Une-hemoglobin ephansi? Uzizwa ubuthakathaka? Ake sifunde ngezimbangela, izimpawu, kanye namakhambi ngendlela elula!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe uzizwa ubuthakathaka ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kancane? Mhlawumbe uzizwa unesizungu noma isikhumba sakho sibukeka simhlophe? Esinye sezizathu zalezi zimpawu kungaba ukwehla kwezinga le -hemoglobin emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, iyini le- hemoglobin ? Kwenzekani uma yehla? Kungani yehla? Yini engenziwa ngakho? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula namuhla.

🤔 Iyini le hemoglobin? Kungani kuthiwa iyehla?

I-Hemoglobin namaseli egazi abomvu

Cabanga ngamaseli abomvu egazini lethu njengamaloli amancane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wala maloli ukuqoqa umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese uwuyisa kuwo wonke amanye amaseli emzimbeni. Lo moya-mpilo ubalulekile ukuze amaseli ethu asebenze futhi akhiqize amandla.

Ngakho-ke, iphrotheni ekhethekile ethwala umoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwala maseli abomvu egazi ibizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin . I-hemoglobin iqukethe insimbi , futhi ama-molecule omoya-mpilo anamathela kuleyo nsimbi. Le hemoglobin yilokho okunikeza amaseli abomvu egazi umbala wawo obomvu.

Kwenzekani uma i-hemoglobin incipha?

Uma ngesizathu esithile inani lamaseli abomvu egazi akhiqizwa emzimbeni wakho lehla, noma uma inani le-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli abomvu egazi lehla, inani lomoya-mpilo ongathwalwa kuwo wonke umzimba nalo liyancipha. Njengoba nje inani lamaloli omoya-mpilo lehla, noma inani lomoya-mpilo ongathwalwa elolini elilodwa liyancipha.

Uma amangqamuzana ethu entula umoya-mpilo, siqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuphelelwa umoya , kanye nesiyezi. Lezi zimpawu zinganda njengoba amazinga ethu e-hemoglobin ehla.

Ayini amazinga ajwayelekile nayingozi?

Amazinga e-hemoglobin alinganiswa ngamagremu nge-deciliter ngayinye (gm/dL). Izinga le-hemoglobin elijwayelekile kumuntu ophilile liyahlukahluka kancane ngobulili:

• Amadoda: Ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-14.0 gm/dL no-17.5 gm/dL.
• Abesifazane: Ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-12.3 gm/dL no-15.3 gm/dL.

(Lezi zindinganiso zingahluka kancane kusukela elabhorethri kuya elabhorethri).

“I-hemoglobin ephansi” yilapho amazinga e-hemoglobin ehla ngaphansi kwala manani ajwayelekile. Ukwehla okungaphansi kuka-13 gm/dL kumadoda kanye nokwehla okungaphansi kuka-12 gm/dL kowesifazane kubhekwa njengokwehla okukhulu. Ukwehla okuphansi kakhulu kunalokhu kungaba yingozi.

Uhlola kanjani ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho iphansi?

Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola ukuthi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese kulinganiswa inani le-hemoglobin elikulo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin . Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, njenge -hemoglobin electrophoresis, kungenziwa ukuze kubhekwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi.

📉 Yiziphi izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-hemoglobin ephansi?

Izimbangela zamazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko:

Izigaba Ezijwayelekile

1. Ukungakhi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele: Umnkantsha wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye namangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Uma umsebenzi walo mnkantsha uphazamiseka ngenxa yesifo noma isimo esithile, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungase kwehle.
2. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abhujiswa ngokushesha kunalawo akhiqizwayo: Uma umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kodwa aqhekeka ngokushesha kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa akunakuthathelwa indawo.
3. Ukulahlekelwa Yigazi: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokulimala, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi (isib., ngenxa yesilonda esiswini), noma uma abesifazane bephuma igazi kakhulu ngesikhathi beya esikhathini, i-hemoglobin ne-iron nakho kuyalahleka emzimbeni kanye negazi.
4. Ukungakwazi ukumunca insimbi kahle: Insimbi ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin. Uma insimbi evela ekudleni ingamuncwa kahle, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin kuyancipha.
5. Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile: I-Iron ne -Vitamin B12 (I-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 (folate) nazo zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kahle kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Ukungawatholi ngokwanele lawa ekudleni kwakho kungaholela emazingeni aphansi e-hemoglobin.

Manje ake sibheke izimo zezokwelapha ezithile kanye nezimbangela ezihlobene nalezi zinkinga ezibalulekile.

