Iyini le 'epithelium' ekhona yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi isikhumba sethu sisivikela kanjani? Noma ukuthi simunca kanjani izakhamzimba ekudleni esikudlayo, noma ukuthi sizigcina kanjani izinto ezinjengothuli zingangeni emizimbeni yethu lapho siphefumula? Lesi zicubu esikhethekile esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla sihlobene nazo zonke lezi zinto. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-epithelium . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama kudokotela. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi liyini, ukuthi litholakala kuphi emzimbeni, nokuthi lenzani.

Iyini i-Epithelium? Kalula nje...

I-epithelium uhlobo olukhethekile lwezicubu emzimbeni wethu . Cabanga ngakho, imboza cishe yonke indawo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wethu, imboze ingaphakathi lemifantu nezitho ezingenalutho, futhi iyizicubu eziyinhloko ezindlala zethu.

Manje ungase uzibuze, le ngxenye yezicubu ze-epithelial yenzani emzimbeni wethu? Empeleni, inemisebenzi eminingi kuye ngokuthi ikuphi . Emikhulu ukuvikela, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokumuncwa kwezinto ezidingekayo .

Cishe uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezicubu emzimbeni wethu:

• Izicubu ze-epithelial
• Izicubu ezixhumeneyo
• Izicubu zemisipha
• Izicubu ezithukile

Kulezi, izicubu ze-epithelial zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba uma into ethile idinga ukungena noma ukuphuma ezithweni zethu, kumele iqale idlule kulesi zicubu ze-epithelial .

Ungacabanga ukuthi zingaki izindawo ezitholakala emzimbeni wethu lezi zicubu ze-epithelial. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ungqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis)
• Ulwelwesi olungaphakathi kwamathumbu akho
• Ulwelwesi olungaphakathi kwemigudu yakho yomoya
• Ulwelwesi olungaphakathi kwesisu sakho
• Izindlala zakho zokujuluka

Izicubu ze-epithelial zitholakala yonke indawo.

Ngakho-ke, ayini amaseli e-epithelial?

Kulula kakhulu. Izicubu ze-epithelial zakhiwe ngamaseli e-epithelial . Lawa maseli angaba nezimo ezahlukahlukene, futhi angahlelwa ngesendlalelo esisodwa noma ngezingqimba eziningi. Kuya ngokuthi amangqamuzana akuphi emzimbeni nokuthi enza umsebenzi onjani.

Ku-biology, iseli liyunithi encane kakhulu yokuphila engasinda yodwa. Imizimba yethu yakhiwe yizigidigidi zala maseli. Iseli ngokuvamile linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Ulwelwesi lweseli: Lolu ulwelwesi oluzungeze iseli. Lulawula okungena nokuphumayo eseli.
• I-Nucleus: Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeseli. Iqukethe ulwazi oluningi lwezakhi zofuzo zeseli, noma i-DNA .
• I-Cytoplasm:Lena yingxenye ewuketshezi ngaphakathi kweseli. Iqukethe ezinye izingxenye zeseli, izakhiwo ezincane ezenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli, ikakhulukazi amaseli e-epithelial, zinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ebusweni bazo ezizisiza ukuthi zenze imisebenzi yazo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Microvilli: Lezi zifana neminwe emincane ephuma ebusweni bamaseli. Kodwa azinyakazi. Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukwandisa indawo engaphezulu yeseli. Lokhu kuvumela iseli ukuthi limunce izinto eziningi. Isibonelo, amaseli e-epithelial emathunjini akho amancane anezinkulungwane zala ma-microvilli . Lezi yizo ezikusiza ukuthi umunce izakhamzimba ekudleni okudlayo, futhi zisiza nokuvikela umzimba wakho kumagciwane asemathunjini akho.
• I-Cilia: Lezi ziyizakhiwo ezincane kakhulu, ezifana nezinwele, ezinyakazayo. Zitholakala ebusweni bamaseli. Zingahambisa iseli lonke, noma zihambise izinto ebusweni bangaphandle beseli. Iseli eline-cilia livame ukuba namakhulu e-cilia. Cabanga ngakho, amaseli e-epithelial endleleni yakho yokuphefumula anala ma-cilia . Uma uphefumula uthuli nezinye izinhlayiya, abanjwa kula ma-cilia, awahambise emakhaleni, awavikele ekungeneni emaphashini. Esinye isibonelo ngamaseli e-epithelial kumashubhu e-Fallopian abesifazane. Lawa asiza ukuhambisa iqanda lisuka esibelethweni liye esibelethweni.
• I-Stereocilia: Empeleni lezi ziwuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-microvilli. Kodwa zibukeka zifana ne-cilia. Ziyizinto ezibonakalayo ezivela ebusweni bamanye amaseli e-epithelial. Lezi zi-stereocilia zibalulekile ekuzweni nasekulinganiseni izicubu ze-epithelial zendlebe yakho yangaphakathi .

