Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokutheleleka nge-E. coli. Ungesabi ukufunda lokhu!

Wake waba nobuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo izinsuku eziningi, futhi wazizwa sengathi uyahlanya? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi into esiyidlile esitolo ayilungile. Kodwa-ke, imbangela yezifo ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi ingaba uhlobo oluncane lwamagciwane esingenakukwazi ukulibona ngamehlo ethu. Elinye lalawo magciwane yi -E. coli . Igama lizwakala liyesabeka kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-'E. coli', kungani ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuyo.

Iyini le E. coli?

Kalula nje, i-E. coli (i-Escherichia coli) uhlobo lwebhaktheriya. Ngokuvamile ihlala emathunjini, noma emgudwini wesisu (GI), wabantu abaphilile nezilwane. Ungamangali, i-E. coli emathunjini akho ngokuvamile ayikukhathazi. Eqinisweni, ikusiza ukuthi ugaye ukudla okudlayo.

Kodwa, kwezinye izimo, izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zamagciwane e-E. coli (ake siwabize ngokuthi izinhlobo ezimbi) ezingadala ukugula uma zingena emizimbeni yethu. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbi zinganamathela emaseli ethu futhi zikhiqize ubuthi . Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka nge-E. coli yinoma yisiphi isifo osithola kumagciwane amabi e-E. coli okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Isibonelo, uma udla la magciwane amabi ngokungazi, ungaba nohudo olumanzi, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nezinye izimpawu zokugaya ukudla (i-gastroenteritis). Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-diarrheagenic E. coli. Yilokhu abantu abaningi abakushoyo uma bekhuluma ngokutheleleka nge-E. coli.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ngisho namagciwane e-E. coli, avame ukutholakala emathunjini akho, angabangela ukutheleleka uma eya ezindaweni okungafanele aye kuzo, njengasemgudwini wakho womchamo .

Iningi lamagciwane e-E. coli abangela ukutheleleka okuncane. Kodwa amanye amagciwane, ikakhulukazi lawo akhiqiza ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-Shiga toxin , angabangela ukugula okukhulu okungalimaza izinso.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli okuvame kakhulu ukutheleleka komgudu wokugaya ukudla kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kutheleleka kungavela futhi:

• Ukutheleleka kwegazi
• Ukutheleleka kwe-prostate (i-Prostatitis)
• Isifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic (PID)
• Ukutheleleka kwenyongo (`Cholecystitis`)
• Ukutheleleka kwamanxeba
• I-pneumonia (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu)
• I-Meningitis (lokhu nakho akuvamile kakhulu)

Zivame kangakanani izifo ze-E. coli?

Ezweni elifana ne-United States, kubikwa ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli (STEC) okubangela ubuthi be-Shiga okungaphezu kuka-250,000 minyaka yonke. Lolu hlobo lwe-STEC luyimbangela eyinhloko yokugula okusabalele nokubi okubangelwa yi-E. coli.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla (i-gastroenteritis) kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Uhudo: Isikhathi esiningi luba namanzi, ngezinye izikhathi lungaba negazi.
• Ubuhlungu besisu nokuqunjelwa: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi isisu sakho siyaphenduka.
• I-Anorexia: Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.
• Umkhuhlane: Ukuzizwa ushisa.

Ngokuvamile kuqala ngohudo olumanzi. Futhi, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi emzimbeni wakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-E. coli emgudwini womchamo?

Uma igciwane le-E. coli lithelela izingxenye zomgudu wakho womchamo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi noma endaweni ye-pelvic.
• Ukushisa noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama.
• Ukuzizwa unesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuchama njalo.
• Ukuphuma komchamo onephunga elibi.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-E. coli ziqala ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngemva kokudla ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi angcoliswe yi-"STEC" yamagciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela ukugula zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingase zingaveli kuze kube yizinsuku eziyishumi ngemva kokuba igciwane selingene emzimbeni.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane e-E. coli zingabangela ukutheleleka okubangelwa uhudo emathunjini. Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu ziyafana, njengohudo olumanzi. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zinzima kakhulu kunezinye. Ososayensi bazihlukanisa ngokwendlela ezinamathela ngayo kumaseli kanye nobuthi obukhiphayo.

