Ingabe ingane yakho encane izizwa ikhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe ibonakala inenkinga yokuphefumula? Ingabe isikhumba sayo ngezinye izikhathi sibukeka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Nakuba lokhu kungaba okuvamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngenxa yenkinga yenhliziyo yokuzalwa nayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo senhliziyo esingavamile kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Leso yi-Ebstein's Anomaly, noma `(Ebstein's Anomaly)`.
Iyini ngempela i-Ebstein's Anomaly?
Kalula nje, lesi yisimo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Okusho ukuthi, isici enhliziyweni esikhula ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Inhliziyo yethu inamakamelo amane, amakamelo amabili aphezulu kanye namakamelo amabili aphansi. Phakathi kwala makamelo kukhona ama-valve asebenza njengeminyango. Lawa alawula ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.
I-Ebstein's Anomaly ithinta kakhulu ivalvu ye-tricuspid, etholakala phakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu (i-atrium yangakwesokudla) kanye negumbi elingezansi (i-ventricle yangakwesokudla) ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko zenzeka kulesi simo:
1. Ivalvu ayibekwanga kahle: Le valve ye-tricuspid ibekwe phansi kakhulu kunalokho okufanele ibe yikho ngokuvamile, ekamelweni eliphansi kwesokudla.
2. Amapheshana e-valve awakheki kahle: Amapheshana e-valve akheke ngendlela engavamile. Ngezinye izikhathi angase anamathele odongeni lwenhliziyo.
Cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo lapho umnyango ungavalwa kahle. Ngendlela efanayo, ngenxa yokuthi leli valvu alivalwa kahle, igazi elidinga ukupompa lisuka ekamelweni elingezansi livuza libuyele ekamelweni eliphezulu.
Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igumbi eliphezulu ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo libe likhulu. Futhi, igumbi elingezansi, elinevalvu ebekwe phansi, linesikhala esincane sokusebenza kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlangothi lwesokudla olukhulisiwe lwenhliziyo lungaba buthaka futhi luze luholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo .
Lesi simo asibathinti bonke abantwana ngendlela efanayo. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, izingane ezine-'Ebstein's Anomaly' zinezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Okuvame kakhulu imbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Atrial Septal Defect - ASD )`.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Ububanzi bezimpawu bubanzi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma isifo sibi kakhulu, izimpawu zingase zivele zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo singesibi kangako, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo kuze kube yilapho ingane isithombile.
| Ithuba | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Izinsana (amacala abucayi) |
|
| Izingane ezindala kanye nabantu abasha |
|
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?
Eqinisweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola imbangela ethile yalokhu. Kodwa odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko zofuzo zingadlala indima. Kukhona futhi inkolelo yokuthi ukuchayeka emithini ethile efana ne -lithium noma i-benzodiazepines ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nakho kungaba yingozi encane. Kodwa lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuhlolwa)
Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, udokotela uzoqala ayihlole ngokucophelela ingane. Ngemuva kwalokho, angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani kahle.
- I-Echocardiogram: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Njengokuskena kwe -ultrasound komntwana osesibelethweni, kuthatha isithombe esiningiliziwe senhliziyo. Kungabonisa ukuthi ama-valve akuphi, ukuma kwawo, ukuthi igazi livuza emuva, ukuthi angakanani, nokuthi amakamelo enhliziyo makhulu kangakanani.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia).
- I-MRI Yenhliziyo: Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile nezinobukhulu obuthathu zenhliziyo nama-valve. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezifana nangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Isivivinyo Sokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca: Ezinganeni ezindala, kwenziwa i-EKG ngenkathi zihamba ku-treadmill. Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo isabela kanjani ekuzikhandleni.
- I-Holter Monitor: Lena idivayisi encane egqokwa emzimbeni amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48. Iqopha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo usuku lonke futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthola noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okwenzeka emini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besifo kanye nezimpawu zengane.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi
Uma izimpawu zingezimbi kakhulu, udokotela angase anqume ukuqapha isimo sengane. Uma kunezimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, anganikeza imithi yokusiza inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kangcono noma yokususa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni. Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungahambi kahle, kukhona nemithi yokukulawula.
Ukuhlinzwa
Uma izimpawu zinzima noma inhliziyo iba buthaka kancane kancane, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukulungiswa Kwevalvu: Odokotela abahlinzayo abakhetha kuqala ukuzama ukulungisa nokulungisa ivalvu yengane. Besebenzisa izicubu zengane, ama-valvu ayalungiswa ukuze asebenze kahle.
- Ukufakwa Kwevalvu: Uma ivalvu yonakele kakhulu, kufakwa ivalvu yokwenziwa endaweni yayo. Lezi zingenziwa ngensimbi (ivalvu yomshini) noma zenziwe ngezicubu zezilwane (ivalvu yebhayoloji). Uma kufakwa ivalvu yensimbi, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yakho yonke.
- Ezinye izinqubo: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, imbobo enhliziyweni (ASD) ingavalwa futhi ingxenye yenhliziyo ebangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-catheter ablation) ingelashwa.
Kwezinye zezimo ezinzima kakhulu, uma kungekho okunye ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kungase kudingeke ukufakelwa inhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile okufanele uziqaphele?
Ingane enalesi simo idinga ukubhekwa impilo yayo yonke ngudokotela wenhliziyo . Ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuvakashela imitholampilo ukuze ihlolwe ngezikhathi ezihleliwe.
Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, qaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Uma isikhumba siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kaningi.
- Uma umsebenzi wengane, ukugijima, nokudlala kuncipha.
- Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Uma uzizwa inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha.
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinjengalezi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Futhi, kwezinye izimo, njengangaphambi kokukhipha amazinyo, udokotela angase akucebise ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic ukuze uvimbele izifo zenhliziyo. Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Ebstein's Anomaly yisimo esingavamile sokuzalwa esithinta i-valve ye-tricuspid yenhliziyo.
- Lesi simo asithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye bangase baphile bengenazo izimpawu, kanti abanye bangase bathinteke kakhulu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuzizwa ukhathele kalula, kanye nokuphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besifo. Imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-valve yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
- Ingane enalesi simo idinga ukubhekwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha impilo yayo yonke. Ukuya njalo emitholampilo nokuhlolwa kungasiza ingane ukuba iphile impilo enempilo.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngengane yakho, ungesabi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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