Cabanga ukuthi ube nengozi enkulu noma wopha kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunikeza igazi njengenjwayelo akwanele. Ikakhulukazi uma igazi lakho lingajiyi kahle, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunikeza ukwelashwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-FFP. Ungase wesabe kancane uma uzwa igama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-FFP, ukuthi kungani inikezwa, kanye nakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngayo ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Iyini i-FFP (i-Fresh Frozen Plasma)?
Kalula nje, i-FFP yingxenye yoketshezi oluphuzi esala ngemva kokususwa kwezingxenye zamaseli ezifana namaseli abomvu egazi kanye namaseli amhlophe egazi egazini lomuntu elinikelwe. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-plasma .
Le plasma igcina umthamo wegazi lethu. Iphinde ibe namaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi "izici zokugoba" asiza ekumiseni ukopha lapho silimala.
Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu entula eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinto zokujiya igazi futhi ephuma igazi ngokweqile, i-FFP inikezwa ukuze kubuyiselwe umthamo wegazi olahlekile futhi kugcwaliswe izinto zokujiya igazi eziphelile.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-"Fresh Frozen" Plasma ngoba ngemva kokuba i-plasma ihlukaniswe nomnikelo wegazi, iqandiswa kakhulu ekushiseni okungu--18 degrees Celsius noma ngaphansi emahoreni angu-8 ukuze kulondolozwe izici ezibalulekile zokujiya kwegazi eziqukethwe kuyo.
Ingabe kukhona amanye amagama alokhu?
Yebo, odokotela bangasebenzisa amanye amagama uma bekhuluma ngale ndlela yokwelapha. Lawo magama abhekisela endleleni esetshenziswayo ukuyilondoloza. Isibonelo, kukhona amagama afana ne-PF24, PF24RT24.
Ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngala magama kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-plasma oluzofanelana kahle nesimo sakho futhi luqukethe izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ozidingayo.
Ubani odinga ukwelashwa kwe-FFP?
I-FFP akuyona indlela yokwelapha wonke umuntu opha igazi. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi. Nazi ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko lapho i-FFP ingadingeka khona:
- Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi: Lapho umuntu onesifo sokuzalwa esibangelwa izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, njenge-hemophilia, ephuma igazi ngokweqile.
- Kulabo abasebenzisa i-Warfarin: I-Warfarin inciphisa igazi. Uma umuntu othatha lo muthi eqala ukopha, imvamisa ilawulwa ngokunikeza i-vitamin K. Kodwa-ke, uma i-vitamin K ingasebenzi ngokushesha, i-FFP inganikezwa njengokwelashwa okusekelayo .
- Uma kwenzeka isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura):Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Sibangela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni. Ngokunikeza i-FFP, laba ziguli banikezwa indawo ye-enzyme engekho.
- Ukopha ngokweqile: Uma kulahleka igazi eliningi emzimbeni ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenxa yengozi enkulu, ukuhlinzwa, noma esinye isizathu, i-FFP inikezwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi.
I-FFP inikezwa kanjani?
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela. Isikhwama se-FFP esiqandisiwe siyancibilikiswa sibe yizinga lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi kokuba sifakwe emzimbeni wakho. Inqubo imi kanje:
1. Ukufaka i-cannula: Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzofaka i-cannula (umugqa we-IV) emthanjeni osengalweni yakho.
2. Ukunikeza i-FFP: Uma isikhwama se-FFP sixhunywe kule cannula, i-plasma ingena kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho ngemithambo yakho.
3. Ukuqapha: Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile , njengokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi, zizoqashwa njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njenge-PT/INR kanye ne-PTT, kungenziwa futhi ukuhlola ukuthi igazi lakho liqina kangakanani.
4. Isilinganiso: Isikhwama esisodwa se-FFP (iyunithi) siqukethe cishe ama-200-250 ml. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 ukusinika umzimba. Kuye ngokuthi ulahlekelwe igazi elingakanani, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi zingaki izikhwama ze-FFP ozidingayo nokuthi uzozidinga isikhathi esingakanani.
Yiziphi izingozi nezinkinga ze-FFP?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane kakhulu ezihilelekile ekunikezeni i-FFP. Kodwa odokotela bayazi kahle lezi zingozi futhi bathatha zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze bazivimbele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isikhwama ngasinye segazi elinikelwe sihlolwa ngokucophelela, ingozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo manje isiphansi kakhulu.
| Ingozi/Inkinga | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba | Amasosha omzimba asabela ku-plasma engena emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezincane njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba nokulunywa. |
| Izifo | Kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthola igciwane egazini lomnikeli. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu njengoba wonke amayunithi egazi anikelwa ngamabhange egazi eSri Lanka ahlolwa ngokucophelela. |
| I-TRALI (ukulimala kwamaphaphu okuhlobene nokumpontshelwa igazi) | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. |
| I-TACO (ukudlula kwegazi okuhambisana nokudluliswa kwegazi) | Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luzizwa lunomthwalo omkhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu loketshezi (i-plasma) olungena emzimbeni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi kanye noketshezi olugcwalisa amaphaphu. |
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa futhi kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?
Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ululame sincike esizathwini se-FFP. Ngokuvamile, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono cishe ngosuku olulodwa ngemuva kokwelashwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele .
Ngezinye izikhathi, eminye imiphumela emibi ingase ivele ngisho nangemva kokuba usubuyile ekhaya uvela esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke qaphela ngalezi zimo ezilandelayo.
| Isimo | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Uma unalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. | |
| Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho. |
| Uma unalezi zimpawu, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. | |
| Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi njenge-TRALI noma i-TACO. Lokhu kungenzeka emahoreni okuqala ayisithupha ngemva kokuthola ukwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-FFP iyindlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu engasindisa izimpilo uma kwenzeka ukopha okukhulu.
- Lokhu kuhilela kakhulu ukubuyisela izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi kanye nokulahlekelwa yivolumu yegazi emzimbeni.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa esibhedlela futhi ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngokungadingekile.
- Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, kunezingozi ezincane, kodwa odokotela bakulungele ukuzilawula.
- Uma uba nophawu olubi kakhulu, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ngemva kokwelashwa, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, ungalokothi unqikaze ukuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho.
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