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli e-epithelial akhona?

Ngenxa yokuthi izicubu ze-epithelial zinemisebenzi ehlukene, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli e-epithelial, kuye ngokuthi akuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.

Izinhlobo zamaseli e-epithelial ngesimo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli ngokusekelwe esimweni sawo:

• I-epithelium ye-squamous: Lawa maseli ayizicaba, njengeqabunga.
• I-epithelium ye-Cuboidal: Lawa maseli anesimo se-cuboidal, okusho ukuthi alingana ngokuphakama, ububanzi, kanye nokujula.
• I-epithelium yekholomu: Lawa maseli akhiwe njengensika, okusho ukuthi made kakhulu kunalokho abanzi.

Izinhlobo ezisekelwe endleleni amaseli ahlelwe ngayo

Izicubu ze-epithelial nazo ziyahluka ngendlela amaseli ahlelwe ngayo:

• Okulula: I-epithelium elula yileyo enesendlalelo esisodwa samaseli .
• I-stratified: I-epithelium e-stratified yakhiwe ngamaseli angaphezu kweyodwa .
• Okungahleliwe:Lona ukhethekile kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli ahlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​futhi eza ngobukhulu obuhlukene, kubonakala sengathi kunezingqimba eziningi. Kodwa empeleni kukhona ungqimba olulodwa lwamaseli .

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli e-epithelial emzimbeni wakho?

Manje, ngokuhlanganisa isimo esixoxe ngaso ngenhla kanye nendlela izingqimba zamaseli ezihlelwe ngayo, singabona izinhlobo eziningana zezicubu ze-epithelial. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-epithelium elula ye-squamous: Lolu hlobo luvame ukubopha imithambo yegazi kanye nemigodi yomzimba futhi lulawula ukudlula kwezinto eziya ezicutshini ezingaphansi.
• I-epithelium elula ye-cuboidal: Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ezicutshini ze-glandular (ezikhiqiza uketshezi) kanye nama-reso tubules.
• I-epithelium elula yekholomu: Lawa avame ukukhethelwa ukumuncwa. Lawa maseli avame ukuba ne-cilia noma i-microvilli ebusweni bawo. Lawa maseli agcwele isisu sakho namathumbu.
• I-epithelium ye-squamous ehlanganisiwe: Lolu hlobo lwezicubu luvame ukuba nemisebenzi yokuvikela. Isibonelo, ukuvikela izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba sakho ezifweni ezincane noma ekulimaleni kwamanzi. Ungqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis) lwakhiwe yilawa maseli e-epithelial ye-squamous ehlanganisiwe.
• I-epithelium ye-cuboidal ene-stratified: Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu. Lungatholakala emigudwini yokukhipha amathe kanye nezindlala zokujuluka.
• I-stratified columnar epithelium: Lokhu futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Kutholakala ku-mucous membrane (conjunctiva) emboza amehlo akho. Kuhlinzeka ngesivikelo futhi kukhipha i-mucus.
• I-Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Lolu hlobo lugudla umgudu wakho wokuphefumula ongaphezulu. Ngokuvamile lune-cilia eningi.

