Isifo Segciwane Le-Ebola: Ingabe siyazi ngempela ngalesi sifo esiyingozi segciwane?

Uma uzwa igama elithi Ebola, cishe uzizwa wesaba kancane, akunjalo? Kuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela impilo. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yisifo esihlasela imithambo yegazi yethu. Izimpawu ze-Ebola ziqala njengezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi singaholela ezimweni ezifana nokopha okukhulu (ukopha), ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, nokuhlanza okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

I-Ebola ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baqale bathola igciwane elibangela i-Ebola, ilungu lomndeni we-orthoebolavirus , ngo-1976 eDemocratic Republic of the Congo (eyayaziwa ngokuthi iZaire), e-Afrika. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sifo siye sasakazeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola okukhulu kakhulu kwenzeke phakathi kuka-2013 no-2016. Kwathelela abantu abangu-28,652 emazweni angaba yi-10 emhlabeni jikelele, kwabulala abangu-11,325.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane le-Ebola futhi ubhekene nezimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Ebola?

Kunezinhlobo ezine zegciwane le-Ebola ezithinta abantu. Lawa magciwane aqanjwe ngezindawo lapho aqala ukutholakala khona, kodwa kusukela lapho asakazekele kwezinye izindawo. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukile ngobukhulu bezimpawu kanye nobukhulu besifo.

• I-Bundibugyo ebolavirus / igciwane le-Bundibugyo: Lokhu kubangela isifo segciwane le-Bundibugyo (BDBV). Amathuba amancane okuthi singabi yingozi kunezinye izinhlobo.
• I-ebolavirus yaseSudan / igciwane laseSudan: Lokhu kubangela isifo segciwane laseSudan (SVD). Lesi yisifo esibulalayo kakhulu.
• I-Taï Forest ebolavirus / igciwane le-Taï Forest: Lokhu kubangela isifo segciwane le-Taï Forest (TAFV). Lesi yimbangela engavamile kakhulu ye-Ebola.
• I-Zaire ebolavirus / igciwane le-Ebola: Lolu uhlobo olubangela isifo segciwane le-Ebola (EVD). Luyimbangela evame kakhulu yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe kanye nokufa kwe-Ebola.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-Ebola? Ziyini izimpawu?

Zonke izinhlobo ze-Ebola zibangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Lezi zimpawu zingafika ngezigaba eziningana. Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane:

• Ukuzizwa ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka (ukukhathala)
• Imfiva
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izimpawu ze-Ebola ezinzima zingase zivele. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Izihlalo ezimnyama, ezithambile (melena)
• Ukopha noma ukudumba
• Ukudideka
• Uhudo, ngezinye izikhathi olunegazi
• Amabala abomvu noma amabala egazi esikhumbeni (i-petechiae noma i-purpura)
• Amehlo abomvu noma abomvu
• Ukuhlanza, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphuma kwegazi noma ikhofi eligayiwe

Izigaba zakamuva ze-Ebola zingaba zimbi kakhulu . Zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka/ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis)
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba
• Ukuquleka (ngezinye izikhathi kufana nokuquleka kwesifo sokuwa)
• Ukuntuleka kokugeleza kwegazi okwanele emzimbeni (ukushaqeka)

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izimpawu ze-Ebola zibonakale?

Izimpawu zingavela ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuchayeka egciwaneni le-Ebola, noma zivele emavikini amathathu kamuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokufukamela (isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni bese liqala ukukhombisa izimpawu) singahluka.

Yini ebangela ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola? Kusakazeka kanjani?

Ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola kuvame ukwenzeka emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ePhakathi naseMpumalanga Afrika. Igciwane le-Ebola liqala ezilwaneni ezinjengalezi:

• Izinyamazane
• Amalulwane ezithelo
• Izilwane ezingezona ezomuntu - izinkawu nezinkawu

Zonke izinhlobo ze-Ebola zisakazeka ngendlela efanayo. Ama-Orthoebolavirus asakazeka ngokuxhumana noketshezi lomzimba oluvela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-spillover event , okusho ukuthi lesi sifo singasakazeka sisuka ezilwaneni siye kubantu) noma kubantu. Lawa ma-fluid omzimba yile:

• Uketshezi lwe-amniotic (uketshezi oluzungeze umntwana esibelethweni)
• Ubisi lwebele
• Umchamo/umchamo
• Indle/isihlalo
• Isidoda
• Ukukhafula/ukukhipha amathe
• Ukujuluka

Ungayithola futhi i-Ebola ezindaweni, ezintweni, noma emishinini yezokwelapha ethelelekile yileli gciwane. Ingasakazeka nangokudla inyama yezilwane ezinaleli gciwane.

