaningi).
• Ukuchayeka ezidakamizweni noma ukuzithola kalula .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simo?

Inkinga evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi ye-SUD ukudlula ngokweqile . Ukudlula ngokweqile kwenzeka uma uphuza umuthi omningi kakhulu. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha!

Imithi ehlukene ithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Isibonelo, uma uphuza i-opioid ngokweqile, ithinta ingxenye yobuchopho bakho elawula ukuphefumula. Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ukuphefumula kwakho kungancipha, kume, futhi kuholele ngisho nasekufeni.

Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingaba khona nge-SUD, futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani kanye nohlobo lomuthi osetshenziswayo. Izinkinga ezivamile zifaka:

• Umdlavuza .
• Ukucindezeleka .
• Ukutheleleka (isb. `(Isibindi B)`, `(Isibindi C)` kanye `(Igciwane lesandulela ngculazi)`).
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Izinselele zemfundo noma zomsebenzi .
• Ubunzima ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabantu .
• Ukuziphatha okungaphephile, okungekho emthethweni, noma okuyingozi .

Itholakala kanjani le nkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (i-SUD)?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okutholakalayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo. Kunalokho, odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokuziphatha kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ukuze babone ukuthi zingakanani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezisemzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Udokotela uzobuza nangomlando wakho wempilo yengqondo, njengoba kuvamile ukuthi i-SUD ihlale ikhona nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Ngokusho kwencwadi ye-American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), ukuze umuntu atholakale enesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-SUD", kumele okungenani abe nezimpawu ezimbili ezibalwe esigabeni sezimpawu zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-12 .

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi simo singaba namazinga ahlukene obunzima:

• Uma kunezimpawu ezimbili noma ezintathu , kuyisimo esincane `(SUD)`.
• Uma kunezimpawu ezine noma ezinhlanu , kuyisimo esimaphakathi `(SUD)`.
• Uma kunezimpawu eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu , kuyisimo esibi kakhulu se-`(SUD)`.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha i-SUD ukuphathwa kokuhoxa . Lokhu kuhilela ukuyeka umuthi nokuwuvumela ukuthi uphume emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-detox. Kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani, udokotela angase akunikeze umuthi wokunciphisa imiphumela yezimpawu zokuhoxa, okungaba nzima kakhulu, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-'Detox', ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukwelulekwa Nokwelashwa .
• Imithi .

Ukwelashwa kwe-SUD kuhlukile kakhulu . Ungadinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene ohambweni lwakho lokululama. Kunezindawo ezahlukene zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zokwelapha zokuhlala nezokungenwa esibhedlela, imiphakathi yokwelapha yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside.

Ukwelapha

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezingasiza ekwelapheni i-SUD kanye nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezingase zihambisane. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ze-SUD kubantu abadala zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa Komphakathi Oziqinisayo (ACT):Lena indlela yokunakekelwa kwempilo yengqondo esekelwe emphakathini, kunokuba kube yindawo yokwelapha noma yokwelapha esibhedlela. Yenzelwe wena uqobo. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luhlelwe ngokwezikhwepha zakho, izidingo zakho, kanye nemigomo yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ubone ukuziphatha kwakho okuyinkinga kanye nezindlela zokucabanga. Ungazibekela imigomo yokubhekana nezinkinga ngendlela enempilo.
• Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo: Lokhu kwelashwa kukukhuthaza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo yakho. Uma ufinyelela umgomo, uthola umvuzo.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokukhuluma (i-DBT): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yokukhuluma, efana ne-CBT. Kukusiza ukuthi ulawule imizwa enamandla futhi uqonde ukuthi imicabango yakho ithinta kanjani ukuziphatha kwakho.
• Ukwelashwa komndeni: Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano kanye nokuziphatha emndenini noma eqenjini.
• Ukwelashwa kokuthuthukisa ugqozi: Lokhu kukukhuthaza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo efinyelelekayo. Umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uzokukhuthaza ukuthi usebenzele ukufeza leyo migomo.
• Imiphakathi yokwelapha (ama-TC): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yokuhlala yesikhathi eside esiza abantu ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha, ezinempilo kanye nokuziphatha okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene.

Ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini okuzisiza njenge-Narcotics Anonymous nakho kungadlala indima ekwelapheni i-SUD. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza abantu ukuthi bashintshe ukuziphatha kwabo ngokuzisiza kanye nokusekelana kontanga. Ukwelashwa ngamaqembu kusiza abantu abane-SUD ukuthi bahlale bengaphuzile futhi bagweme izidakamizwa.

Odokotela bangase batuse lokhu kwelashwa kodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nemithi.