Izinhlobo eziningana ze-E. coli ezibangela uhudo:

• I-E. coli (STEC) ekhiqiza ubuthi be-Shiga
• I-E. coli enobungozi (`I-E. coli enobungozi/ETEC`)
• I-E. coli ebangela izifo (`I-E. coli ebangela izifo/i-EPEC`)
• I-Enteroaggregative E. coli (`Enteroaggregative E. coli/EAEC`)
• I-E. coli ehlaselayo (`I-E. coli ehlaselayo/EIEC`)
• I-E. coli enamathela kakhulu (DAEC)

Ezinye izinhlobo ezibalulekile ze-E. coli yi-Uropathogen E. coli (UPEC), ebangela ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs), kanye ne-E. coli K1, engabangela i-meningitis ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Iyini i-E. coli (STEC) ekhiqiza ubuthi be-Shiga?

I-`STEC` uhlobo olukhethekile lwebhaktheriya i-`E. coli`. Ikhipha ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-`Shiga toxin` , obulimaza amangqamuzana ethu. Ifana nobuthi obukhishwa yibhaktheriya i-`Shigella`. I-`STEC` yaziwa ngokubangela izifo ezinkulu ze-`E. coli`. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukudla okungcolile.

I-STEC ibizwa nangokuthi i-enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) , ngoba ingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini kanye nohudo olunegazi (i-hemorrhagic colitis). Cishe abantu abangu-5% kuya ku-10% abane-STEC bahlakulela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) , esibangela amahlule egazi kanye nokulimala kwezinso. Uhlobo lwe-E. coli O157:H7 yilona okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lubangele ukugula okubi kakhulu.

Hlobo luni lwe-E. coli olubangela i-Traveler's Diarrhea?

I-E. coli ye-Enterotoxigenic (`I-Enterotoxigenic E. coli/ETEC`) uhlobo olubangela ukutheleleka ``Uhudo lwabahambi`` . Izimpawu zalokhu ziqala ngokushesha kakhulu - ngezinye izikhathi zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Uhlobo lwe-``ETEC`` luvame kakhulu emazweni anezimo zezulu ezifudumele. NaseSri Lanka, uma singaqapheli lapho sihamba, lokhu kungenzeka.

Siyithola kanjani i-E. coli?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-E. coli ezibangela uhudo zisakazeka ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-fecal-oral transmission . Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho izingcezu ezincane zendle, ezincane kakhulu ukuba zibonakale, zingena emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ngemilomo yethu. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-STEC, zingasakazeka nangenyama engaphekiwe kahle kanye neziphuzo ezingaphekiwe.

Ngokuqondile, i-E. coli ingadluliselwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ngokudla ukudla okungcolile: izinto ezifana nenyama engaphekiwe kahle, imifino eluhlaza kanye nezithelo ezingagezwanga kahle. Kudingeka futhi siqaphele ngezinto ezifana namasaladi nama-sambol esiwathenga ezitolo.
• Ngokuphuza iziphuzo ezingaphekwanga: ubisi, ijusi yezithelo (nezinto ezenziwe ngazo, njengoshizi ne-ayisikhilimu).
• Ukuphuza (noma ukugwinya) amanzi angcolile: Indle yezilwane neyabantu ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi yemvelo (amachibi, imifudlana, imifula), amachibi okubhukuda, kanye namanzi okuphuza angalashwanga.
• Ngokuthinta indle noma izindawo ezingcolile: Uma ushintsha amanabukeni, usula ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, uthinta izilwane zasemapulazini, noma uthinta izinto noma izindawo ezithintwe ngumuntu onesifo se-E. coli, izandla zakho zingangena indle kuzo. Uma ufaka lezo zandla emlonyeni wakho, ungathola i-E. coli.
• Ukungasuli kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese: Lokhu kungavumela i-E. coli esithweni sakho ukuba ingene emgudwini wakho womchamo futhi kubangele ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI).

Izinsana ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nokutheleleka kwe-E. coli lapho zizalwa.