Ingabe i-Ebola ingadluliselwa ngocansi?

Yebo, i-Ebola ingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokocansi ngesidoda somuntu onegciwane. Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Ucansi lwendunu
• Ucansi lomlomo
• Ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Ngezindlela ezifana nalezi.

Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-Ebola ingadluliselwa ngoketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane onegciwane.

Ingabe i-Ebola isakazeka emoyeni?

I-Ebola cishe ayinakudluliswa ngomoya. Ukutheleleka okubangelwa umoya kusakazeka ngamaconsi amancane okuphefumula akhishwa lapho umuntu ekhwehlela, ekhipha umoya, ehleka, noma ethimula. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-Ebola isakazeka ngaleyo ndlela.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Ebola?

Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Ebola uma usondelene nomuntu othelelekile. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubandakanya abasebenzi bezempilo kanye namalungu omndeni .

Uma usondelene kakhulu nomuntu one-Ebola, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) ezifanele njengezibuko zokuzivikela, izihlangu zobuso, kanye namamaski.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-Ebola?

Ngisho nangemva kokululama ku-Ebola, ezinye izinkinga zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli) zingavela. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo noma ukubomvu
• Ukukhathala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokuluma ezithweni zangasese (i-peripheral neuropathy)
• Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba
• Izinkinga zokubona, okuhlanganisa ubumpumputhe, ukubona okufiphele, kanye nokuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia).

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-Ebola?

Kungaba nzima ukuxilonga i-Ebola ngoba izimpawu zayo zifana nezezinye izifo, njenge-yellow fever, i-malaria, kanye ne-typhoid fever. Ngakho-ke, odokotela kuqala:

• Ukubheka umlando wakho wezempilo.
• Ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho.
• Bazokubuza ukuthi uhambe kuphi muva nje, noma ukuthi uke wathintana nabantu noma izilwane ocabanga ukuthi zingase zibe ne-Ebola.

Uma besola ukuthi une-Ebola, bazoncoma ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ukuze bathole i-Ebola. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuwuhlobo lokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ingabe i-Ebola ingelapheka? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Yebo, kunezindlela zokwelapha i-Ebola. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha ama-antibody e-monoclonal yesifo segciwane le-Ebola. Lawa ma-antibody e-monoclonal asebenza njengama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba wakho ngokwemvelo. Asiza ekulweni nokutheleleka kuze kube yilapho umzimba wakho usukwazi ukwakha izivikelo zawo.

Lezo zindlela zokwelapha ama-antibody e-monoclonal yilezi:

• I-Ebanga®: Lena i-antibody eyodwa ye-monoclonal.
• I-Inmazeb®: Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yama-antibodies amathathu e-monoclonal.

Ochwepheshe bahlole lokhu kwelashwa kuphela kokutheleleka kwe-Zaire ebolavirus.

Odokotela bazophinde basebenzele ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi baphathe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele. Bangase bakunike:

• Uketshezi lwe-IV ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo
• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu
• Ama-Vasopressor okwandisa umfutho wegazi ophansi

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usengozini yokuchayeka ku-Ebola futhi uba nezimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Ungase ube sengozini uma uhlala endaweni lapho kukhona khona izilwane ezinegciwane le-Ebola, noma uma uke waya endaweni enokuqubuka kwe-Ebola.

Ungabuza le mibuzo ngesikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wakho:

• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukusabalalisa i-Ebola kwabanye?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ngithelela isikhathi esingakanani?

Ingabe i-Ebola ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, kukhona umuthi wokugomela obizwa nge-Ervebo® ovikela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Ebola. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abasebenza emalabhorethri anamagciwane e-Ebola (ama-orthoebolavirus) kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo abelapha iziguli ze-Ebola. Usebenza futhi njengokuvimbela ukusabalala kwangaphambi kokusabalala kubantu abaya ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka kwe-Ebola. Uyasebenza futhi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo.

Umuthi wokugomela i-Zabdeno®/Mvabea® uvikela nabantu abadala nezingane ezineminyaka engu-1 ubudala nangaphezulu ezifweni zegciwane le-Ebola. I-Zabdeno ingumthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela, kanti i-Mvabea ingumthamo wokuqinisa onikezwa cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva.

Izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi zisebenza ukulawula ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola ngokuqapha amacala amasha nokugcina abasebenzi bezempilo abelapha iziguli ze-Ebola bephephile. Ungenza futhi lezi zinto ukuze uzivikele ekutholeni i-Ebola:

• Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba kanye nezicubu zabantu nezilwane (eziphilayo noma ezifile) okungenzeka ukuthi bane-Ebola.
• Yeka ukuya ocansini ngokuphelele, noma usebenzise amakhondomu, kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi isidoda sakho asisathelelekile nge-Ebola.
• Uma une-Ebola, zihlukanise nabanye.
• Gwema ukudla inyama yezilwane zasendle.
• Ungathinti uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu one-Ebola. Ngisho noma ugqoka amagilavu, geza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokuzithinta.
• Ungahambi uye ezindaweni lapho kuqubuke khona i-Ebola.
• Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE) lapho unakekela umuntu one-Ebola.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngithola i-Ebola?

Ukuze wandise amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma ugula nge-Ebola, kungcono ukuzihlukanisa nabanye abantu uze ungabe usathelelana. Odokotela nabanye abakunakekelayo kufanele basebenzise imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE) ukuze bazivikele bona nabanye.

Ngemva kokuba usululame ngokugcwele, amasosha omzimba wakho akhiqiza amasosha omzimba akuvikela ku-Ebola iminyaka engaba yi-10.

Igciwane le-Ebola lihlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni wami? Lihlala isikhathi esingakanani esidodeni?

Ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu zakho seziphelile, igciwane le-Ebola lingahlala kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni wakho amasonto noma izinyanga. Lezi zindawo zifaka:

• Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (kufaka phakathi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nentambo yomgogodla)
• Amehlo
• Isidoda

Igciwane le-Ebola lingaphila esidoda isikhathi eside - cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemva kokuba usululame. Odokotela bazokuvivinya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusathelelani. Kodwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi, sebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi socansi ukuvikela abalingani bakho ekuthelelekeni, noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuya ocansini.

Ingabe i-Ebola ingelapheka? (Amanani okusinda)

Yebo, i-Ebola ingelapheka. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okusinda ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo:

• Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, abantu abangu-9 kwabayi-10 abangenwa yigciwane le-Ebola (i-Zaire ebolavirus) bangafa.
• Uma igciwane laseSudan livela, cishe oyedwa kwababili uzofa.
• Uma igciwane le-Bundibugyo livela, cishe iziguli ezintathu kweziyishumi zizofa.
• Umuntu oyedwa kuphela owake wathola i-Ebola ngegciwane laseTaï Forest, futhi alizange libulale.

Izinga lokusinda kuzo zonke izifo ezibangelwa yi-Ebola ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-50%.

Uma une-Ebola, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ingabe i-Ebola isakhona?

Yebo, i-Ebola ibilokhu ikhona ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Ihlala ezilwaneni ezinegciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingasakazekela kubantu. Amacala e-Ebola abikwe nase-United States. Lokho kwakungesikhathi sokuqubuka kuka-2013-2016 eGuinea. Iningi lamacala lalikubasebenzi bezokwelapha ababonise izimpawu ngemuva kokubuya e-United States bevela eNtshonalanga Afrika. Noma kubantu abalethwe e-United States ukuze bathole ukwelashwa ngemva kokuqubuka kwe-Ebola. Akukho hlobo lwegciwane le-Ebola oluthinta abantu oluqale e-United States.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Uma uzwa ngokuqubuka kwe-Ebola, izihloko zezindaba emaphephandabeni nasezindabeni ziyethusa ngempela. Kuyiqiniso. Leli yigciwane elisongela ukuphila elingaba nemiphumela yempilo yesikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemigomo kanye nokwelashwa okungcono kokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-Ebola, abantu abaningi bayasinda ku-Ebola kunanini ngaphambili. Uma usengozini yokuchayeka ku-Ebola, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele futhi uvimbele ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa, naka impilo yakho. Uma uba nezimpawu , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Khumbula, ukuqaphela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela!

I- Ebola, i-EVD, Umkhuhlane Wokopha Okubangelwa Yigciwane, Izimpawu ze-Ebola, Ukudluliswa kwe-Ebola, Ukwelashwa kwe-Ebola, Ukuvimbela i-Ebola