Uyazi ngalesi sithunywa esincane emzimbeni wakho? (I-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - ACTH)

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho uma ucindezelekile noma uzizwa ucindezelekile kakhulu? Umzimba wethu unomngane omncane esingamboni osisiza ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-ACTH. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngale-ACTH.

Kuyini i-ACTH?

Kalula nje, i-ACTH iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland yakho. Idlala indima enkulu endleleni umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekucindezelekeni . Lapho i-ACTH ikhishwa, itshela izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiqize i-cortisol, sonke esiyazi ngokuthi “i-hormone yokucindezeleka,” kanye neqembu lama-hormone ocansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-androgens.

Manje cishe usuzibuza ukuthi ayini la ma-hormone, akunjalo? Ama-hormone angamakhemikhali ahlanganisa imisebenzi eyahlukene emzimbeni wakho. Afana nezithunywa. Le miyalezo ihamba ngegazi lakho iye ezithweni zakho, esikhumbeni, emisipheni, nakwezinye izicubu. Lezi zimpawu zitshela umzimba wakho ukuthi wenzeni nokuthi ukwenze nini.

I-pituitary gland yakho iyi-gland encane, engangophizi etholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-hypothalamus. Iyingxenye yesistimu yakho ye-endocrine. I-pituitary gland inezingxenye ezimbili: i-anterior lobe kanye ne-posterior lobe. I-anterior pituitary gland yakho yiyo eyenza futhi ikhiphe i-ACTH.

Kwenzekani ngempela nge-ACTH?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-ACTH ukuvuselela izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ukuze zikhiphe i-hormone i-cortisol. Cabanga ngakho njengoba i-ACTH ifana nesikhulu esiphethe sitshela izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ukuthi zenze i-cortisol.

I-Cortisol iyi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu edingwa yimizimba yethu. Ithinta cishe zonke izitho nezicubu emzimbeni. I-Cortisol yaziwa ngokuthi “i-hormone yokucindezeleka,” kodwa empeleni ineminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile mayelana ne-cortisol:

• Ulawula indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekucindezelekeni .
• Kuyasiza ekulawuleni indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amafutha, amaprotheni, kanye nama-carbohydrate, okungukuthi, imetabolism yakho.
• Ukuvuvukala , okusho ukuvuvukala nokubomvu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, kuyancishiswa.
• Ilawula umfutho wegazi .
• Ilawula amazinga kashukela egazini .
• Futhi kuyasiza ekulawuleni umjikelezo wakho wokulala nokuvuka .

Akukhona lokhu kuphela, i-ACTH yenza okunye. Okusho ukuthi, ivuselela izindlala ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiphe ama-hormone ocansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-androgens. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ACTH isiza ekwenzeni amakhemikhali avuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone engeziwe, njenge-adrenaline kanye ne-noradrenaline.

Alawulwa kanjani amazinga e-ACTH?

Amazinga e-ACTH emzimbeni wakho alawulwa uhlelo oluthakazelisayo kakhulu. Lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuphendula. Luhilela i-hypothalamus yakho, i-pituitary gland, i-adrenal glands, kanye nama-hormone athile. Lonke lolu hlelo silubiza ngokuthi i-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis . Kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa kulula.

Cabanga ukuthi i-pituitary gland yakho ixhunywe kwi-hypothalamus yakho ngesiqu esincane semithambo yegazi kanye nemizwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiqu se-pituitary. Yingalesi siqu lapho i-hypothalamus ikhuluma khona ne-pituitary gland bese iyitshela ukuthi ikhiphe ama-hormone athile. I-hypothalamus yakho iyingxenye yobuchopho bakho elawula izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa komzimba, kanye nokugaya ukudla.

Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezingonxantathu ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zakho.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu hlelo lokuphendula olulawula amazinga e-ACTH lusebenza kanjani:

• Uma amazinga e-cortisol emzimbeni wakho ehla, i-hypothalamus yakho ikhipha i -hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• Le CRH ivuselela i-anterior pituitary lobe yakho ukuze ikhulule i-ACTH.
• I-ACTH ibe isivuselela izindlala zakho ze-adrenal, ikakhulukazi i-adrenal cortex, ukuze ikhiphe i-cortisol kanye ne-androgens.
• Uma amazinga e-cortisol enyuka kanje, ithumela isignali emuva ku-hypothalamus ukuze yehlise amazinga e-CRH. Futhi yileyo ndlela umjikelezo oqedwa ngayo. Kufana 'nokushintsha okuvalayo' .

Akukhona lokhu kuphela, uma ucindezelekile , okungukuthi, ucindezelekile engqondweni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ACTH kuyakhuthazwa futhi amazinga e-cortisol ayanda.

Kodwa-ke, uma kunenkinga nge-hypothalamus yakho, i-pituitary gland, noma i-adrenal glands, ibhalansi yama-hormone ahilelekile kule nqubo, okungukuthi i-ACTH, ingase iphazamiseke.

Ungawahlola kanjani amazinga e-ACTH?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ukuhlola amazinga akho e-ACTH. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho.

Odokotela bavame uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-cortisol kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ACTH ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga nge-pituitary gland noma i-adrenal glands.

Futhi, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangenza okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-ACTH . Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zisabela kahle kangakanani ku-ACTH. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekuboneni izinkinga ngezindlala ze-pituitary kanye/noma ze-adrenal.

