Ake sifunde ngamaseli egazi amhlophe ngendlela elula? Abavikeli abancane bomzimba wakho!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi uma ugula, uma unomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, kuba ngcono kanjani ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Sinebutho elincane kodwa elinamandla kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Lawo masosha abizwa ngokuthi ama-White Blood Cells , noma ama-WBC ngamafuphi. Lawa yiwo asivikela emagciwaneni abangela izifo angena emizimbeni yethu. Kufana nebutho elincane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu!

Ayini amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi? Avelaphi ngempela?

Kalula nje, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi awuhlobo olukhethekile lweseli egazini lethu. Ubuwazi ukuthi igazi lethu libomvu? Isizathu salowo mbala obomvu ukuthi ubomvu kungenxa yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kodwa akukhona nje kuphela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi egazini, kukhona nalawa maseli amhlophe egazi. Abizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana egazi "amhlophe" ngoba awanombala. Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa engxenyeni ethambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu, okungukuthi, emnkantsheni wamathambo . Cabanga ngomnkantshe njengefektri eyenza lawa maseli amhlophe egazi. Ukusuka lapho, akhiqizwa futhi anezelwe egazini, futhi ahamba emzimbeni wonke, njengokungathi aqashwe yiwo. Kwenzani? Lokhu kulungiselela ukubamba igciwane noma into ebangela izifo uma ingena emzimbeni ndawana thile.

Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba. Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luyindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba esivikela ezifweni .

Kungani la maseli amhlophe egazi ebaluleke kangaka kithi?

Amaseli amhlophe egazi ayingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba wethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusivikela ezifweni.

• Ilwa namagciwane : Uma amagciwane anjengamabhaktheriya , amagciwane kanye nesikhunta engena emizimbeni yethu, lawa maseli amhlophe egazi yiwo aqala ukuwahlasela. Abhubhisa lawo magciwane futhi avimbele ukusabalala kokutheleleka .
• Kusiza amanxeba ukuba aphulukise: Uma kwenzeka inxeba, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aya endaweni ukuze avimbele amagciwane ukuthi angangeni, asuse amangqamuzana alimele, futhi asize amangqamuzana amasha akhule.
• Isebenza ngokumelene namaseli omdlavuza : Ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi zingabona futhi zibhubhise amaseli angajwayelekile emzimbeni wethu, ngisho namaseli omdlavuza.
• Isusa amangqamuzana afile: Lawa asiza ukugcina umzimba uhlanzekile ngokususa amangqamuzana afile nezinto ezingadingekile.

Cabanga nje, njengoba nje kukhona ibutho lokuvikela izwe, la maseli amhlophe egazi ayibutho elivikela imizimba yethu. Uma lelo butho liba buthakathaka, izitha ezivela ngaphandle, okungukuthi, amagciwane, zingahlasela imizimba yethu kalula.

Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli amhlophe egazi?

Yebo, kunjalo. Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli kanye nezinhlaka ezahlukene ebuthweni, amaseli amhlophe egazi awawona wonke uhlobo olufanayo lwamaseli. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize okufanele luwenze. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Ake sibheke uhlobo ngalunye ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

1. Ama-neutrophils: Iqembu lokuqala lamasosha angene empini ngokushesha!

Lezi yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zamaseli amhlophe egazini lethu. Zakha phakathi kuka-50% no-70% wenani lonke lamaseli amhlophe egazini. Zifana nebutho eliphendula ngokushesha . Lapho umzimba uhlaselwa amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta, into yokuqala efika endaweni yesehlakalo yi-neutrophil. Zenzani lapho zifika? Zigwinya amagciwane, ziwagwinye, bese ziwabhubhisa . Sibiza le nqubo ngokuthi i-phagocytosis . Kufana nesihlanzi esincane se-vacuum esimunca amagciwane.

2. Ama-lymphocyte: Amasosha ahlakaniphile anenkumbulo!

Lawa yiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ama-lymphocyte asebenza njengobuhlakani kanye namandla akhethekile esimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngamaqembu amathathu:

• Ama-B-Cell: Lawa yiwo enza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Ama-antibodies afana nezihluthulelo. Kukhona i-antibody ethile ehambisana negciwane ngalinye. Lawa ma-antibodies anamathela kumagciwane, awavale, noma awabeke uphawu ukuze amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akwazi ukuwabhubhisa kalula. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-B-Cell anenkumbulo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma igciwane elike laba khona libuya, lingayibona ngokushesha futhi lenze ama-antibodies ahambisana nalo ngokushesha. Imijovo isebenza ngalesi simiso.
• Ama-T-Cell: Lawa yiwo aqonda ngqo empini. Aqaphela futhi abhubhise izinto ezifana namaseli ethu atheleleke ngamagciwane, amaseli omdlavuza, nokunye. Ama-T-cell nawo asiza ukulawula nokuvuselela amanye amaseli ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
• Amaseli Okubulala Emvelo (Amaseli e-NK): Njengoba igama lisho, lawa angababulali abazalwa nawo. Angabhubhisa ngqo amaseli atheleleke ngegciwane kanye namaseli omdlavuza ngaphandle kokutholwa kusengaphambili.

