Ufunda lesi sihloko usebenzisa amehlo akho. Amehlo ethu asisiza sibone ubuhle bezwe elisizungezile, siqaphele abathandekayo bethu, futhi sigweme ingozi endleleni. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zimangalisa kangakanani izindlela ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwalesi sitho esincane? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngamehlo ethu, asebenza njengamakhamera obuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Sizibona kanjani ngempela izinto?
Kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda lokhu. Cabanga ngamehlo ethu njengasebenza njengekhamera. Uma sibheka okuthile, ukukhanya okuvela kuleyo nto kungena emehlweni ethu.
Lokhu kukhanya okungena esweni kudlula ezingxenyeni eziningana ngaphakathi kweso futhi kugxile, njengelensi yekhamera. Lokhu kukhanya okugxile kuhamba kushaye ingxenye efana nesikrini ngemuva kweso. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-retina.
I-retina iqukethe izigidi zamaseli azwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni. Uma ukukhanya kushaya la maseli, izimpawu zokukhanya ziguqulwa zibe izimpawu zikagesi. Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zithunyelwa ebuchosheni bethu nge-optic nerve, esebenza njengekhebula ledatha. Ubuchopho "buyafunda" lezi zimpawu futhi buhumushe lokho esikubonayo njengesithombe. Lonke lolu hlelo lwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Akumangalisi yini?
Kukhona into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule lapha. "Ukubona" kanye "nokubona" yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ukubona kuyinqubo yokususa ukukhanya emehlweni bese ukukuthumela ebuchosheni. Ukubona kuyinqubo yonke yobuchopho echaza lezo zimpawu bese iziveza kithi njengesithombe.
Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zeso lethu?
Amehlo ethu ayizitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze zisebenze kahle, zonke lezi zingxenye kudingeka zibe nempilo enhle. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zingxenye nokuthi zenzani.
| Ingxenye | Kwenzekani ngalokho? (Umsebenzi) |
|---|---|
| I-Cornea | Lona ulwelwesi olubonakalayo ngaphambili kweso. Lufana nefasitela lemoto. Yilapho ukukhanya okungena esweni kuqala khona. |
| I-Sclera | Lena yingxenye yeso lethu esiyibona imhlophe. Le ngxenye inikeza inhlamvu yeso ukuma kwayo namandla ayo. |
| Iris | Lena yingxenye enika iso umbala walo. Yingakho amehlo omuntu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yilokhu okulawula inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. |
| Umfundi | Indilinga emnyama phakathi kweqoqo lezinkanyezi. Ilawula inani lokukhanya okufinyelela iso, iba ncane elangeni elikhanyayo futhi ibe nkulu ebumnyameni. |
| Ilensi | Ingxenye esobala ngemuva kwe-cornea. Yilokhu okugxila ekukhanyeni futhi kukwenze kuwele ngqo kwi-retina. |
| I-Retina | Ingxenye yeso efana nesikrini equkethe amaseli azwela ukukhanya. Yilapho ukukhanya kuguqulwa khona kube izimpawu zikagesi. |
| I-Optic Nerve | Inzwa ethwala izimpawu zikagesi ezikhiqizwa yi-retina eziyisa ebuchosheni. |
Yiziphi izifo zamehlo ezivamile?
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitho emzimbeni wethu, amehlo ethu angahlushwa izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezi zilula, kanti ezinye zingadala ngisho nomonakalo ongapheli ekuboneni kwethu.
Amaphutha Okubuyisa Umbono
Lena inkinga evamile abantu abaningi abanayo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukukhanya okungena esweni kungagxilile ngqo ku-retina.
- Ukubona eduze: Ukubona eduze ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile, kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacile. Isibonelo, ingane yesikole ingase ingakwazi ukubona ibhodi ngokucacile.
- Ukubona kude: Nakuba izinto ezikude zingabonakala ngokucacile, ukwenza imisebenzi eseduze, njengokufunda incwadi, kungaba nzima futhi umbhalo ubonakale ungacacile.
- I-Astigmatism: Kulesi simo, ukukhanya akugxili endaweni eyodwa, okwenza izithombe zibonakale ziphambene futhi zingacacile.
- I-Presbyopia: Isimo esivame ukuthinta abantu abaningi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40. Ukuguquguquka kwelensi yeso kuyehla, okwenza kube nzima ukufunda izinto eziseduze, ikakhulukazi izincwadi namaphephandaba.