Amaseli e-Epithelial anemisebenzi ekhethekile

Kukhona amanye amaseli e-epithelial angahlukaniswa ngokwemisebenzi yawo ethile.

• I-epithelium yesikhashana: Ibizwa nangokuthi i-urothelium . Yakhiwe ngezendlalelo eziningana zamaseli. Into ekhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi uma yelulwa, la maseli ayacaba. Ahlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yomgudu wakho womchamo . Futhi yizicubu ezivumela isinyi sakho ukuba sande.
• I-epithelium ye-glandular:Lolu hlobo lwe-epithelium lukhethekile ukukhiqiza nokukhipha izinto. Lezi zitholakala ezindlala zakho. Izindlala ziyizitho ezikhethekile ezingenza, zigcine, futhi/noma zikhiphe izinto ezifana nama-hormone, amaprotheni, namanzi.
• I-Olfactory epithelium: Lokhu kutholakala ngaphakathi kwekhala lakho. Iqukethe amaseli e-olfactory receptor . Lawa maseli anezakhiwo ezinde, ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia. Uma uphefumula, ama-molecule ephunga abanjwa yi-cilia njengoba edlula kulobu buso be-epithelial. Ulwazi mayelana nalawo ma-molecule luhamba lusuka kuma-receptor luye ku-bulb ye-olfactory ebuchosheni bakho. Yilapho ubuchopho bakho buchaza khona ukuthi liyini lelo phunga.

Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani ngempela ezicutshini ze-epithelial? (Imisebenzi)

Manje usungabona ukuthi izicubu ze-epithelial zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Zenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile empilweni yethu. Njengoba amangqamuzana e-epithelial etholakala kuwo wonke umzimba, umsebenzi wawo kanye nenhloso yawo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi akuphi.

Izicubu ze-Epithelial zenza umsebenzi owodwa noma eminingi yale misebenzi elandelayo:

• Isivikelo: Izicubu ze-epithelial zivikela izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wethu. Isibonelo, isikhumba sakho sakhiwe izicubu ze-epithelial . Sivikela izicubu, imithambo yegazi, imisipha, kanye nezitho zangaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ngokufanayo, i-cilia emaseli e-epithelial amboze amathumbu akho ivikela wonke umzimba wakho kumagciwane asemathunjini.
• Ukukhishelwa: Izicubu ze-epithelial ezindlaleni zakho (i-glandular epithelium) zingakhipha ama-enzyme, ama-hormone, kanye noketshezi oluhlukahlukene.
• Ukumunca: Izicubu ze-epithelial ezimboze izitho zakho zangaphakathi, njengesibindi namaphaphu akho, zingamunca izinto ezithile. Isibonelo, ulwelwesi lwe-epithelial olungaphakathi kwamathumbu akho lumunca izakhamzimba ekudleni okudlayo .
• Ukukhipha: Ukukhipha indle kuyinqubo yokukhipha indle emzimbeni. Izicubu ze-epithelial ezinso zakho zikhipha indle . Futhi izicubu ze-epithelial ezindlaleni zakho zokujuluka zikhipha umjuluko.
• Ukuhlunga: I-epithelium esemgudwini wakho wokuphefumula ihlanza umoya owuphefumulayo ngokuhlunga uthuli nezinhlayiya zokungcola . Ngokufanayo, izicubu ze-epithelial ezinso zakho zihlunga igazi lakho.
• Ukusabalala: Ku-biology, ukusabalala ukuhamba kwama-molecule noma izinhlayiya kusuka endaweni yokuhlushwa okuphezulu kuya endaweni yokuhlushwa okuphansi. I-membrane elula eyenziwe ngamaseli e-epithelial ingavumela kuphela izinto ezikhethiwe ukuthi zidlule kuyo. Le nqubo yokusabalala isiza emisebenzini efana nokuhlunga, ukumunca, kanye nokukhipha.
• Ukwamukelwa kwezinzwa:Imizimba yethu ithola ulwazi lwezinzwa oluvela ezweni langaphandle ngenxa yeziphetho zemizwa ezifakwe ezicutshini ze-epithelial. Isibonelo, i-stereocilia ebusweni bezicubu ze-epithelial endlebeni yakho ibalulekile ekuzweni nasekulinganiseni . Ngokufanayo, ama-nambitheka olimini lwakho afakwe e-epithelium ehlanganisiwe yolimi lwakho.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta izicubu ze-epithelial?

