Uyazi ngalezi zinto ezikuvikelayo? (Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu - I-PPE) Ake sithole ngokuqinisekile!

Cabanga ukuthi uma uya esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, kumelwe ukuthi umbonile udokotela noma umhlengikazi egqoke amagilavu ​​​​mhlawumbe imaski ebusweni bakhe, akunjalo? Yilokho okusetshenziswa yimishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu , noma i-PPE (Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu) . Lokhu akuzona nje izingubo noma imfashini. Lokhu kufana nezihlangu zethu ezikuvikela wena kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo abakwelapha ezingozini ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekusakazekeni kwezifo. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo ze-PPE nokuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe, emndenini wakho, nakubo bonke abakuzungezile.

Iyini i-PPE? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka?

Kalula nje, i-PPE ingaba yinoma iyiphi ingubo noma imishini engakuvikela ezingozini ezahlukahlukene. I-PPE ibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngoba ayivikeli nje kuphela labo abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, kodwa futhi nani enithola izinsizakalo zezokwelapha.

Cabanga ngale ndlela. Ngaphambi kokukwelapha, udokotela noma umhlengikazi wayefaka umuthi enxebeni lomunye umuntu. Bese bengeke beze kuwe begqoke lawo magilavu ​​​​asetshenzisiwe, akunjalo? Babezokhumula lawo magilavu ​​amadala, bawageze noma "bahlanze izandla" zabo, bese bekuphatha ngamagilavu ​​​​amasha, ahlanzekile. Yilokho ukubaluleka kwe-PPE. Ivikela nobabili.

Futhi, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-PPE 'ezifakwe' kumuntu ozisebenzisayo, noma ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze zisetshenziswe. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-PPE ezisetshenziswayo kulo mkhakha wezokwelapha.

Izinhlobo ze-PPE ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-PPE ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha:

• Imishini yokuvikela ubuso nokuphefumula
• Amagilavu
• Izingubo ezimboza futhi zivikele umzimba

Ake sixoxe ngemininingwane ngayinye yalezi zinto.

1. Imishini evikela ubuso kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ikakhulukazi okulandelayo:

• Amamaski obuso: Lawa amamaski alula kakhulu amboza ikhala nomlomo. Lawa amamaski asetshenziswa ngezikhathi zokugula, njengomkhuhlane noma lapho udokotela ekwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile. Nakuba angabukeka "njengamamaski okuhlinzwa", awahlali esezingeni elifanayo.
• Amamaski okuhlinza: Lawa afana namamaski obuso, kodwa eza ngobukhulu obuhlukene kanye namazinga okuhlunga. Kumelwe ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile kunezimaski zobuso ezivamile (isibonelo, e-United States, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ibeka lezi zindinganiso. Iziphathimandla zezempilo ezweni lethu nazo zibeka imithetho yalokhu).
• Ukuvikela amehlo: Izivikelo zobuso nezibuko zivikela amehlo.
• Iziphefumuli ezikhethekile (Iziphefumuli zokuhlunga ubuso - FFRs):Lezi ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye namazinga okuhlunga. Isibonelo, amamaski e-N95, noma ama-respirator asebenzisa ibhethri (ama-PAPR). Lezi zidinga ukulingana kahle ebusweni, zidale uphawu olungangeni moya oluzungeze ikhala nomlomo. Ezinye zinezivikelo zamehlo ezihlanganisiwe.

2. Amagilavu

Akuwona wonke amagilavu ​​​​asetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha afanayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela kumagilavu ​​​​okuhlola alula asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni okuvamile kuya kumagilavu ​​​​okuhlinzwa angenamagciwane. Futhi, amagilavu ​​​​aqinile asetshenziswa lapho kuphathwa imithi ethile noma amakhemikhali awela kulesi sigaba.

3. Izingubo ezimboza futhi zivikele umzimba

Lokhu kufaka phakathi konke kusukela ekukhuhleni okujwayelekile okugqokwa odokotela nabahlengikazi kuya kwezinye izingubo ezikhethekile. Nazi ezinye zezingubo ezivikela kakhulu:

• Ama-apron: Lawa angalahlwa noma aphinde asetshenziswe, futhi kukhona ama-apron enziwe ngezinto ezahlukene ukuze afanele izikhathi ezahlukene.
• Izingubo Zokugqoka: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingubo zokugqoka, njengezingubo zokugqoka zokuhlinzwa kanye nezingubo ezingezona ezokuhlinzwa. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela nasemakliniki.
• Izimbozo: Lezi zinikeza ukumbozwa nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kune-apron noma ingubo. Zenzelwe ukumboza umzimba wonke.
• Izembozo zezinyawo: Kunezinhlobo eziningi, kusukela ezimbozweni zezicathulo ezilahlwayo kuya ezicathulweni ezingavikela uketshezi noma amakhemikhali.
• Ukumboza ikhanda: Amanye amadivayisi e-PPE aklanyelwe ukumboza ikhanda lonke ngesimo se-hood enkulu. Lokhu kungavikela ikhanda kumagciwane kanye noketshezi lomzimba.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuphepha ze-PPE?

Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi kufanele sisebenzise nini futhi hlobo luni lwe-PPE. Ochwepheshe bahlela lezi zinhlobo ze-PPE ngokwendlela isifo esidluliselwa ngayo (izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisekelwe ekudlulisweni) . Okusho ukuthi, uhlobo lwe-PPE oludingekayo lunqunywa ukuthi isifo esithile sisakazeka kanjani.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu ​​​​kube yinto ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokuqapha. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-face mask kanye nama-surgical mask kuvamile, kuye ngesimo.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe, kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani:

• I-Bloodborne
• Ukudluliselwa ngokuxhumana
• Ukudluliselwa ngamaconsi okuphefumula (i-Droplet)
• Ukudluliswa komoya

Ake sibheke lezi ngazinye.

1. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibangelwa igazi

Lezi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni eziningi zezokwelapha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izisebenzi zezempilo ziyawasebenzisa amagilavu. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa neminye imishini ingasetshenziswa kuye ngesimo. Isibonelo:

• Imaski
• Amamaski wamehlo nobuso
• Izembozo zomzimba (njengezigqoko, ama-gown)
• Imishini edingekayo ukuze kuphathwe futhi kulahlwe izinto ezibukhali ngokuphephile (njengezinaliti)

2. Izindlela zokuphepha zokuthintana nezifo ezidluliselwa ngokuxhumana

Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zithathwa ukuze kuvikelwe izifo ezingasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye noma ngokuthinta into noma indawo. I-PPE ejwayelekile yalokhu amagilavu ​​​​nezingubo ezilahlwayo . Isibonelo, uma udokotela edinga ukusebenzisa umshini ovamile njenge-stethoscope, uzosebenzisa "olahlwayo osetshenziswa kanye".

Ezinye izibonelo zezifo ezidluliselwa ngokuxhumana:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) okumelana ne-Methicillin
• Ukutheleleka kwesisu, njenge-Norovirus noma i-Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
• Okunye ukulimala okuvamile noma izifo zesikhumba

Uma kunengozi yokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lapho welapha isiguli kanje, izisebenzi zezempilo zisebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela eyengeziwe.

3. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela amaconsi ezifweni ezidluliselwa ngamaconsi okuphefumula

Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zithathwa ukuze kuvikelwe izifo ezisakazeka ngamaconsi amancane ('amaconsi') aphuma emilonyeni nasemakhaleni ethu lapho sikhwehlela, sithimula, siphefumula, futhi sikhuluma. Isibonelo, lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ziyadingeka ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-'Influenza' kanye ne-'COVID-19'. I-PPE esetshenziswa kulokhu yile:

• Izembozo zobuso namehlo ezifana namamaski okuhlinzwa, izihlangu zobuso, noma izibuko
• Izembozo zomzimba ezifana nezingubo zokugqoka, ama-apron, kanye nezembozo
• Izembozo zezinyawo, njengezihlangu noma izembozo zezicathulo

4. Izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqhutshwa emoyeni

Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqapha esiqine kakhulu . Sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela amagciwane angakwazi ukusinda emoyeni noma ezindaweni isikhathi eside. I-PPE edingekayo kulokhu yile:

• Ama-respirator afakwe ngokukhethekile, isibonelo `ama-FFR (njenge-N95)`
• Amamaski wamehlo nobuso
• Izimbozo zomzimba ezifana nama-apron, izimbozo, noma izingubo ezilahlwayo
• Izembozo zezinyawo, njengezihlangu noma izembozo zezicathulo

Izibonelo zezifo ezibangelwa umoya:

• Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-'Tuberculosis' noma i-'Anthrax'
• Isimungumungwane, esibangelwa amagciwane, noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-herpes zoster (ama-shingles) ezithelelanayo kakhulu (esinye isifo esithinta abantu abake baba ne-chickenpox)

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-PPE ezingezona ezezokwelapha?

Ngisho nangale kwezindawo zezokwelapha, ukusebenzisa i-PPE kungavimbela ukulimala noma izifo ezinkulu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ze-PPE engeyona eyezokwelapha:

• Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula: Ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezincane ezikhishwa ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokubaza, ukumba, kanye nokumba. Zisetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela emisipheni enobuthi evela kupende namakhemikhali.
• Ukuvikela izingxenye zomzimba ezingozini: izigqoko zokuzivikela, amabhuzu aqinisiwe ukuvikela izinyawo ezintweni ezisindayo, njll.
• Isivikelo sokuzwa: Sebenzisa ama-earplug noma amanye amadivayisi ukuvikela izindlebe zakho emisindweni emikhulu.
• Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo: Izinto ezifana nezingubo zokuvikela amehlo (ezivimbela ukusha kwe-retinal) ezisetshenziswa ngabashiseli, kanye nezibuko noma izihlangu ezingamelani nokushayisana ukuze zivikele amehlo emfucumfucwini endizayo.
• Ukuphepha Kokudla: Izinto ezifana nama-hairnet namagilavu ​​​​zingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi ezibangelwa ukudla.

Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-PPE eziqondene ngqo nengozi ethile. Izibonelo:

• Izingubo ezingashisi kanye nezingubo zokuphuma ezigqokwa abacishi bomlilo.
• Amagilavu ​​​​erabha asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ugesi.
• Izingubo zokusika zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela emishinini ehamba ngokushesha njengezinsimbi zokusika izinsimbi.
• Izingubo nezingubo ezingamelani namakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ezimweni zokuchitheka kwamakhemikhali anobuthi.
• Imishini yokuzivikela yezempi, isibonelo 'i-MOPP (Mission-Oriented Protective Posture) gear'.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-PPE ezingezona ezezokwelapha, kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi noma umsebenzi. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungathola usizo ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni endaweni noma ezweni lakini.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) ibalulekile ekukugcineni uphephile futhi uphilile. Nakuba kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke kulabo abasezimbonini ezithile, kunezindlela eziningi i-PPE engasiza ngazo wonke umuntu.

Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho ethola ukwelashwa, ungangabazi ukucela ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinyathelo zokulawula ukutheleleka. Ukuqonda i-PPE kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha kungenza umehluko omkhulu kubo bonke abathintekayo. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto eza kuqala kubo!

Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu, i-PPE, imaski yezokwelapha, imaski yobuso, amagilavu, ukudluliswa kwezifo, ukulawulwa kokutheleleka, izingubo zokuzivikela, ukuvikelwa kwezempilo