Izinto ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi

• I-Lymphoma: Lona umdlavuza okhula ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. Uma la maseli omdlavuza esakazekela emnkantsheni wamathambo, aphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• I-leukemia: Lona umdlavuza owenzeka egazini nasemnkantsheni. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza egcwalisa umnkantsheni, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi aphilile kuyancipha.
• I-anemia: I-anemia yigama elivamile lokwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Izibonelo:
  • I-Aplastic Anemia: Isimo lapho umongo wethambo ungakhiqizi khona amangqamuzana egazi anele avela kumaseli okuqala.
  • I-Pernicious Anemia: Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esivimbela umzimba ukuthi ungamunci i-vitamin B12. Ngaphandle kwe-B12, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awakwazi ukukhiqizwa kahle.
  • I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi: Lesi yisimo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-hemoglobin ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu.
• I-Multiple Myeloma: Kulokhu, kwakheka amangqamuzana e-plasma angajwayelekile emnkantsheni wamathambo, okuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Lesi yisimo lapho amaseli okuqala emnkantsheni ehluleka ukukhula abe amaseli egazi anempilo.
• Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli: Izinso zikhiqiza i-hormone (i-erythropoietin) etshela umongo ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, le nqubo iyaphazamiseka.
• Imithi yokulwa negciwane: Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha amagciwane afana ne-HIV ingalimaza umongo wethambo futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali esetshenziswa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ingalimaza namangqamuzana aphilile emnkantsheni wamathambo, inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Izinto ezithinta isikhathi sokuphila kwamaseli abomvu egazi

Ngokuvamile, iseli elibomvu legazi lihlala egazini lethu cishe izinsuku ezingu-120. Amaseli amasha abomvu egazi akhiqizwa njalo emnkantsheni wethambo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, la maseli abomvu egazi ayafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (i-hemolysis).

• Ubende Okhulisiwe / I-Splenomegaly:Ubende lufana nesihlungi emzimbeni wethu. Lubamba futhi lubhubhise amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amadala, onakele. Uma ubende lukhula ngenxa yezifo ezithile (isib. umalaleveva, ezinye izifo zegazi), luqala ukubamba futhi lubhubhise amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amaningi kunokudingekile, lufinyeze isikhathi sokuphila.
• I-Sickle Cell Anemia: Lokhu kuyisifo segazi esizuzwe njengefa. Kulokhu, ukungajwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ashintshe isimo (abe nesimo esifana nesesikela), okubangela ukuba aphuke kalula futhi avaleke emithanjeni yegazi.
• Ama-Thalassemia: Leli futhi yiqembu lezifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengefa. Kulokhu, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza kahle i-hemoglobin namaseli abomvu egazi.

✅ Ungawathuthukisa kanjani amazinga e-hemoglobin? (Ukunakekelwa Nokwelashwa)

Ukwelashwa: Ake siphathe imbangela!

I-hemoglobin ephansi iphathwa ngokuthola imbangela eyisisekelo nokwelapha leyo mbangela. Akulungile ukuqala ukuthatha amaphilisi ensimbi ngokushesha nje lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho iphansi. Kufanele uqale ubonane nodokotela bese uthola ukuthi kungani i-hemoglobin yakho iphansi.

Isibonelo, uma udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi izinga lakho le-hemoglobin liphansi ngenxa ye-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron, uzoncoma izithasiselo ze-iron kanye nokudla okucebile nge-iron. Uma ukuntuleka kwe-iron sekwelashwe, izinga lakho le-hemoglobin lizobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Uma imbangela iwukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, izokwelashwa. Uma imbangela kuyisifo sezinso, imijovo yama-hormone inganikezwa ukusiza ekukhiqizeni amaseli abomvu egazi ngenkathi iphathwa. Uma imbangela ingumdlavuza, umdlavuza kuzodingeka welashwe. Uma imbangela kuyisifo esizuzwe njenge-thalassemia, ukwelashwa okufana nokumpontshelwa igazi kungadingeka.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yokwelapha incike embangela ethile ye-hemoglobin ephansi.

Yini esingayenza ekhaya?

Njengoba i-hemoglobin ephansi ivame ukubangelwa yisimo esibucayi, ayinakulawulwa ngemithi yasekhaya yodwa. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole imbangela futhi uthole ukwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukugcina ukudla okunomsoco nokulinganiselayo (ukudla okucebile ngamavithamini) kusiza ukugcina amaseli abomvu egazi anempilo kanye namazinga e-hemoglobin. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele unake izakhamzimba eziqukethe i-iron, i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate. Nazi ezinye zokudla ezivamile:

• Inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo), kanye nezitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi.
• Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
• Imifino eluhlaza okotshani (njengesipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza okotshani, njll.).
• Imifino efana ne-lentile, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi kanye nobhontshisi oluhlaza.
• Amantongomane nezithelo ezomisiwe njengezithelo zomvini namadethi.

Kuhle ukufaka lokhu kudla ekudleni kwakho, kodwa uma une-hemoglobin ephansi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi ensimbi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinikezwe udokotela wakho .

🩺 Ukushayela Nini Udokotela?

Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu...

Uma wazi ukuthi unesifo esithinta amazinga akho e-hemoglobin (isib. isifo sezinso, isifo segazi), futhi izimpawu zakho (njengokukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya) ziba zimbi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, bona udokotela wakho.

✍️ Ekugcineni

Isifinyezo nezinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa ukuthi izinga le-hemoglobin yakho liphansi kunejwayelekile, kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli akho abomvu egazi, athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke, kwehlile. Kodwa lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezici eziningi ezingathinta izinga le-hemoglobin yakho. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ikhombisa inani eliphansi, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi iyini imbangela, ukuthi isho ukuthini, nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho kunokuzilapha.