Ingozi enkulu ngezicubu ze-epithelial ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezimo zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezifana ne -adenocarcinoma noma i-papillary thyroid carcinoma .

I-Adenocarcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta izicubu ze-epithelial ze-glandular ezithinta izitho zomzimba. Luhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu oluvela ezithweni zomzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:

• Iningi lomdlavuza wendlala
• Umdlavuza webele omningi
• Cishe ama-96% omdlavuza we-colorectal
• Cishe ama-95% omdlavuza we-pancreatic
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona amangqamuzana amancane ubanga cishe u-40% wawo wonke umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

I-papillary thyroid carcinoma ibangela cishe u-80% womdlavuza we-thyroid. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula kancane. Ngisho noma lusakazekela kuma-lymph node entanyeni, lesi sifo sisabela kahle ekwelashweni. Siyelapheka kakhulu futhi asivamile ukuba yingozi.

Ngaphezu komdlavuza, ezinye izinkinga ezihilela izicubu ze-epithelial zingavela ezithweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• I-asthma: I-asthma yisimo lapho imigudu yakho yomoya iba mincane, ivuvuke, futhi mhlawumbe ikhiqize amafinyila amaningi. Kulokhu, i-epithelium ye-bronchial yemigudu yomoya iyashintsha futhi ibe buthakathaka.
• Isifo se-Celiac: Uma umuntu onesifo se-celiac edla i-gluten (iphrotheni etholakala kokunye okusanhlamvu), amasosha omzimba akhe ahlasela futhi alimaze i-microvilli kumaseli e-epithelial asemathunjini akhe. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngamathumbu ukumunca izakhamzimba ngendlela efanele.
• Izinhlobo ze-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1-4: I-HPV ingabangela izinhlungu emaseli e-epithelial engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis).
• I-Vertigo: I-Vertigo yisimo esibangela umuzwa wokujikeleza. Ingaba nezimbangela eziningana. Imbangela eyodwa ukunqwabelana okungavamile kwamaseli e-epithelial ahlukaniswe ngama-stratified ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho (okubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesteatoma ). Uma ingelashwa, ingabangela i-vertigo (izinkinga zokulinganisela) kanye nezinkinga zokuzwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezihlola amaseli e-epithelial?

Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana e-epithelial atholakala ezindaweni eziningana ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa ezihlola amangqamuzana e-epithelial ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ahilelekile yini ezifweni ezithile. Kwezokwelapha, i-pathology ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana ezicutshini zomzimba noma amasampula oketshezi elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale isifo. Usosayensi ohlola lawa maseli ubizwa ngokuthi i-pathologist .

Ezinye izibonelo zokuhlolwa okuhlobene nezicubu ze-epithelial:

• Amaseli e-Epithelial emchameni: Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlolwa okulinganisa izinto ezahlukene emchameni wakho. Ingxenye yalokho inani lamaseli e-epithelial emchameni. Uchwepheshe welebhu uzobheka isampula yomchamo wakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi inani lamaseli e-epithelial lingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile. Kujwayelekile ukuba namaseli ambalwa e-epithelial emchameni wakho. Kodwa uma unawo amaningi, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka, isifo sezinso, noma esinye isimo esibi .
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear / Pap: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola amangqamuzana e-epithelial angajwayelekile emlonyeni wesibeletho anomdlavuza noma angase abe nomdlavuza. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, umhlinzeki wezempilo uthatha isampula yamangqamuzana emlonyeni wesibeletho bese ewahlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Ezinye izivivinyo ze-biopsy: I-biopsy ukuhlolwa (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope) kwezicubu ezisusiwe engxenyeni yomzimba ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zesifo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-biopsy ezihlaziya amangqamuzana e-epithelial. Isibonelo, i-prostate biopsy ihilela ukuthatha amangqamuzana e-epithelial avela ku-prostate ngenaliti nokuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. I-biopsy yesifo se-celiac ihilela ukuthatha amangqamuzana e-epithelial olwelwesini lwamathumbu amancane nge- endoscopy nokuhlola umonakalo ku-microvilli emaseli.
• Ezinye izivivinyo ze-Cytology (izivivinyo ze-Cytology / Cytopathology): I-Cytology ukuhlolwa kwamaseli avela ezicutshini zomzimba noma uketshezi ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Kunezivivinyo eziningi ze-cytology ezibandakanya amaseli e-epithelial, njenge-cytology yabesifazane, i-cytology ye-thyroid, i-cytology yokuphefumula, kanye ne-cytology yamehlo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-epithelium, i-endothelium, ne-mesothelium?

La magama amathathu angadida ngoba azwakala efana kancane. I-Epithelium, i-endothelium , kanye ne -mesothelium yizinhlobo ezintathu zezingqimba zamaseli e-epithelial ezihlanganisa izitho zethu zangaphakathi, imigodi yomzimba, futhi zakha ungqimba lwangaphandle lwesikhumba sethu.

• I-epithelium ivame ukuvala imigudu evulekela indawo engaphandle, isibonelo indlela yakho yokuphefumula kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
• I-Endothelium ivame ukumboza imigudu yangaphakathi yomzimba wonke, isibonelo uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi (imithambo yegazi) kanye ne-cornea yeso lakho.
• I-mesothelium ivala izikhala zomzimba wakho ezinkulu. Isibonelo, ingaphakathi lesisu (i-peritoneum), ingaphakathi lamaphaphu (i-pleura), kanye nengaphakathi lenhliziyo (i-pericardium). I-mesothelium ikhipha uketshezi olugcobayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-serous fluid .

Izicubu ze-epithelial uhlobo lwezicubu ezenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho nasempilweni. Cishe uke wezwa udokotela wakho esebenzisa igama elithi "epithelium" lapho ekhuluma ngezivivinyo ezithile noma izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kunamagama amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi nangavamile njengalawa emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Uma ungaqiniseki ngegama udokotela wakho alisebenzisayo, ungesabi ukumbuza ukuthi lisho ukuthini.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi unombono olula ngale 'epithelium' esikhulume ngayo namuhla.

• I-Epithelium iyisicubu esikhethekile esisebenza njengesimbozo futhi sitholakala cishe yonke indawo emizimbeni yethu. Sitholakala ezindaweni ezifana nesikhumba, amathumbu, kanye nendlela yokuphefumula.
• Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, njengokuvikela , ukukhishwa, kanye nokumuncwa .
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli e-epithelial kuye ngesimo sawo kanye nokuhleleka kwawo.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza , zingathinta lesi zicubu ze-epithelial, futhi zihlobene nezimo ezifana ne-asthma nesifo se-celiac.
• Impilo yala maseli ingabonakala ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene (ukuhlolwa komchamo, i-Pap smears, i-biopsies) .

Ukuqaphela umzimba wakho kuzokusiza kakhulu ukuthi uhlale uphilile. Ngakho-ke, yiba nesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngalezi zinto.

i- epithelium, amaseli e-epithelial, izicubu, isembozo somzimba, izindlala, ukuvikelwa, ukukhishwa, ukumuncwa, izinhlobo zamaseli, i-squamous, i-cuboidal, i-columnar, i-stratified, elula, i-pseudostratified, umdlavuza, i-adenocarcinoma, i-pap smear