Ingabe i-E. coli iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Yebo, i-E. coli ingasakazeka isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Nakuba ingasakazeki ngokuxhumana okuqondile, ingasakazeka ngokunakekela umuntu onesifo se-E. coli, ikakhulukazi uma uthinta indle yakhe. Ingasakazeka nangokuthinta izinto, izindawo, noma ukudla okuthintwe ngumuntu onesifo se-E. coli ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakhe kahle.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-E. coli?

Noma ubani othintana negciwane le-E. coli elibangela lesi sifo angangenwa yileli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezincane
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (isibonelo, labo abane-HIV noma umdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba)
• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela (`Isifo Sikashukela`)
• Abantu abanezifo zamathumbu njenge-ulcerative colitis

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-E. coli?

I-E. coli ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) : Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezinso.
• I-Sepsis : Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba ekuthelelekeni egazini.
• Ukungondleki kahle noma ukukhula okungapheli : Izingane ezincane ezinesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo zingase zingakwazi ukumunca izakhamzimba ezidingwa yimizimba yazo futhi zingase zikhule kancane kancane.

Ukuthola kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Udokotela wakho uzohlonza ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho. Uma unesifo sohudo noma ezinye izimpawu zokugaya ukudla, udokotela wakho uzohlola isampula yendle ukuze abone ukuthi i-E. coli ikhona yini. Uma unezinye izimpawu, angase ahlole umchamo wakho, igazi, noma uketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) .

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola i-E. coli?

Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kwe-E. coli yile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesihlalo
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo noma isiko lomchamo
• Isiko legazi
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla

Izifo ze-E. coli zelashwa kanjani?

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli okubangela izimpawu zokugaya ukudla ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa. Odokotela abavamisile ukunikeza ama-antibiotic noma ama-antidiarrhea okutheleleka kwe-STEC, ngoba leyo mithi ingandisa ingozi yokuthi umuntu one-STEC abe ne-HUS. Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela bazoqapha isimo sakho futhi bakunike uketshezi, njengosawoti, ukuze bavimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Okubalulekile:Uma unegciwane le-STEC, ungathathi imithi yokulwa nohudo (isib. i-Loperamide) ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesinye isifo se-E. coli - njengokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, i-meningitis noma i-sepsis - noma uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, udokotela wakho uzokulapha ngama-antibiotic.

Yimaphi ama-antibiotic anikezwayo ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Amanye ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa odokotela ekuthelelekeni nge-E. coli yile:

• `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole/TMP/SMX`
• `I-Ciprofloxacin`
• `I-Rifaximin`
• I-Nitrofurantoin (ngokuvamile yokutheleleka komgudu womchamo)

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kungavinjelwa?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uzivikele ezifweni ze-E. coli ukugeza izandla zakho . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ashisayo ngalezi zikhathi:

• Ngaphambi nangemva kokupheka ukudla, nangemva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza nenhlanzi.
• Ngemva kokuya endlini yokugezela, ngemva kokushintsha amanabukeni, ngemva kokuthinta izilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, unganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-E. coli ngokulandela izindlela zokulungiselela ukudla eziphephile:

• Ungaphuzi ubisi olungaphekiwe noma ijusi yezithelo.
• Geza yonke imifino eluhlaza nezithelo kahle ngamanzi agobhozayo ngaphambi kokudla.
• Ungagcini nje ngokushiya inyama esiqandisini phezu kwekhawunta bese uyincibilikisa. Yincibilikise esikhwameni sepulasitiki.
• Ungayigezi inyama ngaphambi kokuyipheka. Ukugeza inyama kungasakaza amagciwane ezindaweni ezizungezile, ezitsheni, nakwezinye ukudla.
• Sebenzisa ibhodi lokusika lepulasitiki, le-silicone, noma le-ceramic enyameni eluhlaza. Amabhodi okusika okhuni kunzima ukuwahlanza ngokuphelele futhi angaba namagciwane.
• Sebenzisa izindawo ezihlukene zokulungisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla. Izindawo ezifana namabhodi okusika zingasakaza amagciwane. Uma ungenawo amabhodi okusika ahlukene, ngemva kokusebenza ngenyama eluhlaza, geza indawo kahle ngensipho namanzi ashisayo ngaphambi kokubeka olunye uhlobo lokudla (njengemifino eluhlaza) kuyo.
• Pheka zonke inyama kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile ngaphambi kokudla.
• Ungabeki inyama ephekiwe epuletini elinenyama eluhlaza.
• Faka ukudla okusele esiqandisini ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma kuvela i-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka nge-E. coli kungabangela noma yini kusukela ekuhudeni okuncane kuya ezifweni ezisongela ukuphila. Iningi labantu liba ngcono ngokwabo noma ngama-antibiotic. Ukutheleleka nge-STEC akuvamile ukwelashwa, kodwa ungadinga ukunakekelwa okusekelwayo, njengosawoti. Ungalaliswa esibhedlela futhi uhlukaniswe ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwe-STEC.

Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani i-E. coli ikhona?

Kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka kwe-E. coli onakho, izimpawu zakho zingase zithathe izinsuku ezimbili kuya emavikini amabili. Ukutheleleka kwe-STEC kuvame ukuhlala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuzolulama ngokwakho?

I-Minor E. coli gastroenteritis kanye nezinye izifo zomgudu womchamo zingaba ngcono ngokwazo. Ungase ube ngcono cishe ngesonto ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sohudo esibi esihlala izinsuku eziningana, unezinhlungu esiswini, uzwa ubuhlungu lapho uchama, noma ukhipha umchamo omncane kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Ungabulawa yi-E. coli?

Yebo, ukutheleleka nge-E. coli kungaba yingozi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinga lokufa ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-E. coli licishe libe ngu-17%. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yalezi zifundo iyahlukahluka kakhulu (kusukela ku-8% kuya ku-35%). Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo okubangelwa yi-E. coli akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube yingozi kunezinye izifo ze-E. coli.

I-Sepsis iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kubantu abanezifo ze-E. coli. Izinga lokufa liphezulu kubantu abangaphansi konyaka owodwa, abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-44, labo abanezifo zokuphefumula, noma labo abanezifo ezingaphenduli kuma-antibiotic.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

• Ungadli noma uphuze noma yini ekhulisa uhudo (njenge-caffeine, utshwala).
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Uma udokotela ekuthole une-STEC (ikakhulukazi i-E. coli O157:H7), ungayithathi imithi yokwelapha isifo sohudo (njenge-bismuth subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol®, Kaopectate®, noma i-loperamide - Imodium®). Le mithi ingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-HUS.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unesifo sohudo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, unezimpawu zokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, noma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, bona udokotela.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Uma ungakwazi ukugcina noma yiluphi uketshezi luphansi.
• Uma unesifo sohudo esinegazi.
• Uma uhlanza njalo.
• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-40 (103 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma uchama kancane kakhulu.
• Uma unokudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Uma ubuthakathaka kakhulu noma ulele.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Yimiphi imithi ephephile ukuthi ngiyithathe?
• Uhlobo luni lwe-E. coli enginalo?
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwe-E. coli?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki esikhathini esizayo?

I-E. coli uhlobo lwamagciwane angaphila emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingasenza sigule, ikakhulukazi uma zifika ezindaweni okungafanele zingene kuzo. Iningi lezifo ze-E. coli lizothuthuka ngokwalo. Kodwa uma izimpawu zakho zihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa noma zinzima, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kulokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi usuyitholile ukuqonda okungcono i-E. coli. Khumbula la maphuzu:

• I-E. coli ayibi kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ziyingozi.
• Ukugeza izandla kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Qaphela ukuhlanzeka lapho ulungisa ukudla. Pheka inyama eluhlaza bese udoba kahle, bese ugeza izithelo nemifino kahle.
• Uma unesifo sohudo noma ubuhlungu besisu izinsuku eziningana, uma isifo sohudo sihambisana negazi, noma uma unomkhuhlane , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Ungathathi umuthi wohudo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisifo 'se-STEC'.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- E. coli, i-E. coli, ukutheleleka, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ubuthi bokudla, amagciwane