3. Ama-monocyte: Abahlanzi abakhulu kanye nezithunywa!

Lawa uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi . Uma esuka egazini aye ezicutshini, aba ama-macrophage . Igama elithi "Macrophage" lisho "amaseli agwinya amakhulu." Njengama-neutrophil, agwinya futhi ahlanze amagciwane, amaseli afile, kanye neminye imfucumfucu. Kodwa futhi athwala umyalezo kwamanye amaseli omzimba, njenge-lymphocytes, athi, "Nansi isitha."Kuyenzeka. Okusho ukuthi, kusiza ekuqaliseni impendulo yomzimba.

4. Ama-Eosinophil: Amelana nezibungu kanye nokungezwani komzimba!

Lezi zisebenza kakhulu ezifweni ezibangelwa yizilokazane , okungukuthi, ezifweni ezifana nezikelemu. Zingabulala izilokazane ngokukhipha izinto ezinobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lama-eosinophil liyakhula ekuphenduleni kwe-allergy . Ziphinde zibe nomthelela ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma.

5. Ama-Basophil: Izimpawu Zesixwayiso!

Ama-Basophil ayiwo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi amaningi kakhulu. Kodwa umsebenzi wawo nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukungezwani komzimba, akhipha amakhemikhali afana ne -histamine . I-Histamine yiyona ebangela izimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa, ukulunywa, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu empeleni kuyisibonakaliso emzimbeni sokuthi kukhona "ingozi." Aphinde akhiphe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-heparin , evimbela igazi ukuthi lingaqini. Manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi awawona nje amasosha, kodwa yiqembu lochwepheshe abanamakhono ahlukene abasizanayo.

Sazi kanjani ukuthi inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi lethu lijwayelekile?

Asikwazi ukubona lokhu ngokubuka nje. Ukuze wazi inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Ngokuvamile, odokotela batusa ukubalwa kwegazi okugcwele (FBC) , noma njengoba abanye bekubiza kanjalo, ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC) . Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma inani lakho konke okusegazini, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Ngokuvamile, umuntu omdala onempilo unamaseli amhlophe egazi aphakathi kuka-4,000 no-11,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingahluka kancane kusuka elabhorethri kuya kwelebhu, kuye ngobudala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangokwesikhathi sosuku. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwazi amanani aqondile embikweni wakho, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Kwenzekani uma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi likhuphuka (i-leukocytosis)? Ingabe kuyingozi?

Uma inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi likhuphuka ngaphezu kokuvamile, sikubiza ngokuthi i-leukocytosis . Ungakhathazeki uma uzwa lokhu. Esikhathini esiningi, ukwanda kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba wethu ulwa nokuthile. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela. Uma isela lingena endlini yakho, ushayela amaphoyisa. Ingabe iphoyisa elilodwa liyeza? Cha, ambalwa ayafika. Ngokufanayo, lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni, amabutho okuzivikela omzimba, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, akhiqiza amaningi futhi awathumele empini. Kunezizathu eziningana ezingaba khona zokwanda kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi:

• Ukutheleleka: Lena imbangela evame kakhulu. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayanda ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Isibonelo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, noma i-pneumonia .
• Ukuvuvukala:Esimweni lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu endaweni ethile emzimbeni (isib. isifo samathambo), amaseli amhlophe egazi anganda.
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo: Ungamangali, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, noma ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo kungandisa okwesikhashana inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• Imithi ethile: Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa imithi efana ne -corticosteroids .
• Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo bavame ukuba nenani elikhulu lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.
• Ukungezwani komzimba: Kunganda uma kwenzeka ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza: I-leukemia umdlavuza wamaseli akhiqiza amaseli amhlophe egazi. Kulesi simo, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi liyanda ngendlela engavamile. Kodwa-ke, ungesabi ukuthi njalo lapho amaseli akho amhlophe egazi ekhula, kuba yi-leukemia. Udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuthola imbangela.