Iyini izinga elijwayelekile le-ACTH?

Njenge-cortisol, izinga le-ACTH egazini lakho livame ukuba phezulu ekuseni kakhulu. Liyancipha kancane kancane njengoba usuku luqhubeka, lifinyelele ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu cishe phakathi kwamabili. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenza ishifu yasebusuku futhi ulala ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku, le ndlela ingashintsha.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-ACTH kuvame ukudinga ukuthi kuthathwe igazi ekuseni. Ngokuvamile, izinga elijwayelekile lamazinga e-ACTH phakathi kuka-7:00 ekuseni no-10:00 ekuseni lingama -picogram angu-7.2 kuya ku-63.3 nge-milliliter (7.2 kuya ku-63.3 pg/mL) .

Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa. Lezi zigaba ezijwayelekile zingahluka kusukela elabhorethri kuya kwelebhu, ngezikhathi ezithile, nakumuntu nomuntu. Uma une-ACTH test, udokotela wakho nguyena ozofunda imiphumela yakho futhi akutshele ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma cha.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-ACTH enyuka?

Uma amazinga akho e-ACTH ephezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi amazinga akho e-cortisol nawo aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cortisol ithinta umzimba ngezindlela eziningi, ungase uzwe imiphumela emibi ye-cortisol ephezulu kunezimpawu ze-ACTH ephezulu. Kwezinye izimo, lapho izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi i-cortisol eyanele, amazinga e-ACTH anganda. Kulezo zimo, ungase uzwe izimpawu ze-cortisol ephansi, hhayi i-ACTH ephezulu.

Kunezizathu eziningana ezingaba khona zokuphakama kwamazinga e-ACTH:

• Isifo sikaCushing: Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuphakama kwamazinga e-ACTH. Lokhu kubangelwa isimila esingesona umdlavuza (i-adenoma) endlaleni ye-pituitary ekhiqiza i-ACTH eningi kakhulu. Lokhu-ke kubangela ukuthi amazinga e-cortisol akhuphuke. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikaCushing kanye nesifo sikaCushing . Isifo sikaCushing singenye yezimbangela eziningi zesifo sikaCushing.
• Isimila se-hormone ye-adrenocorticotropic esiphuma e-ectopic: Akuvamile kakhulu, isimila esikhula ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland yakho singakhipha i-ACTH eningi kakhulu. Izimila ezingakhiqiza i-ACTH ngale ndlela (nakuba zingavamile kakhulu) zifaka phakathi izimila ze-carcinoid ezingezona umdlavuza zamaphaphu, izimila ze-islet cell ze-pancreas, i-medullary carcinoma ye-thyroid, izimila ze-cell ezincane zamaphaphu, kanye nezimila ze-thymus gland .
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal okuyinhloko: Lesi simo senzeka lapho okuthile kulimaze izindlala zakho ze-adrenal futhi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-cortisol kahle. Isifo sika-AddisonLesi yimbangela evame kakhulu yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal. Ngenxa yalokho, i-pituitary gland yakho ikhipha i-ACTH eyengeziwe ngoba ifuna ukuvuselela i-adrenal glands.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-ACTH ehla?

Uma amazinga e-ACTH ephansi ngenxa yenkinga yendlala ye-pituitary, amazinga e-cortisol avame ukuba phansi. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-cortisol ephezulu ngenxa yenkinga yendlala ye-adrenal, amazinga e-ACTH angaba phansi.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani amazinga e-ACTH engaba phansi:

• I-Cushing's syndrome: I-Cushing's syndrome, engabangelwa umdlavuza we-adrenal gland noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye -corticosteroid kwezinye izimo, ingabangela amazinga aphansi e-ACTH. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pituitary gland yakho ayikwazi ukukhulula i-ACTH ngokujwayelekile ngenxa ye-cortisol eningi.
• I-Hypopituitarism: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland yakho ikhiqiza okuncane kakhulu kwe-hormone eyodwa, eziningana, noma zonke. I-ACTH ingenye yama-hormone angathinteka. Noma yimuphi umonakalo kwi-pituitary gland yakho, njengesimila, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ungabangela i-hypopituitarism.

Njengamanje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi i-ACTH ibalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga akho e-cortisol. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu zamazinga aphezulu noma aphansi e-cortisol, njengokwanda noma ukwehla kwesisindo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ophansi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cortisol kanye ne-ACTH ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izindlala zakho ze-adrenal noma i-pituitary gland ziyimbangela yezimpawu zakho.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule?

I-ACTH iyi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland esiza ukulawula ukucindezeleka emzimbeni wethu.

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- Yilokhu okukhuthaza izindlala ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiqize i -cortisol "ye-hormone yokucindezeleka".

- I-Cortisol ilawula izinto eziningi, njengokusetshenziswa kwethu kwe-metabolism, umfutho wegazi, kanye namazinga kashukela egazini.

- Amazinga e-ACTH alawulwa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhilela i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal .

- Uma amazinga e-ACTH enyuka noma ehla, kungaholela esifweni sikaCushing, isifo sika-Addison.Kungaba nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo.

- Uma unezimpawu kulokhu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngaphandle kokwesaba bese ucela iseluleko.

I- ACTH, i-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, i-Cortisol, i-Pituitary gland, i-Adrenal glands, ama-Hormone, ukucindezeleka