Izinkinga Zamehlo Ezihlobene Nokuguga
Kuvamile ukuthi amehlo abhekane nezinguquko ezithile njengoba sikhula.
- Ama-cataract: I-cataract iwukufiphala kwelensi yeso. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umbono ufiphale kancane kancane. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kungelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okulula.
- I-Glaucoma: Lesi yisimo esiyingozi. Ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso iyanda futhi yonakalise inzwa ye-optic. Kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma ingelashwa, ukubona kungalahleka unomphela.
- Ukonakala kwe-Macular: Lesi yisifo esivamile kubantu abadala. Ukulimala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-retina kubangela ukuthi kuvele ibala elimnyama phakathi kwezinto uma ubheka phambili.
Ezinye izifo
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amehlo angathinteka futhi yizifo ezahlukahlukene, ukungezwani komzimba, ukulimala, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela nazo zingalimaza amehlo.
Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zesifo samehlo?
Uma kunenkinga ngamehlo akho, umzimba wakho uzokunikeza izimpawu ezahlukene ngayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
- Amehlo abomvu, alumayo, noma anamanzi.
- Kuphuma uketshezi olufana ne-mucus emehlweni.
- Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
- Ukuqala ukubona izinto ngambili (Umbono ophindwe kabili).
- Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya okukhanyayo (ukuzwela ukukhanya).
- Ama-floater ukubonakala kwamachashazi amnyama noma imicu entanta phambi kwamehlo.
- Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
- I-Strabismus ukungakwazi ukugcina amehlo eqondile futhi umbono udonseleka kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye.
Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zamehlo azilona uphawu lwesifo esiyisisekelo. Nakuba kukhona isisho esithi "amehlo ayifasitela lomphefumulo," ngokwezokwelapha, "amehlo ayifasitela lobuchopho." Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinguquko emehlweni zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo sobuchopho esibi, njengesishayo. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi uzishaye indiva lezi zimpawu.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha!
Kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uzibona, njengoba zingaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo noma ukuncipha okukhulu kokubona kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo .
- Uma kukhona okubhajwe esweni lakho noma uma kuzwakala sengathi kukhona okubhajwe esweni lakho.
- Uma usha eduze kweso lakho noma esweni lakho.
- Uma ubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho noma uma inani lamachashazi amnyama antantayo (ama-floater) landa ngokuzumayo.
- Uma uhlangothi olulodwa lokubona kwakho lubonakala lumbozwe yikhethini elimnyama.
- Uma uhlanza ngenxa yobuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni akho.
- Uma amehlo akho evuvukele, ebomvu, noma ephukile.
Esimweni esinjalo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Izinto esingazenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu ephilile
Asisho ngeze ukuthi “nakekela amehlo akho”. Amehlo ethu ayigugu kakhulu. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze siwavikele.
1. Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Ngisho noma ungadingi izibuko, kusabalulekile ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe udokotela wamehlo njalo ngonyaka noma emibili. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kusenesikhathi.
2. Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha: Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha lapho wenza umsebenzi onjengokushisela, ukusika insimbi, noma ukudlala imidlalo. Umonakalo ongenziwa emehlweni akho ngokunganaki okuncane ungaba mkhulu kakhulu.
3. Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo ezifana ne-cataract kanye ne-macular degeneration.
4. Thola ukudla okunempilo: Imifino eluhlaza, izithelo (ikakhulukazi lezo ezicebile ngevithamini A njengezaqathi namazambane), kanye nokudla okucebile nge-omega-3 njengezinhlanzi kuhle kakhulu empilweni yamehlo.
5. Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Izifo ezifana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile nesifo sikashukela zingalimaza amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke, phila impilo enempilo.
6. Ungazinaki izimpawu: Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, ebuhlungwini, noma yini engavamile, ungakuzibi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amehlo ethu ayizitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu neziwusizo. Asebenza njengekhamera yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
- Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi awunazo izinkinga zokubona, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngudokotela wamehlo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo.
- Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha lapho usebenza futhi udlala imidlalo. Ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ezinezivikelo ze-UV lapho uphuma elangeni nakho kuhle emehlweni akho.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwamehlo akho, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukudla okuhle, ukugwema ukubhema, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kuthinta ngqo impilo yamehlo akho.
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