Okubalulekile: Uma ubona ukwanda kwenani lamaseli akho amhlophe egazi, kungumsebenzi kadokotela ukuthola imbangela eqondile. Ngakho-ke, ungazami ukuzixilonga.

Ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi lehla (i-Leukopenia)?

Uma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi liphansi kunejwayelekile, silibiza ngokuthi i-Leukopenia . Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lamasosha emizimbeni yethu alungele ukulwa nezifo liphansi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, amasosha ethu omzimba abuthakathaka , futhi amathuba okuthola izifo aphezulu. Kunjengokungathi ibutho lezwe lethu lincane kakhulu. Khona-ke, izitha ezivela ngaphandle zingangena kalula ezweni futhi zibangele umonakalo, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo, lapho inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi liphansi, amagciwane angangena kalula emizimbeni yethu futhi abangele izifo. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani amaseli amhlophe egazi angaba phansi:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amanye amagciwane (isib. umkhuhlane, udenga) anganciphisa okwesikhashana umsebenzi womnkantsha wamathambo futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.
• Izinkinga Zomnkantsha Wamathambo: Izifo lapho umnkantsha wamathambo ungakwazi khona ukwenza amaseli ngendlela efanele (isb., i-aplastic anemia) noma izimo lapho umnkantsha wamathambo wonakala khona.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kungalimaza hhayi amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, kodwa futhi namangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha (njengamaseli amhlophe egazi).
• Izifo Ezizimele: Kulezi zifo, amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu. Ngezinye izikhathi, angahlasela namangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (isib. i-lupus).
• Ukutheleleka Okukhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi, ekuthelelekeni okubi kakhulu (isb. , i-sepsis ), inani elikhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi lingabhujiswa futhi linciphe ngokushesha kunokuba lingakhiqizwa.
• Eminye imithi:Kungabangelwa futhi yizinto ezifana nezinhlobo ezithile zama-antibiotic kanye neminye imithi yokwelapha isifo sengqondo.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali: Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezifana ne-vitamin B12, i-folate, kanye nethusi, ikakhulukazi, kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Umuntu onamaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi angase abe nomkhuhlane njalo, izifo, kanye nokuphola kancane kwamanxeba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana namaseli amhlophe egazi?

Ngokuvamile, uma ungenazo izimpawu, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngamaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uma uthola izifo ezivame ukutheleleka: Uma uqhubeka nokuthola izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu.
• Uma unomkhuhlane oqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Uma une-lymph nodes evuvukele ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho.
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa inani elingavamile lamaseli amhlophe egazi , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze uxoxe ngakho.

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingaba yinto evamile kwezinye izifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ungazitholi izifo ngokusekelwe kulokho okufunda ku-inthanethi. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko nokwelashwa okufanele.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi ephilile?

Njengoba amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi eyingxenye yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba, izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukuze sigcine isimiso sethu sokuzivikela somzimba siqinile nazo zinhle empilweni yamangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okuhle okuhlanganisa imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu, kanye namaprotheni (inhlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, ubisi, amantongomane). Amavithamini namaminerali avela kulokhu abalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye nomsebenzi wawo.
• Lala ngokwanele: Ukulala kahle ebusuku amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kungenza buthaka amasosha omzimba. Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukuzivocavoca ngokujuluka okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesonto kusiza ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba wakho.
• Nakekela ukuhlanzeka: Ukugeza izandla njalo nokudla ukudla okuhlanzekile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni.
• Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
• Thola Ukugonywa Ngesikhathi: Ukugonywa kungavikela ezifweni ezithile ezinkulu.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungasiza amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi ukuthi enze umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele.

Yini ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele siyithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Ngamazwi alula, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Amaseli amhlophe egazi angamasosha okuzivikela emizimbeni yethu. Ngaphandle kwawo, asikwazi ukulwa nezifo.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-FBC/CBC) kunganquma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• Ukwanda (i-leukocytosis) noma ukwehla (i-leukopenia) enanini lamaseli amhlophe egazi kungabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zivamile, kanti ezinye ziyinto okufanele ikhathazeke ngayo.
• Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile noma ushintsho ekuhlolweni kwegazi , qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha .
• Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo kungagcina amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi, futhi ngawo, wonke amasosha omzimba wakho, eqinile.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usuyazi manje lezi ziqaphi ezincane, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Kungumthwalo wakho ukuzinakekela kahle! Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi, Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi, I-WBC, Ukungavikeleki Emzimbeni, Ukutheleleka, I-Leukocytosis, I-Leukopenia