Igama elithi "imisebe" cishe likwenza wesabe kancane. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa komdlavuza, lokho kwesaba kungaba kukhulu nakakhulu. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ngokungafani nesikhathi esidlule, lokhu kwelashwa manje kungenziwa ngokunembe nangokucophelela. Ngakho-ke namuhla sikhuluma ngokwelashwa kwemisebe okuvame kakhulu komdlavuza, i-External Beam Radiation Therapy, noma i-EBRT ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, iyini i-EBRT?
Ake uzicabange ulele kahle embhedeni. Ngaphandle kokuthinta umzimba wakho, umshini omkhulu kude uqhumisa imisebe yemisebe eklanywe kahle, eqondiswe kuphela esimila emzimbeni wakho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-EBRT.
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo azungezile ngenkathi kubhujiswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yangaphandle, ngakho akukho lutho olufakwa emzimbeni wakho.
Kulokhu kwelashwa, umshini wokukhipha imisebe awulokothi uthinte umzimba wakho. Esikhundleni salokho, ithimba lezokwelapha lihlela umshini ukuze uhlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela kude, liwabhubhise.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphandle nangaphakathi?
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Lena yindlela esikhuluma ngayo. Ihilela ukukhishwa kwemisebe emshinini ongaphandle komzimba.
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphakathi: Lokhu kuhilela ukufakwa kwedivayisi encane enemisebe ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa.
Nakuba zombili lezi zindlela zibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, indlela ezikwenza ngayo ihlukile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemisebe yamandla ezisetshenziswa kulokhu kwelashwa?
Imisebe iwumsebe wamandla oqukethe izinhlayiya ezishajelwe kakhulu. Lezi zinhlayiya zinamandla okubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Inselele enkulu yalokhu kwelashwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlayiya kulokhu.
- Ama-photon (ama-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-gamma): Lawa asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-EBRT. Afana nemisebe ye-X enamandla aphezulu. Angangena ajule ezicutshini zakho futhi abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ama-Proton:Lezi yizinhlayiya ezineshaja enhle. Ukwelashwa okusetshenziswayo kubizwa ngokuthi `(Proton Therapy)`. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha kakhulu. Okukhethekile lapha ukuthi ngemva kokuba ugongolo lwe-proton lushaye isimila somdlavuza, luyayeka ngaphandle kokudlulela ngale kwaso. Ngakho-ke, umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo eziseduze nomdlavuza mncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokwelapha ayikavamile kakhulu emhlabeni.
- Ama-electron: Lawa yizinhlayiya ezine-negative charge. Azikwazi ukuhamba zijule njenge-photon noma ama-proton. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izimila ebusweni bomzimba, njengomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Kwezokwelapha eziningi ze-EBRT, umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-``Linear Accelerator`` (LINAC) usetshenziselwa ukusheshisa lezi zinhlayiya nokuziletha emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha nge-EBRT?
Yebo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, manje sekukhona amasu nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwe-EBRT. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho nendawo okuyo, udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu kuwe.
| Uhlobo Lokwelapha | Kalula nje... (Incazelo Elula) |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Ye-3D Conformal | Kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana ne-CT scan, kudalwa imodeli yomdlavuza enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) bese imisebe yemisebe iqondiswa kuyo ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze ifane nayo. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Okuguquliwe Kakhulu (IMRT) | Leli yithuba elithuthukile endleleni ye-3D. Lapha, akusikho nje kuphela ukuma kwesimila okungabhekiswa kuso, kodwa nezindawo ezinamaseli amaningi omdlavuza zingelashwa ngamandla amaningi , kanti nezindawo ezinamandla amancane zingelashwa ngamandla amancane . |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Okuqondiswa Yizithombe (IGRT) | Ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye, kuthathwa iskeni yesithombe (njenge-CT scan) ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile indawo yomdlavuza bese kuba nemisebe. Lokhu kwenza ukunemba kube phezulu kakhulu. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemisebe Ye-Stereotactic (isb. Ummese We-Gamma) | Lokhu akusikho ukuhlinzwa, yize kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa." Kuyindlela yokunikeza imithamo ephezulu kakhulu yemisebe ezinhlamvini ezincane ebuchosheni, kungaba ngomjovo owodwa noma ngemijovo eminingi, ngendlela enembile kakhulu. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yomzimba E-Stereotactic (SBRT) | Le ndlela ifana nale engenhla, kodwa isetshenziselwa umdlavuza ongaphandle kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana namaphaphu, isibindi kanye nomgogodla. |
| Imisebe Yangaphakathi Kokuhlinzwa (IORT) | Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza. Imisebe inikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezingxenyeni zomdlavuza ezazingenakukwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamacala ezisetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwe-EBRT?
Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningana eziyinhloko.
- Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza: I-EBRT isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
- Ukusekela ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ukwelashwa kwe-neo-adjuvant) noma ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza okusolwa ukuthi asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi (ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant).
- Ukuqeda izimpawu: Nakuba kwezinye izimo umdlavuza ungelapheki ngokuphelele, lokhu kwelashwa kusiza ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obubangelwa izimila zomdlavuza nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza eziphathwa nge-EBRT
I-EBRT iyindlela yokwelapha enkulu yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wendawo, njenge:
- Umdlavuza webele
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
- Umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokwelashwa? (Isigaba sokuhlela)
Lesi sigaba sokuhlela, esaziwa nangokuthi "ukulingisa", siyingxenye ebalulekile yempumelelo yokwelashwa kwe-EBRT. Sihilela ukulungiselela konke ukwelashwa kwakho kokuqala.
1. Indawo:Uzobekwa embhedeni ngalolu suku lokuhlela, njengoba nje wawunjalo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
2. Ukuskena: Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa i-CT, i-MRI, noma i-PET scan ukuze kutholakale izithombe ezinembile zomdlavuza wakho kanye nezitho zomzimba eziphilile ezizungezile. Yilokhu okusiza ekunqumeni usayizi oqondile, ukuma, kanye nendawo yomdlavuza.
3. Ukumaka: Okulandelayo, kuzokwenziwa amamaki ambalwa amancane kakhulu, afana namachashazi esikhumbeni sakho ngepeni ukuze kutholakale indawo okufanele iphathwe. Lawa kufanele agcinwe endaweni yawo kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokwelashwa.
4. Ukwenza Izikhunta/Amamaski: Ukuze kukusize uhlale unganyakazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kungenziwa isikhunta noma imaski ekhethekile ukuze ilingane nengxenye yomzimba wakho.
Besebenzisa lolu lwazi, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizochitha izinsuku eziningana lidala uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe ngqo.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Ngeke uzizwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Uzobekwa endaweni efanayo naleyo owawukuyo ngesikhathi sokulingisa. Uma kudingeka, uzonikezwa imaski noma i-splint ekhethekile. Ngemuva kwalokho udokotela wezokwelapha ngemisebe uzophuma ekamelweni avule umshini. Kodwa-ke , bangase bakubuke besebenzisa i-monitor futhi bakhulume nawe nge-intercom .
Umshini ujikeleza nxazonke zakho, wenza imisindo ehlukene, futhi ugxilise imisebe ezindaweni ezithile. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuhlala uzolile, uthule, futhi uphefumule ngendlela evamile. Ukwelashwa konke kungathatha cishe imizuzu eyi-15-30. Kodwa-ke, imisebe empeleni isetshenziswa imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile?
Ngisho noma sizama ukunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli aphilile ngangokunokwenzeka, kunzima ukuvimbela umonakalo othile. Umonakalo kula maseli aphilile yiwona obangela imiphumela emibi.
Okubalulekile, le miphumela emibi ayifani kuwo wonke umuntu . Iphinde incike engxenyeni yomzimba ephathwa ngemisebe. Isibonelo, umuntu othola ukwelashwa ekhanda angase alahlekelwe izinwele, kodwa umuntu othola ukwelashwa esiswini angase angakwenzi lokho.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi evamile engabonakala yile:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala): Lona umphumela ovame kakhulu.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ubomvu, ukoma, noma ukulunywa kwesikhumba endaweni yokwelashwa
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele endaweni ephathwayo
- Ubunzima bokugwinya uma welapha umlomo nomphimbo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
Iningi lale miphumela emibi liyancipha kancane kancane phakathi namasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi ethile ongase uyizwe nokuthi ungayilawula kanjani.Uma kukhona imiphumela emibi emibi kakhulu noma uzizwa ungavamile, yazisa udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokwelapha ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-EBRT iyindlela yokwelapha evamile kakhulu, engenabuhlungu, futhi ehloselwe kakhulu esetshenziswa umdlavuza namuhla.
- Lokhu kwenziwa yithimba lodokotela abangochwepheshe. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela ngenkathi kuvikelwa amangqamuzana anempilo.
- Imiphumela emibi ivamile, kodwa ivame ukuba yesikhashana. Uhlobo lwemiphumela emibi eyenzeka luncike endaweni yomzimba ephathwayo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nangokwethembeka nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa, imiphumela emibi, noma yikuphi ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
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