Imithi esetshenziselwa le njongo

Imithi ingasiza ekwelapheni ezinye izimo ze-SUD ngokushintsha i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Ingasiza futhi ekunciphiseni izifiso kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezisizwa yimithi ezivunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yilezi:

• Ngemithi yokwelapha ama-opioid: `(Methadone)`, `(Buprenorphine)` kanye `(Naltrexone)`.
• Ngotshwala: `(Naltrexone)`, `(Acamprosate)` kanye `(Disulfiram)`.
• Ngogwayi: ama-patches e-nicotine, i-nasal spray, i-chewing gum noma ama-lozenges; `(Bupropion)` noma `(Varenicline)`.

Ingabe lezi zinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) zingavinjelwa?

Akuwona wonke amacala e-SUD angavinjelwa, njengoba kunezici eziningi ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi simo (eziningi zazo ezingaphezu kwamandla akho). Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Ngokuhlinzeka ngemfundo ezikoleni, emiphakathini, kanye nasemindenini, kunganciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa okokuqala noma ukusebenzisa kabi umuthi kadokotela. Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela i-SUD zifaka:

• Landela iziqondiso eziku-prescription yakho ngqo. Ungathathi ngaphezu kwenani elibekiwe. Isibonelo, izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid zingaqala ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu nje zokusetshenziswa kabi.
• Ungalokothi wabelane ngemithi yakho kadokotela nanoma ubani omunye noma uthengise imithi yakho. Njalo yigcine endaweni ephephile kude nezingane.
• Uma unemithi esele kadokotela (njenge-opioids) ekupheleni kokwelashwa, thola uhlelo lokuqoqa imithi olusekelwe emphakathini noma uhlelo lokubuyisela imithi ekhemisi ngeposi ukuze uyilahle ngokuphephile .

Ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa iyanda ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka kanye noshintsho empilweni. Kumuntu omdala, izinto ezifana nesehlukaniso, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, noma ukufa komuntu omthandayo zingandisa ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Kumntwana omncane, izinto ezifana nokuthutha, isehlukaniso somndeni, noma ukushintsha isikole zingandisa ingozi. Ngezikhathi zoshintsho olufana nalezi, kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nazo, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla, noma ukufunda umdlalo omusha. Uma unenkinga yokulawula ukucindezeleka, bheka umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Ukubikezela kwalesi simo kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Uhlobo kanye nobukhali be-`(SUD)`.
• Izinga lokuzibophezela ekwelashweni nasekululameni.
• Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo .
• Ubhekana kanjani nokucindezeleka?

Ukuluthwa izidakamizwa kuyisifo esihlala isikhathi eside . Kodwa-ke, ukululama kungenzeka nakanjani . Abantu abahlukene bathola impumelelo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abantu abaningi bathola impumelelo ngamaqembu okusekela afana ne-Narcotics Anonymous kanye nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukubuyela emuva kwesidakamizwa kuvame kakhulu ku-SUD. Ukubuyela emuva kwenzeka lapho uyeka umuthi isikhathi esithile bese uqala ukuwusebenzisa futhi. Bese kufanele ukhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni bese uqala kabusha umjikelezo wokwelashwa. Lokhu kungaba inqubo ekucindezelayo. Ungabuyela emuva eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokusebenzisa umuthi okokugcina. Uma usengozini yokubuyela emuva, kungaba usizo kakhulu ukuba nohlelo oluqinile lokusekela ongaluthemba.

Udokotela wakho kufanele abukeze uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njalo. Kuvamile ukuthi imigomo yakho noma indlela yakho yokuphila ishintshe. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungadingeka uzame ukwelashwa okuhlukile noma umuthi omusha. Udokotela angakusiza wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo kukho konke ukuphila kwakho.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma okwamanje usebenzisa umuthi njalo futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi sekuba umkhuba ongeke ukwazi ukuwuyeka wedwa, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela . Ungathola nesiqondiso kudokotela mayelana nendlela yokukhuluma nezingane zakho nge-SUD nokuthi ungazisiza kanjani uma zicabanga ukuthi zisengozini.

Isifo Sokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) siyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sempilo yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa zishintsha indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo, kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma ngabe ufuna. Kodwa-ke, akukubi ukucela usizo uma uludinga, noma kungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ukuzenza.

Ekugcineni, kufanele uthi...

Ukwelashwa kuyinselele. Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni akumnandi. Ukwelashwa kuyakhathaza ngokomzwelo. Kodwa ukululama kuyakufanelekela. Njengoba uqala uhambo lwakho lokwelashwa, ungase ufune ukwesekwa kumngane omethembayo noma ilungu lomndeni. Isikhuthazo sabo singaba yisisusa osidingayo ukuze ukhulume nodokotela.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SUD iyisifo esingamahlalakhona, ungase udinge ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo impilo yakho yonke. Khumbula, ithimba lakho lokunakekela linawe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela. Akudingeki ukuthi udlule kulolu hambo wedwa. Cela usizo, bese ululama.

Izidakamizwa , umlutha, impilo yengqondo, utshwala, ugwayi, ukwelashwa, ukululama